Histological changes in the reproductive system of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke or electronic cigarette vapor

References

• Aydos, K., M. C. Güven, B. Can, and A. Ergün. 2001. “Nicotine Toxicity to the Ultrastructure of the Testis in Rats.” BJU International 88 (6): 622–626. doi:10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.02384.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieniek, J. M., and K. C. Lo. 2016. “Recent Advances in Understanding & Managing Male Infertility.” F1000Research 5: 2756. doi:10.12688/f1000research.9375.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Budin, S. B., J. H. Kho, J. H. Lee, A. Ramalingam, F. F. Jubaidi, E. S. Latif, S. Zainalabidin, I. S. Taib, and J. Mohamed. 2017. “Low-Dose Nicotine Exposure Induced the Oxidative Damage of Reproductive Organs and Altered the Sperm Characteristics of Adolescent Male Rats.” Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 24 (6): 50–57. doi:10.21315/mjms2017.24.6.6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comhaire, F. H., W. Vandenberghe, and W. Decleer. 2017. “External Factors Affecting Fertility, and How to Correct Their Impact.” Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn 9 (4): 217–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condorelli, R. A., S. La Vignera, Y. Duca, G. N. Zanghi, and A. E. Calogero. 2018. “Nicotine Receptors as a Possible Marker for Smoking-Related Sperm Damage.” Protein & Peptide Letters 25 (5): 451–454. doi:10.2174/0929866525666180412154546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condorelli, R. A., S. La Vignera, F. Giacone, L. Iacoviello, L. M. Mongioì, G. Li Volti, I. Barbagallo, R. Avola, and A. E. Calogero. 2017. “Nicotine Effects and Receptor Expression on Human Spermatozoa: Possible Neuroendocrine Mechanism.” Frontiers in Physiology 8: 177. doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby, K., J. Simendinger, C. Grange, M. Ferrante, T. Bernier, and C. Standen. 2014. “Immunohistochemistry Protocol for Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections – ADVERTISEMENT.” Journal of Visualized Experiments 86: e50641–6. https://www.jove.com/video/5064
   Google Scholar
• Cui, X., X. Jing, X. Wu, Z. Wang, and Q. Li. 2016. “Potential Effect of Smoking on Semen Quality Through DNA Damage and the Downregulation of Chk1 in Sperm.” Molecular Medicine Reports 14 (1): 753–761. doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter, J. F., and T. Eissenberg. 2015. “Dependence Levels in Users of Electronic Cigarettes, Nicotine Gums and Tobacco Cigarettes.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 147: 68–75. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon, I. M., A. C. Eldridge, N. Gale, M. McEwan, M. F. Stiles, and E. K. Round. 2018. “Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of Electronic Cigarettes: A Review of the Literature.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 100: 25–34. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaffari, M. A., and M. Rostami. 2012. “Lipid Peroxidation and Nitric Oxide Levels in Male Smokers’ Spermatozoa and their Relation with Sperm Motility.” Journal of Reproduction & Infertility 13 (2): 81–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hernández-Morera, P., I. Castaño-González, C. M. Travieso-González, B. Mompeó-Corredera, and F. Ortega-Santana. 2016. “Quantification and Statistical Analysis Methods for Vessel Wall Components from Stained Images with Masson’s Trichrome.” PLoS One 11 (1): e0146954. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalili, C., M. Z. Salahshoor, M. T. Moradi, M. Ahookhash, M. Taghadosi, and M. Sohrabi. 2017. “Expression Changes of Apoptotic Genes in Tissues from Mice Exposed to Nicotine.” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP 18 (1): 239–244. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalkhoran, S., and S. A. Glantz. 2016. “E-Cigarettes and Smoking Cessation in Real-World and Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 4 (2): 116–128. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00521-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., W. Lu, S. Liao, Z. Deng, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, and W. Lu. 2018. “Efficiency and Adverse Events of Electronic Cigarettes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-Compliant Article).” Medicine 97 (19): e0324. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, G. A. 2014. “Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11 (11): 11177–11191. doi:10.3390/ijerph111111177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotti, F., and M. Maggi. 2018. “Sexual Dysfunction and Male Infertility.” Nature Reviews Urology 15 (5): 287–307. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2018.20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillen, R., S. Tanski, K. Wilson, J. D. Klein, and J. P. Winickoff. 2018. “Adolescent Use of Different E-Cigarette Products.” Pediatrics 142 (4): e20180260. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-0260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRobbie, H., C. Bullen, J. Hartmann-Boyce, and P. Hajek. 2014. “Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation and Reduction.” The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (12): CD010216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meo, S. A., and S. A. Al Asiri. 2014. “Effects of Electronic Cigarette Smoking on Human Health.” European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 18 (21): 3315–3319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mima, M.,. D. Greenwald, and S. Ohlander. 2018. “Environmental Toxins and Male Fertility.” Current Urology Reports 19 (7): 50. doi:10.1007/s11934-018-0804-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed, D. A., and S. A. Abdelrahman. 2018. “The Possible Protective Role of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on Testicular and Epididymal Structure and Sperm Parameters in Nicotine-Treated Adult Rats (a Histological and Biochemical Study).” Cell and Tissue Research 375 : 543–558. doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2909-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosadegh, M., S. Hasanzadeh, and M. Razi. 2017. “Nicotine-Induced Damages in Testicular Tissue of Rats; Evidences for Bcl-2, P53 and Caspase-3 Expression.” Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 20 (2): 199–208. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2017.8249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyeyipo, I. P., Y. Raji, and A. F. Bolarinwa. 2013. “Nicotine Alters Male Reproductive Hormones in Male Albino Rats: The Role of Cessation.” Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences 6 (1): 40–44. doi:10.4103/0974-1208.112380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oyeyipo, I. P., Y. Raji, and A. F. Bolarinwa. 2014. “Nicotine Alters Serum Antioxidant Profile in Male Albino Rats.” North American Journal of Medical Sciences 6 (4): 168–171. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.131240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozawa, A., and M. Sakaue. 2020. “New Decolorization Method Produces More Information from Tissue Sections Stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain and Masson-Trichrome Stain.” Annals of Anatomy – Anatomischer Anzeiger 227: 151431. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas, R. S. 2012. “Toxic Elements in Tobacco and in Cigarette Smoke. WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. Report on the Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation: Fourth Report of a WHO Study Group.” WHO Technical Report Series 967: 37–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond, S. A., I. Pike, J. L. Maguire, and A. Macpherson. 2018. “E-Cigarettes: A New Hazard for Children and Adolescents.” Paediatrics & Child Health 23 (4): 255–259. doi:10.1093/pch/pxx204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabeti, P., S. Pourmasumi, T. Rahiminia, F. Akyash, and A. R. Talebi. 2016. “Etiologies of Sperm Oxidative Stress.” International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine 14 (4): 231–240. doi:10.29252/ijrm.14.4.231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapra, K. J., D. B. Barr, J. M. Maisog, R. Sundaram, and G. M. Buck Louis. 2016. “Time-to-Pregnancy Associated with Couples’ Use of Tobacco Products.” Nicotine & Tobacco Research 18 (11): 2154–2161. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, R., A. Harlev, A. Agarwal, and S. C. Esteves. 2016. “Cigarette Smoking and Semen Quality: A New Meta-Analysis Examining the Effect of the 2010 World Health Organization Laboratory Methods for the Examination of Human Semen.” European Urology 70 (4): 635–645. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.04.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. M., and W. W. Vale. 2006. “The Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Neuroendocrine Responses to Stress.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 8 (4): 383–395.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tayyarah, R., and G. A. Long. 2014. “Comparison of Select Analytes in Aerosol from e-Cigarettes with Smoke from Conventional Cigarettes and with Ambient Air.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 70 (3): 704–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Totonchi, H., B. Miladpour, Z. Mostafavi-Pour, F. Khademi, M. Kasraeian, and F. Zal. 2016. “Quantitative Analysis of Expression Level of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors and VEGF Genes in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells after Treatment with Nicotine.” Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 26 (8): 595–600. doi:10.1080/15376516.2016.1218578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdes-Socin, H., L. Vroonen, B. Latta, D. Betea, P. Petrossians, V. Geenen, and A. Beckers. 2010. “The Endocrine Effects of Smoking.” Revue Medicale De Liege 65 (9): 498–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varghese, F., A. B. Bukhari, R. Malhotra, and A. De. 2014. “IHC Profiler: An Open Source Plugin for the Quantitative Evaluation and Automated Scoring of Immunohistochemistry Images of Human Tissue Samples.” PloS One 9 (5): e96801. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walele, T., J. Bush, A. Koch, R. Savioz, C. Martin, and G. O'Connell. 2018. “Evaluation of the Safety Profile of an Electronic Vapour Product Used for Two Years by Smokers in a Real-Life Setting.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 92 (February): 226–238. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wawryk-Gawda, E., K. Chłapek, M. K. Zarobkiewicz, M. Lis-Sochocka, P. Chylińska-Wrzos, A. Boguszewska-Czubara, M. A. Sławiński, A. Franczak, B. Jodłowska-Jędrych, and G. Biała. 2018. “CB2R Agonist Prevents Nicotine Induced Lung Fibrosis.” Experimental Lung Research 44 (7): 344–351. doi:10.1080/01902148.2018.1543368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyck, S., C. Herrera, C. E. Requena, L. Bittner, P. Hajkova, H. Bollwein, and R. Santoro. 2018. “Oxidative Stress in Sperm Affects the Epigenetic Reprogramming in Early Embryonic Development.” Epigenetics & Chromatin 11 (1): 60. doi:10.1186/s13072-018-0224-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarobkiewicz, M. K., E. Wawryk-Gawda, M. M. Woźniakowski, M. A. Sławiński, and B. Jodłowska-Jędrych. 2016. “Tobacco Smokers and Electronic Cigarettes Users among Polish Universities Students.” Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 67 (1): 75–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao, J., J. Y. Y. Leung, S. L. Lin, and C. M. Schooling. 2016. “Cigarette Smoking and Testosterone in Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.” Preventive Medicine 85 (April): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar