References
- Al-Ashban, R.M., M. Aslam, and A.H. Shah. 2004. “Kohl (Surma): A Toxic Traditional Eye Cosmetic Study in Saudi Arabia.” Public Health 118: 292–298.
- Al-Kaff, A., A. Al-Rajhi, K. Tabbora, and A. El-Yazigi. 1993. “Kohl – the Traditional Eyeliner: Use and Analysis.” Annals of Saudi Medicine 13: 26–30.
- Al-Khayat, A., N.S. Menon, and M.R. Alidina. 1997. “Acute Lead Encephalopathy in Early Infancy–Clinical Presentation and Outcome.” Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 17: 39–44.
- Al-Saleh, I., and L. Coat. 2005. “Lead Exposure in Saudi Arabia from the Use of Traditional Cosmetics and Medical Remedies.” Environmental Geochemistry and Health 17: 29–31.
- Al-Qutb, M.A., H.M. Alatrash, and S. Abol-Ola. 2013. “Determination of Different Heavy Metals Concentration in Cosmetics Purchased from the Palestinian Markets by ICP/MS.” Advances in Environmental Sciences–Bioflux 5: 287–293.
- Beaman, D.R., and L.F. Solosky. 1972. “Accuracy of Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis with Energy Dispersive Spectrometers.” Analytical Chemistry 44: 1598–1610.
- Bernth, N., O.C. Hansen, S.F. Hansen, and E. Pedersen. 2005. Survey of Chemical Substances in Kohl and Henna Products. Copenhagen: Danish EPA.
- Borowska, S., and M.M. Brzóska. 2015. “Metals in Cosmetics: Implications for Human Health.” Journal of Applied Toxicology 35: 551–572.
- Cartwright-Jones, C. 2005. Introduction to Harquus: Part 2: Kohl as Traditional Women's Adornment in North Africa and the Middle East. Stow, OH: Tap Dancing Lizard Publications.
- CFR. 2005. The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America. Subpart C – cosmetics: CFR 74.2052 – D&C Black No. 2. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
- El-Shafey, E.I., H. Al-Lawati, and A.S. Al-Sumri. 2012. “Ciprofloxacin Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Chemically Prepared Carbon from Date Palm Leaflets.” Journal of Environmental Sciences 24: 1579–1586.
- Ghazanfar, S.A., and M. Fisher. 2013. Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula. Vol. 25. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media.
- Haddadin, M.A., and C. Zachariah. 1987. Minerals of Oman. Muscat: Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals.
- Hardy, A.D., A.J. Farrant, G. Rollinson, P. Brass, and R. Vaishnav. 2008. “A Study of the Chemical Composition of Traditional Eye Cosmetics (‘Kohls’) Used in Qatar and Yemen.” Journal of Cosmetic Science 59: 399–418.
- Hardy, A.D., H.H. Sutherland, and R. Vaishnav. 2002. “A Study of the Composition of Some Eye Cosmetics (Kohls) Used in the United Arab Emirates.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 80: 137–145.
- Hardy, A.D., R. Vaishnav, S.S.Z. Al-Kharusi, H.H. Sutherland, and M. A. Worthing. 1998. “Composition of Eye Cosmetics (Kohls) Used in Oman.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 60: 223–234.
- Hardy, A.D., R.I. Walton, K.A. Myers, and R.C. Vaishnav. 2006. “Availability and Chemical Composition of Traditional Eye Cosmetics (Kohls) Used in the United Arab Emirates of Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah, and Fujairah.” Journal of Cosmetic Science 57: 107–125.
- Hardy, A.D., R.I. Walton, and R. Vaishnav. 2004. “Composition of Eye Cosmetics (Kohls) Used in Cairo.” International Journal of Environmental Health Research 14: 83–91.
- Health Canada. 2012. “Consumer Product Safety: Guidance on Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics.” HC-SC (Health Canada-Santé Canada). A ccessed 27 August 2015. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pubs/indust/heavy_metals-metaux_lourds/index-eng.php
- IARC. 2010. “Carbon Black, Titanium Dioxide and Talc.” Vol. 93 of IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 43–191.
- Jenkins, R. 2000. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry: X‐Ray Techniques: Overview. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Khan, K., A. Saeed, and M.T. Alam. 1997. Indusyunic Medicine, Traditional Medicine of Herbal, Animal and Mineral Origin in Pakistan. Karachi, Pakistan: BCC&T Press, University of Karachi.
- Mahmood, Z.A., S.M.S. Zoha, K. Usmaghani, M.M. Hasan, O. Ali, S. Jahan, A. Saeed, R. Zahid, and M. Zubair. 2009. “Kohl (Surma): Retrospect and Prospect.” Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 22: 107–122.
- Nnorom, I.C., J.C. Igwe, and G.G. Oji-Nnorom. 2005. “Trace Metal Contents of Facial (Make-Up) Cosmetics Commonly Used in Nigeria.” African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 1133–1138.
- PACI-Oman. 2009. Omani Crafts: Documentary. Sultanate of Oman: Public Authority for Craft Industries, Muscat, Oman. http://www.paci.gov.om/Books/book1.pdf
- Reed, S.J.B., and N.G. Ware. 1973. “Quantitative Electron Microprobe Analysis Using a Lithium Drifted Silicon Detector.” X-ray Spectrometry 2: 69–74.
- Richardson, N., and M. Dorr. 2003. The Craft Heritage of Oman. Vol. 2. Dubai: Motivate Publishing.
- Statham, P.J. 2002. “Limitations to Accuracy in Extracting Characteristic Line Intensities from X-ray Spectra.” Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 107: 531–546.
- Sweha, F. 1982. “Kohl Along History in Medicine and Cosmetics.” Histoire des Sciences Médicales 17: 182–183.
- Tabbara, K.F., and P.M. Al-Omar. 1997. “Trachoma in Saudi Arabia.” Ophthalmic Epidemiology 4: 127–40.
- Timms, P.M., and A.M. Bold. 2000. “Alternative Medicines Elevate Blood Leads in Omani Children Referred for Extensive Investigation.” Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 46: 241–242.
- Vaishnav, R. 2001. “An Example of the Toxic Potential of Traditional Eye Cosmetics.” Indian Journal of Pharmacology 33: 46–48.
- Zakari, I.Y., A.M. Sadiq, R. Nasiru, and U. Sadiq. 2014. “Radiological and Toxic Assessment of Nigerian Kohl as Cosmetic Compared with Imported Kohl Cosmetics.” Research Journal of Applied Science Engineering and Technology 7: 2970–2975.