Multidimensional Demand Strength of Recreational Activity Programming in Assisted Living: A Conceptual Model and Prototypical Rating Scale

References

• Adams, K. B., Leibbrandt, S., & Moon, H. (2011). A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life. Ageing and Society, 31, 683–712. doi:10.1017/S0144686×10001091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure Sciences, 13, 185–204. doi:10.1080/01490409109513137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, D. R. (1982). Therapeutic recreation: Process and techniques. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Baert, V., Gorus, E., Guldemont, N., De Coster, S., & Bautmans, I. (2015). Physiotherapists' perceived motivators and barriers for organizing physical activity for older long-term care facility residents. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16, 371–379. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.12.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, M. M., Perkins, M. M., Whittington, F. J., Connell, B. R., Hollingsworth, C., King, S. V., … Combs, B. L. (2004). Managing decline in assisted living: The key to aging in place. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, S202–S212. doi:10.1093/geronb/59.4.S202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, M. M., Whittington, F. J., Perkins, M. M., Patterson, V. L., Hollingsworth, C., King, S. V., & Combs, B. L. (2000). Quality of life in assisted living facilities: Viewpoints of residents. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 19, 304–325. doi:10.1177/073346480001900304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, K., Edwards, N., Ploeg, J., & Legault, F. (2014). Barriers to physical activity and restorative care for residents in long-term care: A review of the literature. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 22, 154–165. doi:10.1123/JAPA.2012-0139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burlingame, J., & Blaschko, T. M. (2009). Assessment tools for recreational therapy and related fields (4th ed.). Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor.
   Google Scholar
• Caffrey, C., Sengupta, M., Park-Lee, E., Moss, A., Rosenoff, E., & Harris-Kojetin, L. (2012). Residents living in residential care facilities: United States, 2010 (NCHS Data Brief No. 91). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Caine, D., & Hodges, J. R. (2001). Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 15, 155–164. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.15.2.155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Certo, N. J., Schleien, S. J., & Hunter, D. (1983). An ecological assessment inventory to facilitate community recreation participation by severely disabled individuals. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 17, 29–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, Y. M. (2010). Perceived barriers to physical activity among older adults residing in long‐term care institutions. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 432–439. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02990.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6, 284–290. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, L. J., Rothschadl, A., & Rudick, J. L. (2009). Leisure programming for baby boomers. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Cummings, S. M. (2002). Predictors of psychological well-being among assisted-living residents. Health & Social Work, 27, 293–302. doi:10.1093/hsw/27.4.293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVellis, R. F. (2012). Scale development: Theory and applications (Vol. 26). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Diehl, M., Willis, S. L., & Schaie, K. W. (1995). Everyday problem solving in older adults: Observational assessment and cognitive correlates. Psychology and Aging, 10, 478–491. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.10.3.478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobbs, D., Eckert, J. K., Rubinstein, B., Keimig, L., Clark, L., Frankowski, A. C., & Zimmerman, S. (2008). An ethnographic study of stigma and ageism in residential care or assisted living. The Gerontologist, 48, 517–526. doi:10.1093/geront/48.4.517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrestein, M. (2006). Leisure activity assessment in residential care: Improving occupational outcomes for residents. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 53, 20–26.
   Google Scholar
• Dorrestein, M., & Hocking, C. (2010). Maximising participation for older people: Scoping the occupational therapy role in residential care settings. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57, 49–55.
   Google Scholar
• Egan, M. Y., Dubouloz, C. J., Leonard, C., Paquet, N., & Carter, M. (2014). Engagement in personally valued occupations following stroke and a move to assisted living. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics, 32, 25–41. doi:10.3109/02703181.2013.867559
   Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmt and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 77–83. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleiss, J. L. (2004). The measurement of interrater agreement. In J. L. Fleiss, B. Levin, & M. C. Paik (Eds.), Statistical methods for rates and proportions (pp. 212–236). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Golant, S. M. (2002). Deciding where to live: The emerging residential settlement patterns of retired Americans. Generations, 26, 66–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golant, S. M. (2003). Conceptualizing time and behavior in environmental gerontology: A pair of old issues deserving new thought. The Gerontologist, 43, 638–648. doi:10.1093/geront/43.5.638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, B. C., & Kluge, M. A. (2012). Leisure and physical well-being. In H. J. Gibson, & J. F. Singleton (Eds.), Leisure and aging: Theory and practice (pp. 129–139). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Harmer, B. J., & Orrell, M. (2008). What is meaningful activity for people with dementia living in care homes? A comparison of the views of older people with dementia, staff and family carers. Aging & Mental Health, 12, 548–558. doi:10.1080/13607860802343019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris-Kojetin, L., Sengupta, M., Park-Lee, E., Valverde, R. (2013). Long-term care services in the United States: 2013 overview (DHHS Publication No. 2014-1040). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. Advances in Psychology, 52, 139–183. doi:10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
   Google Scholar
• Hauer, K., Lord, S. R., Lindemann, U., Lamb, S. E., Aminian, K., & Schwenk, M. (2011). Assessment of physical activity in older people with and without cognitive impairment. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 19, 347–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawes, C., Phillips, C. D., Rose, M., Holan, S., & Sherman, M. (2003). A national survey of assisted living facilities. The Gerontologist, 43, 875–882. doi:10.1093/geront/43.6.875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, B. P., & Vanner, E. (2010). Relationships among active engagement in life activities and quality of life for assisted-living residents. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 24, 130–150. doi:10.1080/02763891003757056
   Google Scholar
• Iwarsson, S. (1999). The Housing Enabler: An objective tool for assessing accessibility. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62, 491–497. doi:10.1177/030802269906201104
   Google Scholar
• Jang, Y., Park, N. S., Dominguez, D. D., & Molinari, V. (2014). Social engagement in older residents of assisted living facilities. Aging & Mental Health, 18, 642–647. doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.866634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, C. J., & Rikli, R. E. (2002). Measuring functional fitness of older adults. International Journal of Active Aging, 1, 25–30.
   Google Scholar
• Kane, R. A., & Wilson, K. B. (2007). Improving practice through research in and about assisted living: Implications for a research agenda. The Gerontologist, 47, 4–7. doi:10.1093/geront/47.Supplement_1.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp, A., Paillard-Borg, S., Wang, H. X., Silverstein, M., Winblad, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2006). Mental, physical and social components in leisure activities equally contribute to decrease dementia risk. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 21, 65–73. doi:10.1159/000089919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaup, M. L., Proffitt, M. A., & Abushousheh, A. M. (2012). Building a “practice-based” research agenda: Emerging scholars confront a changing landscape in long-term care. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 26, 94–120. doi:10.1080/02763893.2012.649639
   Google Scholar
• Keller, M. J. (1983). Selecting activities for older adults. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 4, 11–18. doi:10.1300/J016v04n01_02
   Google Scholar
• Kemp, C. L., Ball, M. M., Hollingsworth, C., & Perkins, M. M. (2012). Strangers and friends: Residents' social careers in assisted living. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67, 491–502. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley, P., Choi, D., & Rogers, S. (2009). Acquisition of hierarchical reactive skills in a unified cognitive architecture. Cognitive Systems Research, 10, 316–332. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2008.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lantrip, D. B. (1999). Measuring constraints to inhabitant activities. In E. Steinfeld, & G. S. Danford (Eds.), Enabling environments (pp. 139–164). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lawton, M. P., & Nahemow, L. (1973). Ecology and the aging process. In C. L. Eisdorfer, & M. P. Lawton (Eds.), Psychology of adult development and aging (pp. 619–674). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Leitner, M. J., & Leitner, S. F. (2004). Leisure in later life. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Love, K. (2007, November/December). Montessori techniques: Not just child's play. Assisted Living Consult, pp. 21–24.
   Google Scholar
• Malia, K., Law, P., Sidebottom, L., Bewick, K., Danziger, S., Schold-Davis, E., … Vaidya, A. (2004). Recommendations for best practice in cognitive rehabilitation therapy: Acquired brain injury. Retrieved from http://www.societyforcognitiverehab.org/membership-and-certification/documents/EditedRecsBestPrac.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mannell, R. C., & Snelgrove, R. (2012). Leisure and psychological well-being and health of older adults. In H. J. Gibson, & J. F. Singleton (Eds.), Leisure and aging: Theory and practice (pp. 143–154). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1996). Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods, 1, 30–46. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihalko, S. L., & Wickley, K. L. (2003). Active living for assisted living: Promoting partnerships within a systems framework. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 193–203. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00184-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. M., & Kemp, B. J. (2000). QoL in assisted living homes: A multidimensional analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55, P117–P127. doi:10.1093/geronb/55.2.P117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitty, E. (2010). An assisted living community environment that optimizes function: Housing enabler assessment. Geriatric Nursing, 31, 448–451. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2010.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001). How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 621–640. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moneta, G. B., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The effect of perceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective experience. Journal of Personality, 64, 275–310. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00512.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., … Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 695–699. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Certification Council for Activity Professionals. (2014). Certification standards. Retrieved from: http://www.nccap.org/certification/NCCAP_Certification_Standards.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, W., Blair, S. N., Duncan, P. W., Judge, J. O., King, A. C., … Castaneda-Sceppa, C. (2007). Physical activity and public health in older adults Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 1435–1445. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan, G. (2005). Protocols for leisure activity programming. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52, 17–25.
   Google Scholar
• Paas, F. G., & Van Merrienboer, J. J. (1994). Instructional control of cognitive load in the training of complex cognitive tasks. Educational Psychology Review, 6, 351–371. doi:10.1007/BF02213420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paas, F. G., Van Merriënboer, J. J., & Adam, J. J. (1994). Measurement of cognitive load in instructional research. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 79, 419–430. doi:10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, D. C., & Bischof, G. N. (2013). The aging mind: Neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15, 109–119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park, N. S., Zimmerman, S., Kinslow, K., Shin, H. J., & Roff, L. L. (2012). Social engagement in assisted living and implications for practice. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 31, 215–238. doi:10.1177/0733464810384480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plys, E. (2014). Physical, cognitive, and social load of common activities offered in assisted living facilities (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO.
   Google Scholar
• Polenick, C. A., & Flora, S. R. (2013). Increasing social activity attendance in assisted living residents using personalized prompts and positive social attention. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32, 515–539. doi:10.1177/0733464811427444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polzer, K. (2013). Assisted living state regulatory review 2013. Washington, DC: National Center for Assisted Living.
   Google Scholar
• Pomeroy, S. H., Scherer, Y., Runkawatt, V., Iamsumang, W., Lindemann, J., & Resnick, B. (2011). Person–environment fit and functioning among older adults in a long-term care setting. Geriatric Nursing, 32, 368–378. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recarte, M. A., & Nunes, L. M. (2003). Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 9, 119–137. doi:10.1037/1076-898X.9.2.119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rethans, J. J., Norcini, J. J., Baron‐Maldonado, M., Blackmore, D., Jolly, B. C., LaDuca, T., … Southgate, L. H. (2002). The relationship between competence and performance: Implications for assessing practice performance. Medical Education, 36, 901–909. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01316.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggio, R. E. (1986). Assessment of basic social skills. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 649–660. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.649
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero, N., Sturm, J., Bekker, T., de Valk, L., & Kruitwagen, S. (2010). Playful persuasion to support older adults' social and physical activities. Interacting with Computers, 22, 485–495. doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2010.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau, J., Potvin, L., Dutil, E., & Falta, P. (2002). Model of competence: A conceptual framework for understanding the person-environment interaction for persons with motor disabilities. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 16, 15–36. doi:10.1080/J003v16n01_02
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rousseau, J., Potvin, L., Dutil, É., & Falta, P. (2013). Home assessment of person-environment Interaction (HoPE): Content validation process. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 27, 289–307. doi:10.3109/07380577.2013.843114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandhu, N. K., Kemp, C. L., Ball, M. M., Burgess, E. O., & Perkins, M. M. (2013). Coming together and pulling apart: Exploring the influence of functional status on co-resident relationships in assisted living. Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 317–329. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2013.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanford, J., & Bruce, C. (2010). Measuring the physical environment. In T. Oakland, & E. Mpofu (Eds.), Rehabilitation and health assessment (pp. 207–228). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Searle, M. S. (1991). Social exchange theory as a framework for understanding ceasing participation in organized leisure activities. Leisure Sciences, 13, 279–294. doi:10.1080/01490409109513145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420–428. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shura, R., Siders, R. A., & Dannefer, D. (2011). Culture change in long-term care: Participatory action research and the role of the resident. The Gerontologist, 51, 212–225. doi:10.1093/geront/gnq099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikorska-Simmons, E. (2001). Development of an instrument to measure resident satisfaction with assisted living. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 20, 57–73. doi:10.1177/073346480102000104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone, P. M., & Haas, A. L. (2013). Frailty, leisure activity and functional status in older adults: Relationship with subjective well being. Clinical Gerontologist, 36, 275–293. doi:10.1080/07317115.2013.788114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson, D. G., & Grabowski, D. C. (2010). Sizing up the market for assisted living. Health Affairs, 29, 35–43. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, A. L., Mills, K. M., King, A. C., Haskell, W. L., Gillis, D., & Ritter, P. L. (2001). CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults: Outcomes for interventions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1126–1141. doi:10.1097/00005768-200107000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tighe, S. K., Leoutsakos, J. S., Carlson, M. C., Onyike, C. U., Samus, Q., Baker, A., … Lyketsos, C. G. (2008). The association between activity participation and time to discharge in the assisted living setting. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 586–591. doi:10.1002/gps.1940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, C., Ouyang, W., Chen, L., Lan, C., Hwang, S., Yang, C., & Su, T. (2009). Depression is the strongest independent risk factor for poor social engagement among Chinese elderly veterans assisted-living residents. Journal of Chinese Medicine Association, 72, 478–483. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70411-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Merriënboer, J. J., & Ayres, P. (2005). Research on cognitive load theory and its design implications for e-learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53, 5–13. doi:10.1007/BF02504793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virone, G., & Sixsmith, A. (2008). Toward information systems for ambient assisted living. In. proceedings from The 6th International Conference of the International Society for Gerontechnology (pp. 4–7). Pisa, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Walter, S. D., Eliasziw, M., & Donner, A. (1998). Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. Statistics in Medicine, 17, 101–110. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980115)17:1<101::AID-SIM727>3.0.CO;2-E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, S. L. (1996). Everyday cognitive competence in elderly persons: Conceptual issues and empirical findings. The Gerontologist, 36, 595–601. doi:10.1093/geront/36.5.595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winningham, R. G., & Pike, N. L. (2007). A cognitive intervention to enhance institutionalized older adults' social support networks and decrease loneliness. Aging & Mental Health, 11, 716–721. doi:10.1080/13607860701366228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar