References
- Centers for Disease Control. Most Recent National Asthma Data [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control; 2019 May [cited 2019 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_national_asthma_data.htm.
- Centers for Disease Control. Uncontrolled Asthma among Children, 2012–2014 [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control; 2019 Jul [cited 2019 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthma_stats/uncontrolled-asthma-children.htm.
- Arroyo AJC, Chee CP, Camargo CA Jr, Wang NE. Where do children die from asthma? National data from 2003 to 2015. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(3):1034–1036. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.08.032.
- Zahran HS, Bailey CM, Damon SA, Garbe PL, Breysse PN. Vital signs: asthma in children - United States, 2001-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(5):149–155.
- Desai M, Oppenheimer JJ. Medication adherence in the asthmatic child and adolescent. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011;11(6):454–464. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-011-0227-2.
- Modi AC, Pai AL, Hommel KA, Hood KK, Cortina S, Hilliard ME, Guilfoyle SM, Gray WN, Drotar D. Pediatric self-management: a framework for research, practice, and policy. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):e473–e485. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1635.
- National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert panel report 3: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); 2007.
- Celano MP, Linzer JF, Demi A, Bakeman R, Smith CO, Croft S, Kobrynski LJ. Treatment adherence among low-income, African American children with persistent asthma. J Asthma. 2010;47(3):317–322. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/02770900903580850.
- Reznik M, Ozuah PO. Measurement of inhaled corticosteroid adherence in inner-city, minority children with persistent asthma by parental report and integrated dose counter. J Allergy (Cairo). 2012;2012:570850–570855.
- Rohan J, Drotar D, McNally K, Schluchter M, Riekert K, Vavrek P, Schmidt A, Redline S, Kercsmar C. Adherence to pediatric asthma treatment in economically disadvantaged African-American children and adolescents: An application of growth curve analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2010;35(4):394–404.
- Butz A, Morphew T, Lewis-Land C, Kub J, Bellin M, Ogborn J, Mudd SS, Bollinger ME, Tsoukleris M. Factors associated with poor controller medication use in children with high asthma emergency department use. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;118(4):419–426. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.01.007.
- Williams LK, Joseph CL, Peterson EL, Moon C, Xi H, Krajenta R, Johnson R, Wells K, Booza JC, Tunceli K, et al. Race-ethnicity, crime, and other factors associated with adherence to inhaled corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(1):168–175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.029.
- Fiese BH, Wamboldt FS, Anbar RD. Family asthma management routines: connections to medical adherence and quality of life. J Pediatr. 2005;46(2):171–176.
- Fiese BH, Everhart RS. Medical adherence and childhood chronic illness: family daily management skills and emotional climate as emerging contributors. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006;18(5):551–557. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mop.0000245357.68207.9b.
- Smith LA, Bokhour B, Hohman KH, Miroshnik I, Kleinman KP, Cohn E, Cortés DE, Galbraith A, Rand C, Lieu TA, et al. Modifiable risk factors for suboptimal control and controller medication underuse among children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2008;122(4):760–769.
- Conn KM, Halterman JS, Fisher SG, Yoos HL, Chin NP, Szilagyi PG. Parental beliefs about medications and medication adherence among urban children with asthma. Ambulatory Pediatrics. 2005;5(5):306–310.
- Yoos HL, Kitzman H, McMullen A. Barriers to anti-inflammatory medication use in childhood asthma. Ambulatory Pediatr. 2003;3(4):181–190.
- Mansour ME, Lanphear BP, DeWitt TG. Barriers to asthma care in urban children: parent perspectives. Pediatrics. 2000;106(3):512–519. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.3.512.
- Bartlett SJ, Krishnan JA, Riekert KA, Butz AM, Malveaux FJ, Rand CS. Maternal depressive symptoms and adherence to therapy in inner-city children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):229–237. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.2.229.
- Bauman LJ, Wright E, Leickly FE, Crain E, Kruszon-Moran D, Wade SL, Visness CM. Relationship of adherence to pediatric asthma morbidity among inner-city children. Pediatrics. 2002;110(1 Pt 1):e6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.1.e6.
- Margolis RHF, Bellin MH, Tsoukleris M, Unick J, Kub J, Butz AM. The relationship between caregiver depressive symptoms and child asthma medication adherence: a multilevel analysis. Soc Work Res. 2020;svaa010. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svaa010.
- Horne R, Weinman J. Patients’ beliefs about prescribed medicines and their role in adherence to treatment in chronic physical illness. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1999; Jan 147(6):555–567.
- Butz AM, Halterman JS, Bellin M, Kub J, Frick KD, Lewis-Land C, Walker J, Donithan M, Tsoukleris M, Bollinger ME, et al. Factors associated with completion of a behavioral intervention for caregivers of urban children with asthma. J Asthma: Off J Assoc Care Asthma. 2012;49(9):977–988.
- Cohen JL, Mann DM, Wisnivesky JP, Horne R, Leventhal H, Musumeci-Szabó TJ, Halm EA. Assessing the validity of self-reported medication adherence among inner-city asthmatic adults: the medication adherence report scale for asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2009; Jan 1103(4):325–331.
- Garcia-Marcos PW, Brand PLP, Kaptein AA, Klok T. Is the MARS questionnaire a reliable measure of medication adherence in childhood asthma? J Asthma: Off J Assoc Care Asthma. 2016;53(10):1085–1089.
- Jochmann A, Artusio L, Jamalzadeh A, Nagakumar P, Delgado-Eckert E, Saglani S, Bush A, Frey U, Fleming LJ. Electronic monitoring of adherence to inhaled corticosteroids: an essential tool in identifying severe asthma in children. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(6):1700910.
- Koster ES, Philbert D, Winters NA, Bouvy ML. Adolescents’ inhaled corticosteroid adherence: the importance of treatment perceptions and medication knowledge. J Asthma. 2015;52(4):431–436.
- Butz AM, Bollinger ME, Ogborn J, Morphew T, Mudd SS, Kub JE, Bellin MH, Lewis-Land C, DePriest K, Tsoukleris M, et al. Children with poorly controlled asthma: randomized controlled trial of a home-based environmental control intervention. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019;54(3):245–256. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24239.
- Koster ES, Raaijmakers JAM, Vijverberg SJH, Maitland-van der Zee A-H. Inhaled corticosteroid adherence in paediatric patients: the PACMAN cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20(10):1064–1072.
- Sob S, Siagat R, Butz A, Bellin M, Tsoukleris M. Optimal MARS-5 cut point selection for identification of caregiver-reported adherence to inhaled corticosteroids. Poster presented at: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Annual Meeting; 2017 Dec 5.
- Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Vollmer WM, Mosen D, Mendoza G, Apter AJ, Stibolt TB, Leong A, Johnson MS, Cook EF, et al. The controller-to-total asthma medication ratio is associated with patient-centered as well as utilization outcomes. Chest. 2006;130(1):43–50.
- Andrews AL, Simpson A, Basco W, Teufel R. Asthma medication ratio predicts emergency department visits and hospitalizations in children with asthma. MMRR. 2013;3(4):E1–10.
- Beck AF, Bradley CL, Huang B, Simmons JM, Heaton PC, Kahn RS. The pharmacy-level asthma medication ratio and population health. Pediatrics. 2015;135(6):1009–1017.
- Muthen B, Muthen L. Mplus. 8th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén; 2017.
- Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2016. (Methodology in the social sciences).
- DiStefano C, Liu J, Jiang N, Shi D. Examination of the weighted root mean square residual: evidence for trustworthiness? Struct Eq Model: A Multidiscip J. 2018;25(3):453–466.
- Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with Mplus. [electronic resource]: basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York & London: Taylor & Francis; 2011. (Multivariate Applications Series).
- IBM Corp. SPSS version 21.0. Armonk, NY; 2012.
- DiStefano C, Zhu M, Mindrila D. Understanding and using factor scores: considerations for the applied researcher. Pract Ass Res Eval. 2009;14(20):1–11.
- Stirratt MJ, Dunbar-Jacob J, Crane HM, Simoni JM, Czajkowski S, Hilliard ME, Aikens JE, Hunter CM, Velligan DI, Huntley K, et al. Self-report measures of medication adherence behavior: recommendations on optimal use. Transl Behav Med. 2015;5(4):470–482. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-015-0315-2.
- Arnold CM, Bixenstine PJ, Cheng TL, Tschudy MM. Concordance among children, caregivers, and clinicians on barriers to controller medication use. J Asthma. 2018;55(12):1352–1361.
- Schatz M. Predictors of asthma control: what can we modify? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(3):263–268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835335ac.
- Bokhour BG, Cohn ES, Cortés DE, Yinusa-Nyahkoon LS, Hook JM, Smith LA, Rand CS, Lieu TA. Patterns of concordance and non-concordance with clinician recommendations and parents' explanatory models in children with asthma. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;70(3):376–385. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2007.11.007.
- Kleinman A. Patients and healers in the context of culture: an exploration of the borderland between anthropology, medicine and psychiatry. [Internet]. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press; 1980. (Comparative studies of health systems and medical care; no. 3).
- Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Educ Q. 1988;15(2):175–183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203.
- Margolis RHF, Bellin MH, Bookman JRM, Collins KS, Bollinger ME, Lewis-Land C, Butz AM. Fostering effective asthma self-management transfer in high-risk children: gaps and opportunities for family engagement. J Pediatr Health Care [Internet]. 2019;33(6):684–693. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891524519301464 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.05.004.
- Al-Hassany L, Kloosterboer SM, Dierckx B, Koch BCP. Assessing methods of measuring medication adherence in chronically ill children-a narrative review. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019;13:1175–1189. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S200058.
- Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(5):487–497. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra050100.
- Lam WY, Fresco P. Medication adherence measures: an overview. BioMed Res Int. 2015;2015:1–12.
- Crocker D, Brown C, Moolenaar R, Moorman J, Bailey C, Mannino D, Holguin F. Racial and ethnic disparities in asthma medication usage and health-care utilization. Chest. 2009;136(4):1063–1071.
- Kub J, Jennings JM, Donithan M, Walker JM, Land CL, Butz A. Life events, chronic stressors, and depressive symptoms in low-income urban mothers with asthmatic children. Public Health Nurs. 2009;26(4):297–306. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00784.x.
- Klok T, Kaptein AA, Duiverman EJ, Brand PL. It's the adherence, stupid (that determines asthma control in preschool children)!. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(3):783–791. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00054613.
- Stingone JA, Claudio L. Components of recommended asthma care and the use of long-term control medication among urban children with asthma. Med Care. 2009;47(9):940–947. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318199300c.
- Sleath B, Carpenter DM, Slota C, Williams D, Tudor G, Yeatts K, Davis S, Ayala GX. Communication during pediatric asthma visits and self-reported asthma medication adherence. Pediatrics. 2012; Oct 1130(4):627–633. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0913.
- Evans-Agnew RA. Asthma management: an ecosocial framework for disparity research. J Health Disparities Res Pract. 2011;5(1):1–19.
- Kuhn C, Groves BK, Kaczor C, Sebastian S, Ramtekkar U, Nowack J, Toth C, Valenti O, Gowda C. Pharmacist involvement in population health management for a pediatric managed medicaid accountable care organization. Children. 2019;6(7):82.