395
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Science, Responsibility and Governance

Environmental protection between chemical practice and applied ethics: a critical review

&
Pages 1026-1042 | Received 27 Nov 2014, Accepted 27 Feb 2015, Published online: 01 Apr 2015

References

  • Aftalion, F. 1991. A History of the International Chemical Industry. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Anastas, P., and N. Eghbali. 2010. “Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice.” Chemical Society Reviews 39 (1): 301–312.
  • Arora, A., and N. Rosenberg. 1998. “Chemicals: A U.S. Success Story.” In Chemicals and Long-Term Economic Growth: Insights from the Chemical Industry, edited by A. Arora, R. Landau, and N. Rosenberg, 71–102. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baird, D. 1993. “Analytical Chemistry and the ‘Big' scientific Instrumentation Revolution.” Annals of Science 50 (3): 267–290.
  • Barouki, R., P.D. Gluckman, P. Grandjean, M. Hanson, and J.J. Heindel. 2012. “Developmental Origins of Non-communicable Disease: Implications for Research and Public Health.” Environmental Health 11: 42. Accessed February 17, 2015. http://www.ehjournal.net/content/11/1/42.
  • Bhattacharyya, G. 2010. “Chemistry for the Twenty-First Century: Bringing the ‘Real Word’ into the Lab.” In Making Chemistry Relevant: Strategies for Including All Students in a Learner-Sensitive Classroom Environment, edited by S. Basu-Dutt, 97–106. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Beck, U. 1992. The Risk Society, Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage. (Original German publication, 1986).
  • Bok, D. 2010. “Converging for Diversity and Democracy: A Higher Education.” In Higher Education for Modern Societies: Competences and Values, edited by S. Bergan and R. Damian, 19–28. ( Council for Europe Higher Education Series No. 15). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • BRS (Secretariat of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions). 2014. “BRS Gender Action Plan.” Accessed February 16, 2015. http://synergies.pops.int/Portals/4/download.aspx?d=UNEP-FAO-CHW-RC-POPS-SEC-REP-BRS-GAP-draft.English.pdf.
  • Brundtland, G.H. 1987. Our Common Future, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. New York: World Commission on Environment and Development.
  • Callicott, J.B., and F.J. Da Rocha. 1996. Earth Summit Ethics: Toward a Reconstructive Postmodern Philosophy of Environmental Education. Albany: SUNY Press.
  • Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Cavani, F., G. Centi, and S. Perathoner. 2009. Sustainable Industrial Chemistry: Principles, Tools and Industrial Examples. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • CEFIC (The European Chemical Industry Council). 2013. Facts and Figures 2013, the European Chemical Industry in a Worldwide Perspective. Brussels: CEFIC. Accessed November 24, 2014. http://www.cefic.org/Facts-and-Figures/.
  • Colten, C.E. 1994. “Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900–1960.” Environmental History Review 18 (1): 85–116.
  • Commoner, B. 1971. The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology. New York: Knopf.
  • Crutzen, P.J. 1974. “Estimates of Possible Future Ozone Reductions from Continued Use of Fluoro-Chloro-Methanes (CF2Cl2, CFCl3).” Geophysical Research Letters 1 (5): 205–208.
  • Dondi, F., and F. Moser. 2014. “University and the Risk Society.” Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 1–16. doi:10.1080/02772248.2014.968160.
  • Doxsee, K.M., and J.E. Hutchison. 2004. Green Organic Chemistry: Strategies, Tools, and Laboratory Experiments. Monterey, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
  • Dunlap, T.R. 1981. DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • EC (European Commission). 2007. “ OJ – Official Journal of the European Union. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 Concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), Establishing a European Chemicals Agency, Amending Directive 1999/45/EC and Repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC, L 136/3.” Accessed May 8, 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02006R1907-20140410&qid=1399531592169&from=EN.
  • EC (European Commission). 2012. “Evaluation of the Impact of the REACH Regulation on the Innovativeness of the EU Chemical Industry.” Accessed February 16, 2015. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/dg/files/evaluation/final-report-reach-june-2012_en.pdf.
  • Ernst, R.R. 2003. “The Responsibility of Scientists: A European View.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 42 (47): 4434–4439.
  • Ernst, R.R. 2007a. “La Rotta versa un Mondo Migliore. Parte 1: Sagezza, Compassione e Responsibilità Personale.” La Chimica e l'Industria 7: 154–161.
  • Ernst, R.R. 2007b. “La Rotta versa un Mondo Migliore. Parte 2: L'attuale Situazione nel Mondo e la Responsibilità delle Università.” La Chimica e l'Industria 9: 116–123.
  • EuCheMS (European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences). 2014. “Working Party on Ethics in Chemistry.” Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.euchems.eu/divisions/ethics-in-chemistry.html.
  • Frank, H., L. Campanella, F. Dondi, J. Mehlich, E. Leitner, G. Rossi, K. Ndjoko Ioset, and G. Bringmann. 2011. “Ethics, Chemistry, and Education for Sustainability.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50 (37): 8482–8490.
  • GEF (Global Environment Facility). 2014. “GEF Policy on Gender Mainstreaming.” Accessed February 16, 2015. http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/PL.SD_.02.Policy_on_Gender_Mainstreaming.05012012.Final_.pdf.
  • Hartley, N., and C. Wood. 2005. “Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment – Implementing the Aarhus Convention.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review 25 (4): 319–340. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2004.12.002.
  • Hays, S.P., and B.D. Hays. 1989. Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955–1985. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hoffmann, R. 1990. “Chemistry, Democracy, and a Response to the Environment.” Chemical and Engineering News 68 (17): 25–29.
  • Jakl, T., R. Joas, R. Nolte, R. Schott, and A. Windsperger. 2004. Chemical Leasing: An Intelligent and Integrated Business Model with a View to Sustainable Development in Materials Management. Vienna: Springer.
  • Jonas, H. 1984. The Imperative of Responsibility: In the Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original German edition, 1979).
  • Kovac, J. 2003. The Ethical Chemist: Professionalism and Ethics in Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Kovac, J., and M. Weisberg. 2011. Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • KrW-/AbfG (Gesetz zur Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft und Sicherung der umweltverträglichen Bewirtschaftung von Abfällen). 2012. Accessed August 27, 2014. http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/krwg/index.html.
  • Landau, R. 1994. Uncaging Animal Spirits: Essays on Engineering, Entrepreneurship, and Economics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Landau, R., and N. Rosenberg. 1992. “Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industries.” In Technology and the Wealth of Nations, edited by N. Rosenberg, R. Landau, and D. Mowery, 74–119. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Landes, D.S. 2003. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Løkke, S. 2006. “The Precautionary Principle and Chemicals Regulation: Past Achievements and Future Possibilities.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 13 (5): 342–349.
  • Lovelock, J.E. 1958. “A Sensitive Detector for Gas Chromatography.” Journal of Chromatography A 1: 35–46.
  • Lovelock, J.E. 1979. Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lozano, R., Carpenter, A., and Satric, V. 2013. “Fostering Green Chemistry Through a Collaborative Business Model: A Chemical Leasing Case Study from Serbia.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 78: 136–144.
  • MDGs (Millennium Development Goals). 2000. Accessed August 27, 2014. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml.
  • Meadows, D.H., D.L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W.W. Behrens III. 1972. The Limits to Growth. New York: Universe Books.
  • Middlecamp, C.H., T. Jordan, A.M. Shachter, K. Kashmanian Oates, and S. Lottridge. 2006. “Chemistry, Society, and Civic Engagement (Part 1): The SENCER Project.” Journal of Chemical Education 83 (9): 1301–1307.
  • Morin, E. 1999. Seven Complex Lessons in Education for the Future. Paris: UNESCO. Accessed June 14, 2014. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001177/117740eo.pdf.
  • Moser, F., and Dondi, F. 2012. “On the Road to Rio+ 20: The Evolution of Environmental Ethics for a Safer World.” Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 94 (5): 807–813.
  • Murmann, J.P., and R. Landau. 1998. “On the Making of Competitive Advantage: The Development of Chemical Industries in Britain and Germany Since 1850.” In Chemicals and Long-Term Economic Growth: Insights from the Chemical Industry, edited by A. Arora, R. Landau, and N. Rosenberg, 27–70. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Obadia, I. 2003. “ILO Activities in the Area of Chemical Safety.” Toxicology 190: 105–115.
  • Ohl, C., and F. Moser. 2007. “Chemical Leasing Business Models – a Contribution to the Effective Risk Management of Chemical Substances.” Risk Analysis 27 (4): 999–1007.
  • Ohl, C., and F. Moser. 2008. “Chemical Leasing Business Models – an Innovative Approach to Manage Asymmetric Information Regarding the Properties of Chemical Substances.” In Chemical Leasing Goes Global, edited by T. Jakl and P. Schwager, 143–156. Vienna: Springer.
  • Perthen-Palmisano, B., and T. Jakl. 2005. “Chemical Leasing-Cooperative Business Models for Sustainable Chemicals Management-Summary of Research Projects Commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 12 (1): 49–53.
  • Prigogine, I., and I. Stengers. 1984. Order out of Chaos. New York: Bantam Press.
  • Responsible Care. 2014. Accessed June 18, 2014. http://www.icca-chem.org/en/Home/Responsible-care/.
  • Rogers, M.D. 2003. “Risk Analysis Under Uncertainty, the Precautionary Principle, and the New EU Chemicals Strategy.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 37 (3): 370–381.
  • RoHS (Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment). 2011. Accessed August 27, 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1399998664957&uri=CELEX:02011L0065-20140129.
  • Rome, A. 2003. “‘Give Earth a Chance’: The Environmental Movement and the Sixties.” The Journal of American History 90 (2): 525–554.
  • Rowland, F.S., and Molina, M.J. 1975. “Chlorofluoromethanes in the Environment.” Reviews of Geophysics 13 (1): 1–35.
  • Rozman, K.K., and J.J. Doull. 2001. “Paracelsus, Haber and Arndt.” Toxicology 160 (1–3): 191–196.
  • Schwager, P., and F. Moser. 2006. “The Application of Chemical Leasing Business Models in Mexico.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 13 (2): 131–137.
  • Selin, H. and S.D. VanDeveer. 2006. “Raising Global Standards: Hazardous Substances and E-Waste Management in the European Union.” Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 48: 7–18.
  • SENCER (Science Education for New Civic Engagements and Responsibilities). 2014. Accessed June 18, 2014. http://www.sencer.net.
  • Shrader-Frechette, K. 1991. Risk and Rationality: Philosophical Foundations for Populist Reforms. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Shrader-Frechette, K. 1994. Ethics in Scientific Research. Boston, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Shrader-Frechette, K. 2010. “Analyzing Public Participation in Risk Analysis: How the Wolves of Environmental Injustice Hide in the Sheep's Clothing of Science.” Environmental Justice 3 (4): 119–123.
  • Shrader-Frechette, K. 2012. “Taking Action on Developmental Toxicity: Scientists' Duties to Protect Children.” Environmental Health 11: 61. Accessed February 17, 2015. http://www.ehjournal.net/content/11/1/61.
  • Shrader-Frechette, K. 2014. Tainted: How Philosophy of Science Can Expose Bad Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Smith, J.K. 2000. “Turning Silk Purses into Sows' Ears: Environmental History and the Chemical Industry.” Enterprise and Society 1 (4): 785–812.
  • Stine, J.K., and J.A. Tarr. 1998. “At the Intersection of Histories: Technology and the Environment.” Technology and Culture 39 (4): 601–640.
  • Strydom, P. 2002. Risk, Environment and Society – Ongoing Debates, Current Issues and Future Prospects. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). 2014. Accessed September 7, 2014. http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300.
  • Trapp, R. 2008. “The Duality of Chemistry: Chemistry for Peaceful Purposes Versus Chemical Weapons.” Pure and Applied Chemistry 80: 1763–1772.
  • UNCED (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development). 1992. “UNCED: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.” Declaration adopted at the UNCED, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 3–14.
  • UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2011. “Enhancing Cooperation and Coordination Among the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions, Synergies Success Stories.” UNDESA, Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention, UNEP, FAO.
  • UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2011. “Chemicals and Gender.” Accessed February 16, 2015. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy/chemicals_management/chemicals-and-gender.html.
  • UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). 2011. Chemical Leasing: A Global Success Story. Innovative Business Approaches for Sound and Efficient Chemicals Management. Vienna: UNIDO.
  • Vogel, D. 1997. Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Weber, L., and J.J. Duderstadt. 2012. Global Sustainability and the Responsibility of Universities. Paris: Economica.
  • WEEE (Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment). 2003. Accessed August 27, 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32002L0096.
  • WSSD (World Summit on Sustainable Development). 2002. “Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.” Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/documents/summit_docs/2309_planfinal.htm.
  • Worster, D. 1994. Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.