High geochemical background of potentially harmful elements in soils and sediments: implications for the remediation of contaminated sites

References

• Garrett , R. G. 2000 . Natural sources of metals in the environment . Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. , 6 : 945 – 963 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armiento , G. , Cremisini , C. , Nardi , E. and Pacifico , R. 2009 . BOSICON 2009 – Proceedings of the II International Conferfence on the Remediation of Polluted Sites . May 13–15 2009 , Rome, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Reimann , C. and Garrett , R. G. 2005 . Geochemical background – concept and reality . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 350 : 12 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plant , J. A. , Korre , A. , Reeder , S. , Smith , B. and Voulvoulis , N. 2005 . Chemicals in the environment: implications for global sustainability . Appl. Earth Sci. IMM Trans. B , 114 ( 2 ) : 65 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van-Camp , L. , Bujarrabal , B. , Gentile , A-R. , Jones , R. J.A. , Montanarella , L. , Olazabal , C. and Selvaradjou , S-K. 2004 . Reports of the Technical Working Groups Established under the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection. EUR 21319 EN/1 , 872 Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkes , H. E. and Webb , J. S. 1962 . “ Geochemistry in mineral exploration ” . New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Reimann , C. , Filzmoser , P. and Garrett , R. G. 2005 . Background and threshold: critical comparison of methods of determination . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 346 : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galuszka , A. 2007 . A review of geochemical background concepts and an example using data from Poland . Environ. Geol. , 52 : 861 – 870 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darnley , A. G. 1997 . A global geochemical reference network: the foundation for geochemical baseline . J. Geochem. Explor. , 60 : 1 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US EPA . 1996 . Soil Screening Guidance: User's Guide , Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . Publication 9355.4-23
   Google Scholar
• US EPA . 2002 . Role of Background in the CERCLA Cleanup Program , Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . 9285.6-07P
   Google Scholar
• Pacifico , R. , Adamo , P. , Cremisini , C. , Spaziani , F. and Ferrara , L. 2007 . A geochemical analytical approach for the evaluation of heavy metal distribution in lagoon sediments . J. Soil Sed. , 7 : 313 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunori , C. , Cremisini , C. , D'Annibale , L. , Massanisso , P. and Pinto , V. 2005 . A kinetic study of trace element leachability from abandoned-mine-polluted soil treated with SS-MSW compost and red mud. Comparison with results from sequential extraction . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , 381 : 1347 – 1354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , C. R.M. , Sahuquillo , A. and Lopez Sanchez , J. F. 2008 . A review of the different methods applied in environmental geochemistry for single and sequential extraction of trace elements in soils and related materials . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 189 : 291 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlon , C. 2007 . Derivation methods of soil screening values in Europe. A review and evaluation of national procedures towards harmonization. European Commission , Edited by: Carlon , C. Ispra : Joint Research Centre . EUR 22805-EN
   Google Scholar
• US EPA . 2001 . Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites , Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . 9355.4–24
   Google Scholar
• Wenning , R. J. , Batley , G. E. , Ingersoll , C. G. and Moore , D. W. 2005 . Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments , Pensacola, FL : SETAC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Avagliano , S. and Parrella , L. 2009 . Managing uncertainty in risk-based corrective action design: global sensitivity analysis of contaminant fate and exposure models used in the dose assessment . Environ. Model Assess. , 14 : 47 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APAT-ICRAM . 2006 . Manuale per la movimentazione dei sedimenti marini 72 Available at http://www.icram.org/nav2/movimentazionedeifondali.htm
   Google Scholar
• Reimann , C. , Siewers , U. , Tarvainen , T. , Bityukova , L. , Eriksson , J. , Gilucis , A. , Gregorauskiene , V. , Lukashev , V. K. , Matinian , N. N. and Pasieczna , A. 2003 . Agricultural Soils in Northern Europe: A Geochemical Atlas , Stuttgart : Shweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung . Geologisches Jahrbuch, Sonderhefte, Reihe D, Heft SD 5
   Google Scholar
• Kabata-Pendias , A. and Mukherjee , A. B. 2007 . Trace Elements from Soil to Human , Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Koljonen , T. 1992 . Geochemical atlas of Finland: Part 2, Till , Edited by: Koljonen , T. Espoo : Geological Survey of Finland .
   Google Scholar
• Göd , R. and Zemann , J. 2000 . Native arsenic–realgar mineralization in marbles from Saualpe, Carinthia, Austria . Miner. Petrol. , 70 : 37 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierra , M. , Martinez , F. J. and Aguilar , J. 2007 . Baselines for trace elements and evaluation of environmantal risk in soils of Almeria (SE Spain) . Geoderma , 139 : 209 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan , M. and Dogan , A. U. 2007 . Arsenic mineralization, source, distribution, and abundance in the Kutahya region of Western Anatolia, Turkey . Environ Geochem Health. , 29 : 119 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varsányi , I. and Kovács , L. O. 2006 . Arsenic, iron and organic matter in sediments and groundwater in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary . Appl. Geochem. , 21 : 949 – 963 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ódor , L. , Wanty , R. B. , Horváth , I. and Fügedi , U. 1998 . Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Mátra Mountains, northeastern Hungary . J. Geochem. Explor. , 65 : 47 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrini , E. , Angelone , M. , Brigatti , M. F. , De Caterini , G. , Menabue , L. , Manis , L. and Mottana , A. Environmental contamination related to arsenic in soils and waters from the Northern Andes volcanic area (Argentina, JuJuy Province): Preliminary data . Proceedings of the VII Forum Italiano di Scienze della Terra-Geoitalia . Rimini.
   Google Scholar
• Amorosi , A. and Sammartino , I. 2007 . Influence of sediment provenance on background values of potentially toxic metals from near-surface sediments of Po coastal plain (Italy) . Int. J. Earth Sci. , 96 : 389 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARPAL . “ Proposta di metodologia per la determinazione del fondo naturale ed esempio applicativo ” . Available at http://www.arpal.org/Pubbl/paperLAVORO_CONVEGNO_fondi_naturali__.pdf
   Google Scholar
• ARPA Piemonte . “ Criteri di campionamento per la determinazione dei valori di fondo di metalli/metalloidi in ambiente alpino ” . Available at http://rsaonline.arpa.piemonte.it/gest/info.asp-codL=IT&idMC=18&idT=77.htm
   Google Scholar
• APPA Trento . “ Lo studio della città di Trento Fondo naturale dei metalli nei terreni alluvionali del fondovalle ” . Available at http://www.bonifiche.provincia.tn.it/binary/pat_bonifiche/convegni/Segatta_Genthe.1215700498.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pfeifer , H. R. , Derron , M. H. , Rey , D. , Schlegel , C. , Dalla Piazza , R. , Dubois , J. D. and Mandia , Y. 2000 . “ Natural trace element input to the soil-water-plant system, examples of background and contaminated situations in Switzerland, eastern France and northern Italy ” . In Trace Metals – Their Distribution and Effects in the Environment , Edited by: Markert , B. and Friese , K. 33 – 86 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeifer , H. R. , Beatrizzotti , G. , Berthoud , J. , De Rossa , M. , Girardet , A. , Jäggli , M. , Lavanchy , J. C. , Reymond , D. , Ringhetti , G. , Schlegel , C. , Schmit , V. and Temgoua , E. 2002 . Natural arsenic-contamination of surface and ground waters in southern Switzerland (Ticino) . Bull. Appl. Geol. , 7 : 81 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Kouras , A. , Katsoyiannis , I. and Voutsa , D. 2007 . Distribution of arsenic in groundwater in the area of Chalkidiki, northern Greece . J. Hazard. Mater. , 147 : 890 – 899 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsoyannis , I. A. and Katsoyannis , A. A. 2006 . Arsenic and other metal contamination of groundwaters in the industrial area of Thessaloniki, northern Greece . Environ. Monit. Assess. , 123 : 393 – 406 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiuppa , A. , Avino , R. , Brusca , L. , Caliro , S. , Chiodini , G. , D'Alessandro , W. , Favara , R. , Federico , C. , Ginevra , W. , Inguaggiato , S. , Longo , M. , Pecoraino , G. and Valenza , M. 2006 . Mineral control of arsenic content in thermal waters from volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems: Insights from island of Ischia and Phlegrean Fields (Campanian Volcanic Province, Italy) . Chem. Geol. , 229 : 313 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varsányi , I. , Fodré , Z. and Bartha , A. 1991 . Arsenic in drinking water and mortality in the Southern Great Plain, Hungary . Environ. Geochem. Health , 13 : 14 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurzau , E. S. and Gurzau , A. E. 2001 . “ Arsenic in drinking water from groundwater in Transylvania, Romania: an overview ” . In Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects , Edited by: Chappell , W. R. , Abernathy , C. O. and Calderon , R. L. 181 – 184 . Oxford : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Smedley , P. L. and Kinniburgh , D. G. 2002 . A review of the source behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters . Appl. Geochem. , 17 : 517 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiuppa , A. , D'Alessandro , W. , Federico , C. , Palumbo , B. and Valenza , M. 2003 . The aquatic geochemistry of arsenic in volcanic groundwaters from southern Italy . Appl. Geochem. , 18 : 1283 – 1296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremisini , C. , Dall'Aglio , M. and Ghiara , E. Arsenic in Italian rivers and in some cold and thermal springs . Proceedings of the International Conference on Management and Control of Heavy Metals in the Environment . pp. 341 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Dall'Aglio , M. , Duchi , V. , Minissale , A. , Guerrini , A. and Tremori , M. 1994 . Hydrogeochemistry of the volcanic district in the Tolfa and Sabatini Mts, central Italy . J. Hydrol. , 154 : 195 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima , A. , Cicchella , D. and Di Francia , S. 2003 . Natural contribution of harmful elements in thermal groundwaters of Ischia Island (southern Italy) . Environ. Geol. , 43 : 930 – 940 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelone , M. , Cremisini , C. , Piscopo , V. , Proposito , M. and Spaziani , F. 2009 . Influence of hydrostratigraphy and structural setting on the arsenic occurrence in groundwater of the Cimino-Vico volcanic area (central Italy) . Hydrogeol. J. , 17 : 901 – 914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar