Comparison of a rapid albuterol pathway with a standard pathway for the treatment of children with a moderate to severe asthma exacerbation in the emergency department

References

• Association AL. Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality 2012. [cited 2015 11/12/15]. Available from: http://www.lung.org/finding-cures/our-research/trend-reports/asthma-trend-report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Choi J, Lee GL. Common pediatric respiratory emergencies. Emerg Med Clin N Am 2012;30(2):529–563, x. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.009. PubMed PMID: 22487117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Heart L, Blood Institute NHLBI. Expert panel report 3: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma 2007. [cited 2015 11/1/15]. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthgdln.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Scarfone RJ, Fuchs SM, Nager AL, Shane SA. Controlled trial of oral prednisone in the emergency department treatment of children with acute asthma. Pediatrics 1993;92(4):513–518. Epub 1993/10/01. PubMed PMID: 8414819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camargo CA, Jr., Spooner CH, Rowe BH. Continuous versus intermittent beta-agonists in the treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003(4):CD001115. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001115. PubMed PMID: 14583926.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emerman CL, Cydulka RK, McFadden ER. Comparison of 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of inhaled albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma. Chest 1999;115(1):92–96. Epub 1999/01/30. PubMed PMID: 9925067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha M, Bidadi K, Gourlay S, Hayes J. Continuous vs intermittent albuterol, at high and low doses, in the treatment of severe acute asthma in adults. Chest 1996;110(1):42–47. Epub 1996/07/01. PubMed PMID: 8681661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuh S, Parkin P, Rajan A, Canny G, Healy R, Rieder M, et al. High-versus low-dose, frequently administered, nebulized albuterol in children with severe, acute asthma. Pediatrics 1989;83(4):513–518. Epub 1989/04/01. PubMed PMID: 2927990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Guideline on the Management of Asthma. Thorax. 2008;63 Suppl 4: iv:1–121. Epub 2008/05/28. doi: 10.1136/thx.2008.097741. PubMed PMID: 18463203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubin BK, Fink JB. The delivery of inhaled medication to the young child. Pediatr Clin N Am 2003;50(3):717–731. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00049-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onhoj J, Thorsson L, Bisgaard H. Lung deposition of inhaled drugs increases with age. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162(5):1819–1822. Epub 2000/11/09. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.2002132. PubMed PMID: 11069819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cates CJ, Welsh EJ, Rowe BH. Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;9:Cd000052. Epub 2013/09/17. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub3. PubMed PMID: 24037768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tien I, Dorfman D, Kastner B, Bauchner H. Metered-dose inhaler: the emergency department orphan. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155(12):1335–1339. Epub 2001/12/26. PubMed PMID: 11732952.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason N, Roberts N, Yard N, Partridge MR. Nebulisers or spacers for the administration of bronchodilators to those with asthma attending emergency departments? Respir Med 2008;102(7):993–998. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.02.009. PubMed PMID: 18396026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmond MH, Gazarian M, Henry RL, Clifford TJ, Tetzlaff J, Group PSS. Barriers to metered-dose inhaler/spacer use in Canadian pediatric emergency departments: a national survey. Acad Emerg Med 2007;14(11):1106–1113. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.05.009. PubMed PMID: 17699806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babl FE, Sheriff N, Borland M, Acworth J, Neutze J, Krieser D, et al. Paediatric acute asthma management in Australia and New Zealand: practice patterns in the context of clinical practice guidelines. Arch Dis Childhood 2008;93(4):307–312. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.125062. PubMed PMID: 18356383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radzik D, Peroni DG, Pescollderungg L, Piacentini GL, Chatzimichail A, Boner AL. Nebulizers or pressurized metered-dose inhalers in the treatment of asthma exacerbations. Allergy Asthma Proc 2005;26(3):207–209. Epub 2005/08/27. PubMed PMID: 16119036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch MJ. Nebulization therapy for asthma: a practical guide for the busy pediatrician. Clin Pediatr 2008;47(8):744–756. doi: 10.1177/0009922808316188. PubMed PMID: 18824637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess DR. Aerosol delivery devices in the treatment of asthma. Respir Care 2008;53(6):699–723; discussion-5. Epub 2008/05/27. PubMed PMID: 18501026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabato K, Ward P, Hawk W, Gildengorin V, Asselin JM. Randomized controlled trial of a breath-actuated nebulizer in pediatric asthma patients in the emergency department. Respir Care 2011;56(6):761–770. doi: 10.4187/respcare.00142. PubMed PMID: 21333060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newnham DM, Lipworth BJ. Nebuliser performance, pharmacokinetics, airways and systemic effects of salbutamol given via a novel nebuliser delivery system (“Ventstream”). Thorax 1994;49(8):762–770. Epub 1994/08/01. PubMed PMID: 8091320; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc475120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman SP, Pitcairn GR, Hooper G, Knoch M. Efficient drug delivery to the lungs from a continuously operated open-vent nebulizer and low pressure compressor system. Eur Respir J 1994;7(6):1177–1181. Epub 1994/06/01. PubMed PMID: 7925889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devadason SG, Everard ML, Linto JM, Le Souëf PN. Comparison of drug delivery from conventional versus “Venturi” nebulizers. Eur Respir J 1997;10(11):2479–2483. doi: 10.1183/09031936.97.10112479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikander K, Turpeinen M, Wollmer P. Evaluation of pulsed and breath-synchronized nebulization of budesonide as a means of reducing nebulizer wastage of drug. Pediatr Pulmonol 2000;29(2):120–126. Epub 2000/01/19. PubMed PMID: 10639202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho SL, Kwong WT, O'Drowsky L, Coates AL. Evaluation of four breath-enhanced nebulizers for home use. J Aerosol Med 2001;14(4):467–475. Epub 2002/01/17. doi: 10.1089/08942680152744677. PubMed PMID: 11791687.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung K, Louca E, Coates AL. Comparison of breath-enhanced to breath-actuated nebulizers for rate, consistency, and efficiency. Chest 2004;126(5):1619–1627. Epub 2004/11/13. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.5.1619. PubMed PMID: 15539736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rau JL, Ari A, Restrepo RD. Performance comparison of nebulizer designs: constant-output, breath-enhanced, and dosimetric. Respir Care 2004;49(2):174–179. Epub 2004/01/28. PubMed PMID: 14744267.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qureshi F, Pestian J, Davis P, Zaritsky A. Effect of nebulized ipratropium on the hospitalization rates of children with asthma. N Engl J Med 1998;339(15):1030–1035. Epub 1998/10/08. doi: 10.1056/nejm199810083391503. PubMed PMID: 9761804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorelick MH, Stevens MW, Schultz TR, Scribano PV. Performance of a novel clinical score, the Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS), in the evaluation of acute asthma. Acad Emerg Med 2004;11(1):10–18. Epub 2004/01/08. PubMed PMID: 14709423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishida M, Suzuki I, Kabayama H, Koshibu T, Izawa M, Takeshita Y, et al. Mouthpiece versus facemask for delivery of nebulized salbutamol in exacerbated childhood asthma. J Asthma 2002;39(4):337–339. Epub 2002/07/04. PubMed PMID: 12095184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikander K, Agertoft L, Pedersen S. Breath-synchronized nebulization diminishes the impact of patient-device interfaces (face mask or mouthpiece) on the inhaled mass of nebulized budesonide J Asthma 2000;37(5):451–459. Epub 2000/09/13. doi: 10.3109/02770900009055471. PubMed PMID: 10983623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay P, Schull M, Bronskill S, Anderson G. The development of indicators to measure the quality of clinical care in emergency departments following a modified-delphi approach. Acad Emerg Med 2002;9(11):1131–1139. Epub 2002/11/05. PubMed PMID: 12414461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmann A, Razzaq A, Lindsay P, Zagorski B, Anderson GM. Development of measures of the quality of emergency department care for children using a structured panel process. Pediatrics 2006;118(1):114–123. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-3029. PubMed PMID: 16818556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar