Is There a Caring Perspective in Garden/Patio Design in Elderly Care? A Description and a Comparison of Residents’ and Staff Members’ Perceptions of These Outdoor Spaces

REFERENCES

• Andersson , J. E. 2005 . Rum för äldre: om arkitektur för äldre med demens eller somatisk sjukdom [Rooms for the elderly: About architecture for older people with dementia or somatic disease]. (Licentiate thesis, Architecture, 7). Stockholm: Trita-ARK. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-487
   Google Scholar
• Åström , D. O. , Forsberg , B. and Rocklöv , J. 2011 . Heat wave impact on morbidity and mortality in the elderly population: A review of recent studies . Maturitas , 69 : 99 – 105 . doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.03.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson , A. and Carlsson , G. 2006 . Outdoor environments at three nursing homes: Focus group interviews with staff . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 49 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Brawley , E. C. 2007 . Designing successful gardens and outdoor spaces for individuals with Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 21 : 265 – 283 . doi: 10.1300/J081v21n03_14
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , N. J. , Hazen , T. and Noell-Waggoner , E. 2007 . Gardens for people with dementia: Increasing access to the natural environment for residents with Alzheimer's . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 21 : 249 – 263 . doi: 10.1300/J081v21n03_13
   Google Scholar
• Cohen-Mansfield , J. and Werner , P. 1998 . The effects of an enhanced environment on nursing home residents who pace . The Gerontologist , 38 : 199 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen-Mansfield , J. and Werner , P. 1999 . Outdoor wandering parks for persons with dementia: A survey of characteristics and use . Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , 13 : 109 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier , L. 2007 . The use of multi-sensory stimulation to improve functional performance in older people with dementia: A randomised single blind trial. , Southampton : University of Southampton, School of Health Sciences . (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Retrieved from http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/165511
   Google Scholar
• Collins , C. C. and O’Callaghan , A. M. 2008 . The impact of horticultural responsibility on health indicators and quality of life in assisted living . HortTechnology , 18 : 611 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , H. , Burns , I. and Savage , S. 2004 . Multisensory environments for leisure: Promoting well-being in nursing home residents with dementia . Journal of Gerontological Nursing , 30 ( 2 ) : 37 – 45 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cutler , L. J. and Kane , R. A. 2006 . As great as all outdoors: A study of outdoor spaces as a neglected resource for nursing home residents . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 29 – 48 . doi: 10.1300/J081v19n03_03
   Google Scholar
• Detweiler , M. B. , Murphy , P. F. , Myers , L. C. and Kim , K. Y. 2008 . Does a wander garden influence inappropriate behaviors in dementia residents? . American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias , 23 : 31 – 45 . doi: 10.1177/1533317507309799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan , S. , Blackman , T. , Martyr , A. and Van Schaik , P. 2008 . The impact of early dementia on outdoor life: A ‘shrinking world’? . Dementia , 7 : 191 – 204 . doi: 10.1177/1471301208091158
   Google Scholar
• Edvardsson , D. 2005 . Atmosphere in care settings: Towards a broader understanding of the phenomenon. , Umeå : Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing . (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Retrived from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?searchId=2&pid=diva2:143386
   Google Scholar
• Engström , M. , Lindqvist , R. , Ljunggren , B. and Carlsson , M. 2009 . Staff members’ perceptions of a ICT support package in dementia care during the process of implementation . Journal of Nursing Management , 17 : 781 – 789 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.00985.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigliotti , C. M. , Jarrot , S. E. and Yorgason , J. 2004 . Harvesting health: Effects of three types of horticultural therapy activities for persons with dementia . Dementia , 3 : 161 – 180 . doi: 10.1177/1471301204042335
   Google Scholar
• Jarrot , S. E. and Gigliotti , C. M. 2010 . Comparing responses to horticultural-based and traditional activities in dementia care programs . American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias , 25 : 657 – 665 . doi: 10.1177/1533317510385810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph , A. , Zimring , C. , Harris-Kojetin , L. and Kiefer , K. 2006 . Presence and visibility of outdoor and indoor activity features and participation in physical activity among older adults in retirement communities . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 141 – 165 . doi: 10.1300/J081v19n03_08
   Google Scholar
• Kearney , A. R. and Winterbottom , D. 2006 . Nearby nature and long-term care facility residents: Benefits and design recommendations . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 7 – 28 . doi: 10.1300/J081v19n03_02
   Google Scholar
• Lee , Y. and Kim , S. 2008 . Effects of indoor gardening on sleep, agitation, and cognition in dementia patients: A pilot study . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 23 : 485 – 489 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride , D. L. 1999 . “ Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations ” . In Nursing home gardens , Edited by: Marcus , C. C. and Barnes , M. 385 – 436 . New York , NY : John Wiley & Sons, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• McCaffrey , R. 2007 . The effect of healing gardens and art therapy on older adults with mild to moderate depression . Holistic Nursing Practice , 21 : 79 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMinn , B. G. and Hinton , L. 2000 . Confined to barracks: The effects of indoor confinement on aggressive behavior among inpatients of an acute psychogeriatric unit . American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease , 15 : 36 – 41 . doi: 10.1177/153331750001500106
   Google Scholar
• Moore , K. D. 2007 . Restorative dementia gardens: Exploring how design may ameliorate attention fatigue . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 21 : 73 – 88 . doi: 10.1300/J081v21n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Moretti , F. , De Ronchi , D. , Bernabei , V. , Marchetti , L. , Ferrari , B. , Forlani , C. and Negretti , F. 2011 . Pet therapy in elderly patients with mental illness . Psychogeriatrics , 11 : 125 – 129 . doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2010.00329.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , P. F. , Miyazaki , Y. , Detweiler , M. B. and Kim , K. Y. 2010 . Longitudinal analysis of differential effects on agitation of a therapeutic wander garden for dementia patients based on ambulation ability . Dementia , 9 : 355 – 373 . doi: 10.1177/1471301210375336
   Google Scholar
• Namazi , K. H. and Johnson , B. D. 1992 . Pertinent autonomy for residents with dementias: Modification of the physical environment to enhance independence . American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias , 7 : 16 – 21 . doi: 10.1177/153331759200700105
   Google Scholar
• Oguz , D. , Cakci , I. , Sevimli , G. and Ozgur , S. 2010 . Outdoor environment preferences in nursing homes: Case study of Ankara, Turkey . Scientific Research and Essays , 5 : 3987 – 3993 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottosson , J. and Grahn , P. 2006 . Measures of restoration in geriatric care residences: The influence of nature on elderly people's power of concentration, blood pressure and pulse rate . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 227 – 256 . doi: 10.1300/J081v19n03_12
   Google Scholar
• Polit , D. and Beck , C. T. 2012 . Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.) , Philadelphia , PA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Rappe , E. and Kivelä , S.-L. 2005 . Effects of garden visits on long-term care residents as related to depression . HortTechnology , 15 : 298 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappe , E. , Kivelä , S.-L. and Rita , H. 2006 . Visiting outdoor green environments positively impacts self-rated health among older people in long-term care . HortTechnology , 16 : 55 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappe , E. and Topo , P. 2007 . Contact with outdoor greenery can support competence among people with dementia . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 21 : 229 – 248 . doi: 10.1300/J081v21n03_12
   Google Scholar
• Raske , M. 2010 . Nursing home quality of life: Study of an enabling garden . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 53 : 336 – 351 . doi: 10.1080/01634371003741482
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodiek , S. 2006 . Resident perceptions of physical environment features that influence outdoor usage at assisted living facilities . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 95 – 107 . doi: 10.1300/J081v19n03_06
   Google Scholar
• Rodiek , S. and Lee , C. 2009 . External space: Increasing outdoor usage in residential facilities for older adults. Retrieved from http://www.worldhealthdesign.com/External-space-Increasing-outdoor-usage-in-facilities-for-older-adults.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Skotnes , L. H. , Omli , R. , Romild , U. , Hellzén , O. and Kuhry , E. 2012 . Urinary incontinence in Norwegian nursing home residents . Open Journal of Nursing , 2 : 116 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Sugiyama , T. and Thompson , C. W. 2006 . Environmental support for outdoor activities and older people's quality of life . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 167 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Board of Health and Welfare . 2012 . Nationell tillsyn av vård och omsorg om äldre. Delrapport II 2012 [National oversight of the care of the elderly] . Retrieved from http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/publikationer2012/2012-5-32
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Parliament . 2003, June 5 . Svensk författningssamling 2003:460. Lag (2003:460) om etikprövning av forskning som avser människor. [Swedish Code of Statutes 2003:460. Law concerning the ethical review of research involving humans] , Stockholm : Swedish Parliament . Retrieved from http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfa-ttningssamling/Lag-2003460-om-etikprovning_sfs-2003-460/
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2001 . Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.) , Boston , MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Tang , J. W. and Brown , R. D. 2006 . The effect of viewing a landscape on physiological health of elderly woman . Journal of Housing for the Elderly , 19 : 187 – 202 . doi: 10.1300/J081v19n03_10
   Google Scholar
• Tse , M. M. 2010 . Therapeutic effects of an indoor gardening program for older people living in nursing homes . Journal of Clinical Nursing , 19 : 949 – 958 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02803.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viljanen , A. , Kulmala , J. , Rantakokko , M. , Koskenvuo , M. , Kaprio , J. and Rantanen , T. 2012 . Fear of falling and coexisting sensory difficulties as predictors of mobility decline in older women . Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences , 67 : 1230 – 1237 . doi: 10.1093/gerona/gls134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2001 . International classification of functioning, disability and health. , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• York , S. L. 2009 . Residential design and outdoor area accessibility . NeuroRehabilitation , 25 : 201 – 208 . doi: 10.3233/NRE-2009-0516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar