Occurrence and spatial distribution of metals and arsenic in groundwater sources of Punjab (India), and their health risk assessment

References

• Abdul, R. M., L. Mutnuri, P. J. Dattatreya, and D. A. Mohan. 2012. “Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Using ICP-MS and Microbiological Methods in the Bholakpur Area, Hyderabad, India.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184 (3): 1581–1592. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2062-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayedun, H., A. M. Gbadebo, O. A. Idowu, and T. A. Arowolo. 2015. “Toxic Elements in Groundwater of Lagos and Ogun States, Southwest, Nigeria and Their Human Health Risk Assessment.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187 (6): 351. doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4319-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedi, J. S., J. P. S. Gill, R. S. Aulakh, and P. Kaur. 2015. “Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab, India: Spatial Variation and Risk Assessment to Human Health.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 69 (2): 230–240. doi:10.1007/s00244-015-0163-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick, S., B. Nath, D. Halder, A. Biswas, S. Majumder, P. Mondal, S. Chakraborty, et al. 2013. “Arsenic Mobilization in the Aquifers of Three Physiographic Settings of West Bengal, India: Understanding Geogenic and Anthropogenic Influences.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 262: 915–923. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortey-Sam, N., S. M. Nakayama, Y. Ikenaka, O. Akoto, E. Baidoo, H. Mizukawa, and M. Ishizuka. 2015. “Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloid in Drinking Water from Communities near Gold Mines in Tarkwa, Ghana.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187 (7): 397. doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4630-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). 2009. Arsenic. Retrieved 25 October 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/pdf/Arsenic_FactSheet.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborti, D., M. M. Rahman, A. Mukherjee, M. Alauddin, M. Hassan, R. N. Dutta, S. Pati, et al. 2015. “Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh-21 Years of research.” Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 31: 237–248. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defo, C., B. P. K. Yerima, I. M. K. Noumsi, and N. Bemmo. 2015. “Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater in an Urban Watershed of Yaoundé (Cameroon-West Africa).” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187 (3): 77. doi:10.1007/s10661-015-/4292-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO/WHO (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 1993. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants: Forty-First Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report, Series No. 837. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., S. Qi, J. Zhang, L. Tan, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and D. Yuan. 2011. “Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides Contamination in Underground Rivers in Chongqing, Southwest China.” Journal of Geochemical Exploration 111 (1–2): 47–55. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hundal, H. S., K. Singh, and D. Singh. 2009. “Arsenic Content in Ground and Canal Waters of Punjab, North-West India.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 154 (1–4): 393–400. doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0406-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1987. “Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs.” International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France 1–42 (Suppl 7): 100–106.
   Google Scholar
• Jain, C. K., S. K. Sharma, and S. Singh. 2018. “Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Hydrogeological Mechanisms in Groundwater with Special Reference to Arsenic Contamination in Barpeta District, Assam (India).” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190 (7): 417. doi:10.1007/s10661-018-6781-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jan, F. Akbar, M. Ishaq, S. Khan, I. Ihsanullah, I. Ahmad, and M. Shakirullah. 2010. “A Comparative Study of Human Health via Consumption of Food Crops Grown on Wastewater Irrigated Soil (Peshawar) and Relatively Clean Water Irrigated Soil (Lower Dir).” Journal of Hazardous Materials 179 (1–3): 612–621. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur, T., R. Bhardwaj, and S. Arora. 2017. “Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes Using Hydrochemical Studies in Malwa Region, Southwestern Part of Punjab.” Applied Water Science 7 (6): 3301–3316. doi:10.1007/s13201-016-0476-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalequzzaman, M., F. S. Faruque, and A. K. Mitra. 2005. “Assessment of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater and Health Problems in Bangladesh.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2 (2): 204–213. doi:10.3390/ijerph2005020002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khatri, N., and S. Tyagi. 2015. “Influences of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on Surface and Groundwater Quality in Rural and Urban Areas.” Frontiers in Life Science 8 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1080/21553769.2014.933716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishna, A. K., and K. R. Mohan. 2014. “Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Their Source Distribution in Waters of a Contaminated Industrial Site.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 21 (5): 3653–3669. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2359-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, H., J. Lee, H. Chon, and M. Sager. 2008. “Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment in the Vicinity of the Abandoned Songcheon Au–Ag Mine in Korea.” Journal of Geochemical Exploration 96 (2–3): 223–230. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor, S., K. Ravindra, R. P. Dahiya, and A. Chandra. 2006. “Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 118 (1–3): 435–456. doi:10.1007/s10661-006-1505-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickson, R., C. Sengupta, P. Mitra, S. N. Dave, A. K. Banerjee, A. Bhattacharya, S. Basu, et al. 2007. “Current Knowledge on the Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater in Five States of India.” Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 42 (12): 1707–1718. doi:10.1080/10934520701564194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning, Z., D. T. Lobdell, R. K. Kwok, Z. Liu, S. Zhang, C. Ma, M. Riediker, and J. L. Mumford. 2007. “Residential Exposure to Drinking Water Arsenic in Inner Mongolia, China.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 222 (3): 351–356. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, N., T. Subramani, and L. Elango. 2012. “Impact of Leachate on Groundwater Pollution Due to Non-Engineered Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites of Erode City, Tamil Nadu, India.” Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 9: 35. doi:10.1186/1735-2746-9-35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roychowdhury, T., H. Tokunaga, and M. Ando. 2003. “Survey of Arsenic and Metals in Food Composites and Drinking Water and Estimation of Dietary Intake by the Villagers from an Arsenic Affected Area of West Bengal, India.” The Science of the Total Environment 308 (1–3): 15–35. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00612-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekhon, G. S., and B. Singh. 2013. “Estimation of Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Patiala District of Punjab.” Earth Resources 1 (1): 1–4. doi:10.12966/er.05.01.2013.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, S., J. Kaur, A. K. Nagpal, and I. Kaur. 2016. “Quantitative Assessment of Possible Human Health Risk Associated with Consumption of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater and Wheat Grains from Ropar Wetand and Its Environs.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188 (9): 506. doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5507-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, C. M., A. P. Singh, P. Raha, and D. Kumar. 2010. “Arsenic Contamination and Its Management.” International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 3 (2): 175–177.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, G., and R. K. Kamal. 2017. “Heavy Metal Contamination and Its Indexing Approach for Groundwater of Goa Mining Region.” Applied Water Science 7 (3): 1479–1485. doi:10.1007/s13201-016-0430-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, U. V., A. Abhishek, K. P. Singh, R. Dhakate, and N. P. Singh. 2014. “Groundwater Quality Appraisal and Its Hydrochemical Characterization in Ghaziabad (a Region of Indo-Gangetic Plain), Uttar Pradesh, India.” Applied Water Science 4 (2): 145–157. doi:10.1007/s13201-013-0137-7.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (Volume I) Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A) Interim Final. EPA/540/l − 89/002. Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2017. Integrated Risk Information System. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/iris
   Google Scholar
• Varghese, J., and D. S. Jaya. 2014. “Metal Pollution of Groundwater in the Vicinity of Valiathura Sewage Farm in Kerala, South India.” Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 93 (6): 694–698. doi:10.1007/s00128-014-1410-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vongdala, N., H. Tran, T. D. Xuan, R. Teschke, and T. D. Khanh. 2019. “Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Soil, and Plants of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Vientiane, Laos.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (1): 22. doi:10.3390/ijerph16010022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2011. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (4th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Wongsasuluk, P., S. Chotpantarat, W. Siriwong, and M. Robson. 2014. “Heavy Metal Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water from Shallow Groundwater Wells in an Agricultural Area in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand.” Environmental Geochemistry and Health 36 (1): 169–182. doi:10.1007/s10653-013-9537-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank Report 2018. World Bank Board Approves $450 Million to Improve Groundwater Management in Select States of India. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/06/05/world-bank-board-approves-usd450-million-improve-groundwater-management-select-states-india
   Google Scholar