3,321
Views
53
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Water Vapor Transport and Its Effects on the Deposition of Hygroscopic Droplets in a Human Upper Airway Model

, &
Pages 1-16 | Received 08 Feb 2005, Accepted 07 Nov 2005, Published online: 23 Feb 2007

REFERENCES

  • Adamson , A. W. 1990 . Physical Chemistry of Surfaces , 5th edn. , New York : Wiley .
  • AEA Technology . 2001 . CFX-4.4: Solve , Oxfordshire, , UK : CFX International .
  • Balásházy , I. , Hofmann , W. and Heistracher , T. 1999 . Computation of Local Enhancement Factors for the Quantification of Particle Deposition Patterns in Airway Bifurcations . J. Aerosol Sci. , 30 : 185 – 203 . [CSA]
  • Balásházy , I. , Hofmann , W. and Heistracher , T. 2003 . Local Particle Deposition Patterns may Play a Key Role in the Development of Lung Cancer . J. Appl. Physiol. , 94 : 1719 – 1725 . [CSA]
  • Benaissa , A. , Gauthier , J. E. D. , Bardon , M. F. and Laviolette , M. 2002 . Modelling Evaporation of Multicomponent Fuel Droplets under Ambient Temperature Conditions . J. Inst. Energy , 75 : 19 – 26 . [CSA]
  • Berlemont , A. , Grancher , M. S. and Gouesbet , G. 1995 . Heat and Mass Transfer Coupling between Vaporizing Droplets and Turbulence using a Lagrangian Approach . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 38 : 3023 – 3034 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Broday , D. M. and Georgopoulos , P. G. 2001 . Growth and Deposition of Hygroscopic Particulate Matter in the Human Lungs . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 34 : 144 – 159 . [CSA]
  • Chen , W. Y. and Horton , D. J. 1977 . Heat and Water Loss from the Airways and Exercise-Induced Asthma . Respiration , 34 : 305 – 313 . [CSA]
  • Cheng , K. H. , Cheng , Y. S. , Yeh , H. C. and Swift , D. L. 1997 . Measurements of Airway Dimensions and Calculation of Mass Transfer Characteristics of the Human Oral Passage . J. Biomechanical Engineering–Trans of the ASME , 119 : 476 – 482 . [CSA]
  • Cinkotai , F. F. 1971 . The Behavior of Sodium Chloride Particles in Moist Air . J. Aerosol Sci. , 2 : 325 – 329 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Clift , R. , Grace , J. R. and Weber , M. E. 1978 . Bubbles, Drops, and Particles , New York : Academic Press .
  • Comer , J. K. , Kleinstreuer , C. , Hyun , S. and Kim , C. S. 2000 . Aerosol Transport and Deposition in Sequentially Bifurcating Airways . J Biomechanical Engineering – Trans of the ASME , 122 : 152 – 158 . [CSA]
  • Comer , J. K. , Kleinstreuer , C. and Zhang , Z. 2001 . Flow Structures and Particle Deposition Patterns in Double Bifurcation Airway Models. Part 1. Air Flow Fields . J Fluid Mechanics , 435 : 25 – 54 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Daviskas , E. , Gonda , I. and Anderson , S. D. 1990 . Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Water Transport in Human Respiratory Tract . J. Appl. Physiol. , 69 ( 1 ) : 362 – 372 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Eisner , A. D. , Graham , R. C. and Martonen , T. B. 1990 . Coupled Mass and Energy Transport Phenomena in Aerosol/Vapor-Laden Gases – I. Theory of the Hygroscopic Aerosol Effects on Temperature and Relative Humidity Patterns of Inspired Air . J. Aerosol Sci. , 21 : 833 – 848 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Ferron , G. A. , Haider , B. and Kreyling , W. G. 1985 . A Method for the Approximation of the Relative Humidity in The Upper Airways . Bull. Math. Biol. , 47 : 565 – 589 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Ferron , G. A. , Kreyling , W. G. and Haider , B. 1988 . Inhalation of Salt Aerosol Particles II. Growth and Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract . J. Aerosol Sci. , 19 ( 4 ) : 611 – 631 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Ferron , G. A. , Oberdörster , G. and Henneberg , R. 1989 . Estimation of the Deposition of Aerosolized Drugs in the Human Respiratory Tract due to Hygroscopic Growth . J. Aerosol Med. , 2 : 271 – 284 . [CSA]
  • Finlay , W. H. 2001 . The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction. , London : Academic Press .
  • Finlay , W. H. and Stapleton , K. W. 1995 . The Effect on Regional Lung Deposition of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer between Hygroscopic Droplets and their Surrounding Phase . J. Aerosol Sci. , 26 ( 3 ) : 655 – 670 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Finlay , W. H. , Stapleton , K. W. , Chan , H. K. , Zuberbuhler , P. and Gonda , I. 1996 . Regional Deposition of Inhaled Hygroscopic Aerosols: In Vivo SPECT Compared with Mathematical Modeling . J. Appl. Physiol. , 81 : 374 – 383 . [CSA]
  • Gebheart , J. , Anselm , A. , Ferron , G. , Heyder , J. and Stahlhofen , W. 1990 . “ Experimental Data on the Total Deposition of Hygroscopic Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract ” . In Aerosols: Science, Industry, Health and Environment , Edited by: Masuda , S. and Takahashi , K. pp.1299 – 1302 . Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Gosman , A. D. and Ioannides , E. 1981 . Aspects of Computer Simulation of Liquid-Fueled Combustors . J. Energy , 7 : 482 – 490 . [CSA]
  • Hanna , L. M. and Scherer , P. 1986 . A Theoretical Model of Localized Heat and Water Transport in the Human Respiratory Tract . J. Biomech. Eng. , 108 : 19 – 27 . [CSA]
  • Hickey , A. J. and Martonen , T. B. 1991 . Behavior of Hygroscopic Pharmaceutical Aerosols and the influence of Hydrophobic Additives . Pharm. Res. , 10 : 1 – 7 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Hinds , W. C. 1993 . “ Physical and chemical changes in the particulate phase ” . In Aerosol Measurements, Pronciples, techniques and Applications. , Edited by: Willeke , K. and Baron , P. A. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
  • Ingenito , E. P. , Solway , J. , McFadden , E. R. Jr. , Pichurko , B. M. , Cravalho , E. G. and Drazen , J. M. 1986 . Finite Difference Analysis of Respiratory Heat Transfer . J. Appl. Physiol. , 61 : 2252 – 2259 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Johnson , C. E. , Linderoth , L. S. Jr. and Nuckols , M. L. 1977 . An Analysis of Sensible Respiratory Heat Exchange during Inspiration under Environmental Condition of Deep Diving . J Biomechanical Engineering -Trans of the ASME , 99 : 45 – 53 . [CSA]
  • Kim , J. , Moin , P. and Moser , R. D. 1987 . Turbulence Statistics in Fully Developed Channel Flow at Low Reynolds Number . J. Fluid Mechanics , 177 : 133 – 166 . [CSA]
  • Kleinstreuer , C. and Zhang , Z. 2003 . Laminar-to-Turbulent Fluid-Particle Flows in a Human Airway Model . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , 29 : 271 – 289 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Longest , P. W. and Kleinstreuer , C. 2004 . Interacting Effects of Uniform Flow, Plane Shear, and Near-Wall Proximity on the Heat and Mass Transfer of Respiratory Aerosols . Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer , 47 : 4745 – 4759 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Longest , P. W. , Kleinstreuer , C. and Buchanan , J. R. 2004 . Efficient Computation of Micro-Particle Dynamics Including Wall Effect . Computers & Fluids. , 33 : 577 – 601 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • MacInnes , J. M. and Bracco , F. V. 1992 . Stochastic Particle Dispersion Modeling and The Tracer-Particle Limit . Physics of Fluids , 4 : 2809 – 2824 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Matida , E. A. , Nishino , K. and Torii , K. 2000 . Statistical Simulation of Particle Deposition on the Wall from Turbulent Dispersed Pipe Flow . Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow , 21 : 389 – 402 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Matida , E. A. , Finlay , W. H. , Lange , C. F. and Grgic , B. 2004 . Improving Numerical Simulations of Particle Deposition in an Idealized Mouth-Throat . J. Aerosol Sci. , 35 : 1 – 19 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • McFadden , E. R. , Pichurko , B. M. , Bowman , H. F. , Ingenito , E. , Burns , S. , Dowling , N. and Solway , J. 1985 . Thermal Mapping of the Airways in Humans . J. Applied Physiol. , 58 : 564 – 570 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Morrow , P. E. 1986 . Factors Determining Hygroscopic Aerosol Deposition in Airways . Physiol. Rev. , 66 : 330 – 376 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Naftali , S. , Schroter , R. C. , Shiner , R. J. and Elad , D. 1998 . Transport Phenomena in the Human Nasal Cavity: A Computational Model . Annals of Biomedical Engineer , 26 : 831 – 839 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Nuckols , M. L. 1981 . Heat and Water Transfer in the Human Respiratory System at Hyperbaric Conditions , Durham, NC : Duke University . PhD thesis
  • Peng , C. , Chow , A. H. L. and Chan , C. K. 2000 . Study of the Hygroscopic Properties of Selected Pharmaceutical Aerosols Using Single Particle Levitation . Pharmaceutical Research , 17 : 1104 – 1109 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Schuen , J. S. , Chen , L. D. and Faeth , G. M. 1983 . Evaluation of a Stochastic Model of Particle Dispersion in a Turbulent Round Jet . AICHE J. , 29 : 167 – 170 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Shepard , D. 1968 . A Two-dimensional Interpolation Function for Irregularly-Spaced Data . Proc. 23rd National Conference ACM . 1968 . pp. 517 – 524 . ACM .
  • Smolik , J. , Dzumbova , L. , Schwarz , J. and Kulmala , M. 2001 . Evaporation of Ventilated Water Droplet: Connection between Heat and Mass Transfer . J. Aerosol Sci. , 32 : 739 – 748 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Tawhai , M. H. and Hunter , P. J. 2004 . Modeling Water Vapor and Heat Transfer in the Normal and the Intubated Airways . Annals of Biomedical Engineer. , 32 : 609 – 622 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Vargaftik , N. B. 1975 . Tables on Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases , 2nd Ed. , Washington, DC : Hemisphere .
  • Vesala , T. , Kulmala , M. , Rudolf , R. , Vrtala , A. and Wagner , P. 1997 . Models for Condensational Growth and Evaporation of Binary Aerosol Particles . J. Aerosol Sci. , 28 : 565 [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Wang , Y. and James , P. W. 1999 . On the Effect of Anisotropy on the Turbulent Dispersion and Deposition of Small Particles . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , 25 : 551 – 558 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Weibel , E. R. 1963 . Morphometry of the Human Lung , New York : Academic Press .
  • Wilcox , D. C. 1998 . Turbulence Modeling for CFD , Second Edition , LA, , Canada CA : DCW Industries, Inc. .
  • Williams , R. , Rankin , N. , Smith , T. , Galler , D. and Seakins , P. 1996 . Relationship between the Humidity and Temperature of Inspired Gas and the Function of the Airway Mucosa . Crit. Care Med. , 24 : 1920 – 1929 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. and Kleinstreuer , C. 2001 . Effect of Particle Inlet Distributions on Deposition in a Triple Bifurcation Lung Airway Model . J. Aerosol Medicine , 14 : 13 – 29 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. and Kleinstreuer , C. 2002 . Transient Airflow Structures and Particle Transport in a Sequentially Branching Lung Airway Model . Physics of Fluids , 14 : 862 – 880 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. and Kleinstreuer , C. 2003a . Low Reynolds Number Turbulent Flows in Locally Constricted Conduits: A Comparison Study . AIAA Journal , 41 : 831 – 840 . [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. and Kleinstreuer , C . 2003b . Species Heat and Mass Transfer in a Human Upper Airway Model . Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer , 46 : 4755 – 4768 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. and Kleinstreuer , C . 2004 . Airflow Structures and Nano-Particle Deposition in a Human Upper Airway Model . J. Computational Phys. , 198 : 178 – 210 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. , Kleinstreuer , C. , Donohue , J. F. and Kim , C. S. 2005a . Comparison of Micro- and Nano-Size Particle Depositions in a Human Upper Airway Model . J. Aerosol Sci. , 36 : 211 – 233 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. , Kleinstreuer , C. and Kim , C. S. 2002a . Cyclic Micron-Size Particle Inhalation and Deposition in a Triple Bifurcation Lung Airway Model . J. Aerosol Sci. , 33 : 257 – 281 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. , Kleinstreuer , C. and Kim , C. S. 2002b . Aerosol Deposition Efficiencies and Upstream Release Positions for Different Inhalation Modes in an Upper Bronchial Airway Model . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 36 : 828 – 844 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Zhang , Z. , Kleinstreuer , C. and Kim , C. S. 2005b . Isotonic and Hypertonic Saline Droplet Deposition in a Human Upper Airway Model . J. Aerosol Med. , submitted for publication[CSA]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.