732
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Softwood Lignin-Based Carbon Fibers

, , , , &

References

  • Foston , M. , Nunnery , G. A. , Meng , X. Z. , Sun , Q. N. , Baker , F. S. and Ragauskas , A. NMR . 2013 . A critical tool to study the production of carbon fiber from lignin . Carbon. , 52 : 65 – 73 .
  • Otani , S. , Fukuoka , Y. , Igarashi , B. and Sasaki , K. 1969 . Method for producing carbonized lignin fiber , 3461082 US Patent .
  • Sudo , K. and Shimizu , K. 1992 . A new carbon fiber from lignin . J. Appl. Polym. Sci , 44 ( 1 ) : 127 – 134 .
  • Sudo , K. , Shimizu , K. , Nakashima , N. and Yokoyama , A. 1993 . A new modification method of exploded lignin for the preparation of a carbon fiber precursor . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 48 ( 8 ) : 1485 – 1491 .
  • Uraki , Y. , Kubo , S. , Nigo , N. , Sano , Y. and Sasaya , T. 1995 . Preparation of carbon fibers from organosolv lignin obtained by aqueous acetic acid pulping . Holzforschung , 49 ( 4 ) : 343 – 350 .
  • Kubo , S. , Uraki , Y. and Sano , Y. 1998 . Preparation of carbon fibers from softwood lignin by atmospheric acetic acid pulping . Carbon , 36 ( 7–8 ) : 1119 – 1124 .
  • Kadla , J. F. , Kubo , S. , Venditti , R. A. , Gilbert , R. D. , Compere , A. L. and Griffith , W. 2002 . Lignin-based carbon fiber for composite fiber applications . Carbon , 40 ( 15 ) : 2913 – 2920 .
  • Lin , J. , Kubo , S. , Yamada , T. , Koda , K. and Uraki , Y. 2012 . Chemical thermostabilization for the preparation of carbon fibers from softwood lignin . BioResources , 7 ( 4 ) : 5634 – 5646 .
  • Norberg , I. , Nordstrom , Y. , Drougge , R. , Gellerstedt , G. and Sjoholm , E. 2013 . A new method for stabilizing softwood kraft lignin fibers for carbon fiber production . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 128 ( 6 ) : 3824 – 3830 .
  • Braun , J. L. , Holtman , K. M. , Kadla , J. F. and Lignin-based , C F . 2005 . Oxidative thermostabilization of kraft lignin . Carbon , 43 ( 2 ) : 385 – 394 .
  • Alma , M. K. and Kelley , S. S. 2000 . Thermal stability of novolak-type thermosettings made by the condensation of bark and phenol . Polym. Degrad. Stabil. , 68 : 413 – 418 .
  • Ek , M. , Gellerstedt , G. and Henriksson , G. 2009 . Lignin: Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology, Volume 1: Wood Chemistry and Biotechnology , Edited by: KG . 121 – 124 . Berlin : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. .
  • Morgan , P. W. 1946 . Determination of ethers and esters of ethylene glycol: A modified alkoxyl analysis. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry . Analytical Edition 18 , : 500 – 504 .
  • Homma , H. , Kubo , S. , Yamada , T. , Matsushita , Y. and Uraki , Y. 2008 . Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic lignin derivatives as surfactants . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 28 ( 4 ) : 270 – 282 .
  • Uraki , Y. , Matsumoto , C. , Hirai , T. , Tamai , Y. , Enoki , M. , Yabu , H. , Tanaka , M. and Shimomura , M. 2010 . Mechanical effect of acetic acid lignin adsorption on honeycomb-patterned cellulosic films . J. Wood. Chem. Technol. , 30 ( 4 ) : 348 – 359 .
  • Kubo , S. , Uraki , Y. and Sano , Y. 1996 . Thermomechanical analysis of isolated lignins . Holzforschung , 50 ( 2 ) : 144 – 150 .
  • Blazzevic , N. , Kolbah , D. , Belin , B. , Sunjic , V. and Kajfez , F. 1979 . Hexamethylenetetramine, a versatile reagent in organic synthesis . Synthesis-stuttgart , 3 : 161 – 176 .
  • Wang , J. Q. , Wang , Y. Z. , Qiao , M. H. , Xie , S. H. and Fan , K. 2007 . A novel sol-gel synthetic route to alumina nanofibers via aluminum nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine . Mater. Lett. , 61 : 5074 – 5077 .
  • Swift , L. P. , Cutts , S. M. , Rephaeli , A. , Nudelman , A. and Phillips , D. R. 2003 . Activation of adriamycin by the pH-dependent formaldehyde-releasing prodrug hexamethylenetetramine . Mol. Cancer Ther. , 2 : 189 – 198 .
  • Ma , X. J. and Zhao , G. J. 2008 . Structure and performance of fibers prepared from liquefied wood in phenol . Fiber. Polym , 9 ( 4 ) : 405 – 409 .
  • Silverstein , R. M. , Webster , F. X. and Kiemle , D. J. 2005 . Infrared Spectrometry: Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds , 72 – 126 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley Ed. .
  • Brodin , I. , Ernstsson , M. , Gellerstedt , G. and Sjoholm , E. 2012 . Oxidative stabilization of kraft lignin for carbon fibre production . Holzforschung , 66 : 141 – 147 .
  • Qin , W. and Kadla , J. F. 2012 . Carbon fibers based on pyrolytic lignin . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 126 : E203 – E212 .
  • Kadla , J. F. and Kubo , S. 2005 . Lignin-based carbon fibers: Effect of synthetic polymer blending on fiber properties . J. Polym. Environ. , 13 ( 2 ) : 97 – 104 .
  • Dumanh , A. G. and Windle , A. H. 2012 . Carbon fibres from cellulosic precursors: A review . J. Mater. Sci. , 47 : 4236 – 4250 .
  • Tagawa , T. and Miyata , T. 1997 . Size effect on tensile strength of carbon fibers . Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. , 238 ( 2 ) : 336 – 342 .
  • Kubo , S. , Uraki , Y. and Sano , Y. 2003 . Catalytic graphitization of hardwood acetic acid lignin with nickel acetate . J. Wood Sci. , 49 : 188 – 192 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.