Tales Too Horrible for Belief: Atrocity Narratives and Peripheral Subjects in Hezekiah Niles’ Reporting on the Greek Revolution

Works Cited

• Allen, Ira J. “Rhetorical Witnessing and Unconcluded War: For Becoming-in-Loss.” Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 57–77.
   Google Scholar
• Allison, Robert J. The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World 1776-1815. U of Chicago P, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Appleby, Joyce. Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans. Harvard UP, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, Michael. Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism. Cornell UP, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Bass, Gary. Freedom’s Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention. Vintage Books, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Porath, Eran N. “Rhetoric of Atrocities: The Place of Horrific Human Rights Abuses in Presidential Persuasion Efforts.” Presidential Studies Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 2, 2007, pp. 181–202. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2007.02593.x.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, David. The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression. Overlook Duckworth, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Richard D. Knowledge Is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early America, 1700-1865. Oxford UP, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Browne, Stephen. ““Like Gory Spectres”: Representing Evil in Theodore Weld’s American Slavery as It Is.” Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 80, no. 3, 1994, pp. 277–92. doi:10.1080/00335639409384073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnstein, Andrew. Sentimental Democracy: The Evolution of America’s Romantic Self-Image. Hill and Wang, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Cline, Myrtle Agnes. American Attitudes toward the Greek War of Independence, 1821-1828. Higgins-McArthur, 1930.
   Google Scholar
• Cloud, Dana L. “‘To Veil the Threat of Terror’: Afghan Women and the ⟨clash of Civilizations⟩ in the Imagery of the U.S. War on Terrorism.” Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 90, no. 3, 2004, pp. 285–306. doi:10.1080/0033563042000270726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, Jeremy. “American Philhellenes and the Poetics of War.” Journal for the History of Rhetoric, vol. 23, no. 3, 2020, pp. 253–86. doi:10.5325/jhistrhetoric.23.3.0253.
   Google Scholar
• Dakin, Douglas. British and American Philhellenes during the War of Greek Independence, 1821-1833. The Society of Macedonian Studies, 1955.
   Google Scholar
• Dangerfield, George. The Era of Good Feelings. Ivan R. Dee, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Dzurec, D. “‘A Speedy Release of Our Suffering Captive Brethren in Algiers’: Captives, Debate, and Public Opinion in the Early American Republic.” The Historian, vol. 71, no. 4, 2009, pp. 735–56. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.2009.00248.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earl, Edward Mead. “American Interest in the Greek Cause, 1821-1827.” The American Historical Review, vol. 33, no. 1, 1927, pp. 44–63.
   Google Scholar
• Engles, Jeremy. Enemyship: Democracy and Counter-Revolution in the Early Republic. Michigan State UP, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Engles, Jeremy. “Friend or Foe?: Naming the Enemy.” Rhetoric & Public Affairs, vol. 12, no. 1, 2009, pp. 37–64. doi:10.1353/rap.0.0096.
   Google Scholar
• Fassin, Didier. Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present. U of California P, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Field, James A. American and the Mediterranean World, 1776-1882. Princeton UP, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Fitz, Caitlyn. Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions. Liveright Publishing, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, Elizabeth A., and Ira J. Allen. “Symposium: Rhetorical Witnessing in a Global Context.” Rhetoric Review, vol. 39, no. 4, 2020, pp. 369–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamber, Cayo. “There Were Four Chimneys in Birkenau: Oral Histories as Rhetorical Acts of Witness.” Rhetoric Review, vol. 39, no. 4, 2020, pp. 382–93.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, Eliga H. Among the Powers of the Earth: The American Revolution and the Making of a New World Empire. Harvard UP, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Green, Abigail. “Humanitarianism in Nineteenth Century Context: Religious, Gendered, National.” The Historical Journal, vol. 57, no. 4, 2014, pp. 1157–75. doi:10.1017/S0018246X14000156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haltunnen, Karen. “Humanitarianism and the Pornography of Pain in Anglo-American Culture.” The American Historical Review, vol. 100, no. 2, 1995, pp. 303–34. doi:10.2307/2169001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haskell, Thomas L. “Capitalism and the Origins of the Humanitarian Sensibility, Part 1.” The American Historical Review, vol. 90, no. 2, 1985, pp. 339–61. doi:10.2307/1852669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendler, Glenn. Public Sentiments: Structures of Feeling in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. U of North Carolina P, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Herring, George C. From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford UP, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Howe, Daniel Walker. Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. Oxford UP, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey, Michael. The Politics of Atrocity and Reconciliation: From Terror to Trauma. Routledge, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Ivie, Robert L. “Images of Savagery in American Justifications for War.” Communication Monographs, vol. 47, no. 4, 1980, pp. 279–94. doi:10.1080/03637758009376037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivie, Robert L. “Savagery in Democracy’s Empire.” Third World Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55–65. doi:10.1080/0143659042000322900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan Lawrence, S. “The Monroe Doctrine and the Truman Doctrine: The Case of Greece.” Journal of the Early Republic, vol. 13, no. 1, 1993, pp. 1–21. doi:10.2307/3124186.
   Google Scholar
• Laqueur, Thomas W. “Mourning, Pity, and the Work of Narrative in the Making of ‘Humanity.” Humanitarianism and Suffering: The Mobilization of Pity, edited by Richard Ashby Wilson and D. Richard, Brown, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. 31–57.
   Google Scholar
• Larrabee, Stephen A. Hellas Observed: The American Experience of Greece, 1775-1865. New York UP, 1957.
   Google Scholar
• Luxon, Norval Neil. Niles’ Weekly Register: News Magazine of the Nineteenth Century. Louisiana State UP, 1947.
   Google Scholar
• Lyon, Arabella. “Witness Reception: The Duties of an Interlocutor.” Rhetoric Review, vol. 39, no. 4, 2020, pp. 438–42.
   Google Scholar
• Lyon, Arabella, and Lester C. Olson. “Special Issue on Human Rights Rhetoric: Traditions of Testifying and Witnessing.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly, vol. 41, no. 3, 2011, pp. 203–12. doi:10.1080/02773945.2011.575321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr, Timothy. The Cultural Roots of American Islamicism. Cambridge UP, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Marrus, Michael R. “International Bystanders to the Holocaust and Humanitarian Intervention.” Humanitarianism and Suffering: The Mobilization of Pity, edited by Richard Ashby Wilson and D. Richard, Brown, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. 156–76.
   Google Scholar
• Mercieca, Jennifer R. Founding Fictions. U of Alabama P, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Monroe, James. “Seventh Annual Message.” The American Presidency Project, edited by Peters Gerhard and T. John Woolley, 22 Jun 2022. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/seventh-annual-message-1
   Google Scholar
• Motter, Jeff. “American Exceptionalism and the Rhetoric of Humanitarian Militarism: The Case of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Relief Effort.” Communication Studies, vol. 61, no. 5, 2010, pp. 507–25. doi:10.1080/10510974.2010.514834.
   Google Scholar
• Nair, Gaana J. “Visual Culture, Spectatorship and Humanitarian Disaster: Vanni Eli and the Representation of the Sri Lankan Civil War.” Journal of Creative Communications, vol. 7, no. 1, 2012, pp. 121–34. doi:10.1177/0973258613501064.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “The Anniversary.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 16, no. 410, 10 Jul. 1819, p. 1. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “The Anniversary.” Niles’ Weekly Register, vol. 16, no. 410, 10 Jul 1819, p. 321. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Desultory Remarks.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 13, no. 313, 30 Aug 1817, pp. 1–2. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “The Editor to the Public.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 1, no. 1, 7 Sep 1811, p. 1. HathiTrust Digital Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Greece.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 570, 22 Sept 1821, pp. 524. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Greece.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 570, 10 Aug 1822, pp. 380–81. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Greece.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 27, no. 682, 9 Oct 1824, pp. 81–82. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Greece.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 27, no. 691, 11 Dec 1824, pp. 225–26. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “The Greeks.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 571, 17 Aug 1822, pp. 389–90. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Holy Alliance and Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 29, no. 735, 15 Oct 1825, pp. 101. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Later—London Dates of July 10.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 571, 17 Aug 1822, pp. 388–89. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “The ‘Old Landmarks.’” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 24, no. 617, 12 Jul. 1823, pp. 291–93. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Other.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 24, no. 622, 16 Aug. 1823, pp. 369. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Rights of Things—Greece, and the French and British Agents Therein.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 23, no. 576, 28 Sept. 1822, pp. 49–53. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Russia and Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 570, 10 Aug. 1822, p. 380. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Russia and Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 571, 17 Aug. 1822, pp. 388. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Russians, Turks and Greeks.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 569, 3 Aug. 1822, pp. 358–59. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “The Slave Trade, &c.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 23, no. 576, 28 Sept 1822, pp. 53–54. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “To the Editor of the Weekly Register.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 23, no. 578, 12 Oct 1822, pp. 82. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Treason, Rebellion, Revolution!” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 17, no. 425, 30 Oct 1819, pp. 133–36. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Treatment of Prisoners.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 8, no. 190, 22 April 1815, pp. 127–30. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 560, 1 Jun. 1822, pp. 222. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 570, 10 Aug 1822, pp. 380–81. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 22, no. 571, 17 Aug. 1822, pp. 388. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 23, no. 573, 7 Sept 1822, pp. 6–7. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Turkey.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 23, no. 574, 14 Sept 1822, pp. 381. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “Turkey and Greece.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 25, no. 630, 11 Oct. 1823, pp. 83. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “War Events: Or Things Incidental to the Late War. Dartmoor Massacre.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 8, no. 198, 17 Jun. 1815, pp. 267–72. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Niles, Hezekiah. “War Or, Things Incidental to the Late War.” Niles Weekly Register, vol. 8, no. 188, 8 Apr. 1815, pp. 101–03. ProQuest: American Periodicals.
   Google Scholar
• Oren, Michael B. Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present. W.W. Norton, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pappas, Paul. “The Question of Greek Independence in Kentucky, 1821-1828.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, vol. 72, no. 2, 1974, pp. 143–70.
   Google Scholar
• Pappas, Paul. The United States and the Greek War for Independence, 1821-1828. Columbia UP, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Peskin, Lawrence A. Captives and Countrymen: Barbary Slavery and the American Public, 1785-1816. Johns Hopkins UP, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Richard, Carl J. The Golden Age of the Classics in America: Greece, Rome, and the Antebellum United States. Harvard UP, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Rodogno, Davide. Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815-1914. Princeton UP, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Romney, Abraham. “Affective Witnessing in the Visual Documentation of Suffering.” Rhetoric Review, vol. 39, no. 4, 2020, pp. 393–404.
   Google Scholar
• Santelli, Maureen Connors. The Greek Fire: American-Ottoman Relations and Democratic Fervor in the Age of Revolutions. Cornell UP, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, Jay. The Monroe Doctrine: Empire and Nation in Nineteenth-Century America. Hill and Wang, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Slaughter, Joseph R. “Humanitarian Reading.” Humanitarianism and Suffering: The Mobilization of Pity, edited by Richard Ashby Wilson and Richard D. Brown, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. 88–107.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. The Theory of Moral Sentiments, edited by D.D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie, Liberty Fund Inc, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• St. Clair, William. That Greece Might Still Be Free: The Philhellenes in the War of Independence. Oxford UP, 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Vivian, Bradford. Commonplace Witnessing: Rhetorical Invention, Historical Remembrance, and Public Culture. Oxford UP, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Walther, Karine V. Sacred Interests: The United States and the Islamic World, 1821-1921. The U of North Carolina P, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Winterer, Caroline. The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780-1910. Johns Hopkins UP, 2002.
   Google Scholar