Thymic involution produced by diesel exhaust particles and their constituents in mice

References

• Williams , RL . 1982 . “ Diesel particulate emissions: Composition, concentration, and control ” . In Toxicological effects of emissions from diesel engines , Edited by: Lewtas , J . 15 – 32 . New York : Elsevier Science Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Sjogren , M , Li , H , Banner , C , Rafter , J , Westerholm , R and Rannug , U . 1996 . Influence of physical and chemical characteristics of diesel fuels and exhaust emissions on biological effects of particle extracts: A multivariate statistical analysis of ten diesel fuels . Chem. Res. Toxicol , 9 : 197 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsberg , T , Stenberg , U and Westerholm , R . 1985 . Chemical and biological characterization of organic material from gasoline exhaust particles . Environ. Sci. Technol , 19 : 43 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wislocki , PG , Gadek , KM , Chou , MW , Yang , SK and Lu , AY . 1980 . Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of the 3,4-dihydrodiols and other metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and its hydroxymethyl derivatives . Cancer Res , 40 : 3661 – 3664 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , EC and Miller , JA . 1981 . Searches for ultimate chemical carcinogens and their reactions with cellular macromolecules . Cancer , 47 : 2327 – 2345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , DH and Grover , PL . 1994 . Polycyclic hydrocarbon activation: Bay regions and beyond . Drug. Metab. Rev , 26 : 443 – 467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyata , M , Kudo , G , Lee , YH , Yang , TJ , Gelboin , HV , Fernandez-Salguero , P , Kimura , S and Gonzalez , FJ . 1999 . Targeted disruption of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene . Microsomal epoxide hydrolase is required for the carcinogenic activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. J. Biol. Chem , 274 : 23963 – 23968 .
   Google Scholar
• Shimizu , Y , Nakatsuru , Y , Ichinose , M , Takahashi , Y , Kume , H , Mimura , J , Fujii-Kuriyama , Y and Ishikawa , T . 2000 . Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity is lost in mice lacking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 97 : 779 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsapple , MP , Morris , DL , Wood , SC and Snyder , NK . 1991 . 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced changes in immunocompetence: Possible mechanisms . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol , 31 : 73 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holladay , SD and Smith , BJ . 1995 . Benzo[a]pyrene-induced alterations in total immune cell number and cell-surface antigen expression in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow of B6C3F1 mice . Vet. Human Toxicol , 37 : 99 – 104 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverstone , AE , Frazier , DE , Fiore , NC Jr , Soults , JA and Gasiewicz , TA . 1994 . Dexamethasone, beta-estradiol, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin elicit thymic atrophy through different cellular targets . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 126 : 248 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowska , E , Krzystyniak , K , Drela , N , Grabarczyk , P and Izdebska-Szymona , K . 1996 . Thymus-directed immunotoxicity of airborne dust particles from upper Silesia (Poland) under acute extrapulmonary studies in mice . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 49 : 563 – 579 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fernandez-Salguero , PM , Hilbert , DM , Rudikoff , S , Ward , JM and Gonzalez , FJ . 1996 . Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-deficient mice are resistant to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 140 : 173 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomita , S , Jiang , HB , Ueno , T , Takagi , S , Tohi , K , Maekawa , S , Miyatake , A , Furukawa , A , Gonzalez , FJ , Takeda , J , Ichikawa , Y and Takahama , Y . 2003 . T cell-specific disruption of arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) gene causes resistance to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced thymic involution . J. Immunol , 171 : 4113 – 4120 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fernandez-Salguero , P , Pineau , T , Hilbert , DM , McPhail , T , Lee , SS , Kimura , S , Nebert , DW , Rudikoff , S , Ward , JM and Gonzalez , FJ . 1995 . Immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis in mice lacking the dioxin-binding Ah receptor . Science , 268 : 722 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahama , Y , Ohishi , K , Tokoro , Y , Sugawara , T , Yoshimura , Y , Okabe , M , Kinoshita , T and Takeda , J . 1998 . Functional competence of T cells in the absence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins caused by T cell-specific disruption of the Pig-a gene . Eur. J. Immunol , 28 : 2159 – 2166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayakawa , K , Murahashi , T , Akutsu , K , Kanda , T , Tang , N , Kakimoto , H , Toriba , A and Kizu , R . 2000 . Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne and automobile exhaust particulates . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 20 : 179 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain , AP , Cooper , JE and Stedman , RL . 1969 . Large-scale fraction of cigarette smoke condensate for chemical and biological investigations . Cancer Res , 29 : 579 – 583 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamiya , M , Toriba , A , Onoda , Y , Kizu , R and Hayakawa , K . 2005 . Evaluation of estrogenic activities of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke condensate . Food Chem. Toxicol , 43 : 1017 – 1027 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse , RV , Bolin , LM , Bender , JR and Kyewski , BA . 1988 . Monoclonal antibodies reactive with subsets of mouse and human thymic epithelial cells . J. Histochem. Cytochem , 36 : 1511 – 1517 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gratz , LD , Bagley , ST , Leddy , DG , Johnson , JH , Chiu , C and Stommel , P . 2000 . Interlaboratory comparison of HPLC-fluorescence detection and GC/MS: Analysis of PAH compounds present in diesel exhaust . J. Hazard. Mater , 74 : 37 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lies , KH , Hartung , A , Postulka , A , Gring , H and Schulze , J . 1986 . Composition of diesel exhaust with particular reference to particle bound organics including formation of artifacts . Dev. Toxicol. Environ. Sci , 13 : 65 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silkworth , JB , Lipinskas , T and Stoner , CR . 1995 . Immunosuppressive potential of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found at a Superfund site: New model used to evaluate additive interactions between benzo[a]pyrene and, TCDD . Toxicology , 105 : 375 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conney , AH . 1982 . Induction of microsomal enzymes by foreign chemicals and carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: G . H. A. Clowes Memorial Lecture. Cancer Res , 42 : 4875 – 4917 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelkonen , O and Nebert , DW . 1982 . Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Etiologic role in carcinogenesis . Pharmacol. Rev , 34 : 189 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , PD , Saxena , RK , Saxena , QB , Ma , JKH , Ma , JY , Yin , XJ , Castranova , V , Al-Humadi , N and Lewis , DM . 2004 . Effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on immune responses: Contributions of particulate versus organic soluble components . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 67 : 21 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhao , W and Ramos , KS . 1995 . Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes by benzo[a]pyrene and related aromatic hydrocarbons: Role of Ah receptor-dependent events . Toxicology , 23 : 179 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Nitta , H , Sato , T , Nakai , S , Maeda , K , Aoki , S and Ono , M . 1993 . Respiratory health associated with exposure to automobile exhaust. I. Results of cross-sectional studies in 1979, 1982, and 1983 . Arch. Environ. Health , 48 : 53 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maejima , K , Tamura , K , Taniguchi , Y , Nagase , S and Tanaka , H . 1997 . Comparison of the effects of various fine particles on IgE antibody production in mice inhaling Japanese cedar pollen allergens . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 52 : 231 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English , P , Neutra , R , Scalf , R , Sullivan , M , Waller , L and Zhu , L . 1999 . Examining associations between childhood asthma and traffic flow using a geographic information system . Environ. Health Perspect , 107 : 761 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Sanchez , D , Dotson , AR , Takenaka , H and Saxon , A . 1994 . Diesel exhaust particles induce local IgE production in vivo and alter the pattern of IgE messenger RNA isoforms . J. Clin. Invest , 94 : 1417 – 1425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Sanchez , D , Tsien , A , Fleming , J and Saxon , A . 1997 . Combined diesel exhaust particulate and ragweed allergen challenge markedly enhances human in vivo nasal ragweed-specific IgE and skews cytokine production to a T helper cell 2-type pattern . J. Immunol , 158 : 2406 – 2413 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Sanchez , D , Jyrala , M , Ng , D , Nel , A and Saxon , A . 2000 . In vivo nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles enhances expression of the CC chemokines rantes, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-3 in humans . Clin. Immunol , 97 : 140 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujieda , S , Diaz-Sanchez , D and Saxon , A . 1998 . Combined nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles and allergen induces in vivo IgE isotype switching . Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol , 19 : 507 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Labor . 1998 . MS., and Health Administration. Diesel particulate matter exposure of underground metal and nonmetal miners . Proposal rule. 30 CFR 57. Fed. Reg , 63 : 58104 – 58148 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , HM , Butterworth , L , Munson , AE and Meade , BJ . 2003 . Respiratory exposure to diesel exhaust particles decreases the spleen IgM response to a T cell-dependent antigen in female B6C3F1 mice . Toxicol. Sci , 71 : 207 – 216 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar