REFERENCES
- Allen , M. D. and Raabe , O. G. 1985 . Slip Correction Measurements of Spherical Solid Aerosol Particles in an improved Millikan Apparatus. . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 4 : 269 – 286 .
- ANSYS CFX–Solver Modeling Guide ANSYS CFX Release 11.0. © 1996–2006 ANSYS Europe, Ltd. (2005) 566 pages.
- ANSYS CFX–Solver Theory Guide ANSYS CFX Release 11.0. © 1996–2006 ANSYS Europe, Ltd. (2006) 312 pages.
- Baker , R. C. 2000 . Flow Measurement Handbook: Industrial Designs, Operating Principles, Performance, and Applications , 524 New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Baumann , W. , Thekedar , B. , Paur , H.-R. and Seifert , H. 2006 . Characterization of Nanoparticles Synthesized in the Microwave Plasma Discharge Process by Particle Mass Spectrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. AIChE Annual Meeting November 12–17, San Francisco
- Chen , D. R. , Pui , D. Y. and Kaufman , S. L. 1995 . Electrospraying of Conducting Liquids for Monodisperse Aerosol Generation in the 4 nm to 1.8 μ m Diameter Range. . J. Aerosol Sci. , 26 : 963 – 977 .
- Chen , D. R. , Pui , D. Y. H. , Hummes , D. , Fissan , H. , Quant , F. R. and Sem , G. J. 1998 . Design and evalution of a nanometre aerosol differential mobility analyzer. . J. Aerosol Science , 29 : 497 – 509 .
- Cole , R. B. 1997 . Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Fundamentals, instrumentation and applications. , 600 New York : Wiley .
- Ding , L. , Sudakov , M. , Brancia , F. L. , Giles , R. and Kumashiro , S. 2004 . A Digital Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Atmospheric Pressure Ion Sources. . J. Mass Spectrom. , 39 : 471 – 484 .
- Douglas , D. J. , Frank , A. J. and Dunmin , M. 2005 . Linear Ion Traps in Mass Spectrometry. . Mass Spectrom. Rev. , 24 : 1 – 29 .
- Fuchs , N.A. 1963 . On the Stationary Charge Distribution on Aerosol Particles in a Bipolar . Ionic Atmosphere. Geophys. Pura Appl. , 56 : 185 – 193 .
- Gadsden , M. 1982 . Noctilucent Clouds. . Space Science Review , 33 : 279 – 334 .
- Gerlich , D. 2003 . Molecular Ions and Nanoparticles in RF and AC Traps. . Hyperfine Interactions , 146/147 : 293 – 306 .
- Grimm , M. , Langer , B. , Schlemmer , S. , Lischke , T. , Becker , U. , Widdra , W. , Gerlich , D. , Flesch , R. and Rühl , E. 2006 . Charging Mechanisms of Trapped Element-Selectively Excited Nanoparticles Exposed to Soft X Rays. . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 96 : 066801
- Huffman , J. , Jayne , J. , Drewnick , F. , Aiken , A. , Onasch , T. and Worsnop , D. 2005 . Design, Modeling, Optimization, and Experimental Tests of a Particle Beam Width Probe for the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 330 – 337 .
- Iavarone , A. T. , Meinen , J. , Schulze , S. and Parks , J. H. 2006 . Fluorescence Probe of Polypeptide Conformational Dynamics in Gas Phase and in Solution. . Int. J. Mass Spec , 253 : 172 – 180 .
- Kuhn , H. R. , Koch , J. , Hergenröder , R. , Niemax , K. , Kalberer , M. and Günther , D. 2005 . Evaluation of Different Techniques for Particle Size Distribution Measurements on Laser-Generated Aerosols. . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. , 20 : 894 – 900 .
- Kruis , F. E. , Fissan , H. and Peled , A. 1998 . Synthesis of Nanoparticles in the Gas Phase for Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Applications—A Review. . J. Aerosol Sci. , 29 : 511 – 535 .
- Lee , K. S. , Cho , S. W. and Lee , D. 2008 . Development and Experimental Evaluation of Aerodynamic Lens as an Aerosol Inlet of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry. . J. Aerosol Sci. , 39 : 287 – 304 .
- Liu , B. Y. H. and Lee , K. W. 1975 . An Aerosol Generator of High Stability. . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 36 : 861 – 865 .
- Liu , P. , Ziemann , P. J. , Kittelson , D. B. and McMurry , P. H. 1995a . Generating Particle Beams of Controlled Dimensions and Divergence: I. Theory of Particle Motion in Aerodynamic Lenses and Nozzle Expansions . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 22 : 293 – 313 .
- Liu , P. , Ziemann , P. J. , Kittelson , D. B. and McMurry , P. H. 1995b . Generating Particle Beams of Controlled Dimensions and Divergence: II. Experimental Evaluation of Particle Motion in Aerodynamic Lenses and Nozzle Expansions . Aerosol Sci. Technol , 22 : 314 – 324 .
- Liu , P. S. K. , Deng , R. , Smith , K. A. , Williams , L. R. , Jayne , J. T. , Canagaratna , M. R. , Moore , K. , Onasch , T. B. , Worsnop , D. R. and Deshler , T. 2007 . Transmission Efficiency of an Aerodynamic Focusing Lens System: Comparison of Model Calculations and Laboratory Measurements for the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 41 : 721 – 733 .
- Mätzing , H. , Baumann , W. , Paur , H.-R. and Seifert , H. 2009 . Chemical Model of Ar/O2 Microwave Plasma with Nanoparticle Formation from Metal Precursors . Proceedings 19th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry, Bochum , : 26 – 31 . July, 2009
- Meinon , J. , Östemeicher , B. and Leisner , T. 2009 . Patent Pending at German Patent Office . Reference Number , 10 2009 023 700.3
- de la Mora , J. F. 1996 . Drastic Improvement of the Resolution of Aerosol Size Spectrometers via Aerodynamic Focusing: The Case of Variable-Pressure Impactors . Chem. Engineering Comm , 151 : 1,101 – 104 .
- Naumann , K. H. 2003 . COSIMA—A Computer Program Simulating the Dynamics of Fractal Aerosols . J. Aerosol Science. , 34 : 1371 – 1397 .
- Passig , J. , Meiwes-Broer , K.-H. and Tiggesbäumker , J. 2006 . Collimation of Metal Nanoparticle Beams Using Aerodynamic Lenses . Rev. Sci. Instr , 77 : 093304
- Paur , H.-R. , Baumann , W. , Mätzing , H. and Seifert , H. 2005 . Formation of Nanoparticles in Flames; Measurement by Particle Mass Spectrometry and Numerical Simulation . Nanotechnology , 16 : 355 – S361 .
- Rapp , M. and Lübken , F.-J. 2004 . Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE): Review of Observations and Current Understanding . Atmos. Chem. Phys , 4 : 2601 – 2633 .
- Shaw , D. T. and Liu , B. 2008 . Handbook of Micro and Nanoparticle Science and Technology , Heidelberg : Springer .
- Shu , J. N. , Wilson , K. R. , Ahmed , M. and Leone , S. R. 2006a . Coupling A Versatile Aerosol Apparatus to a Synchrotron: Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Scattering, Photoelectron Imaging, and Fragment Free Mass Spectrometry . Rev. Sci. Instrum. , 77 : 043106
- Shu , J. , Wilson , K. R. , Ahmed , M. , Leone , S. R. , Graf , C. and Rühl , E. 2006b . Elastic Light Scattering from Nanoparticles by Monochromatic Vacuum-Ultraviolet Radiation . J. Chem. Phys , 124 : 034707
- Sigloch , H. 2008 . Technische Fluidmechanik , Springer-Verlag : Berlin Heidelberg . 581. 6. Auflage
- Szabo , D. V. , Vollath , D. , Taylor , R. D. and Willis , J. O. 1997 . Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Maghemite . J. Mater. Res , 12 : 2175 – 2182 .
- Szabo , D. V. and Vollath , D. 1999 . Nanocomposites from Coated Nanoparticles . Adv. Mater , 11 : 1313 – 1316 .
- Terasaki , A. , Majima , T. , Kasai , C. and Kondow , T. 2009 . Photon-Trap Spectroscopy of Size-Selected Free Cluster Ions: “Direct” Measurement of Optical Absorption of Ag9 + . Eur. Phys. J. D , 52 : 43 – 46 .
- 2008 . Aerosol Electrospray TSI User's Manuel Model 3480
- Vollath , D . 2008 . Plasma Synthesis of Nanopowders . Journal Nanopart. Res , 10 : 39 – 57 .
- Wang , X. , Gidwani , A. , Girshick , S. L. and McMurry , P. H. 2005 . Aerodynamic Focusing of Nanoparticles: II. Numerical Simulation of Particle Motion Through Aerodynamic Lenses . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 624 – 636 .
- Wang , S. , Zordan , C. A. and Johnston , M. V. 2006 . Chemical Characterization of Individual, Airborne Sub-10-nm Particles and Molecules . Anal. Chem. , 78 : 1750 – 1754 .
- Wang , X. and McMurry , P. 2006 . A Design Tool for Aerodynamic Lens Systems . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 40 : 320 – 334 .
- Wang , S. and Johnston , M. V. 2006 . Airborne Nanoparticles Characterization with a Digital Ion Trap–Reflectron Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer. . Intl. J. Mass Spec. , 258 : 50 – 57 .
- Wolf , S. , Sommerer , G. , Rutz , S. , Schreiber , E. , Leisner , T. and Woste , L. 1995 . Spectroscopy of Size-Selected Neutral Clusters—Femtosecond Evolution of Neutral Silver Trimers. . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 74 : 4177 – 4180 .
- Zhang , X. , Smith , K. A. , Worsnop , D. R. , Jiménez , J. , Jayne , J. T. , Kolb , C. E. , Morris , J. and Davidovits , P. 2004 . Numerical Characterization of Particle Beam Collimation: Part II Integrated Aerodynamic Lens–Nozzle System. . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 : 619 – 638 .
- Ziemann , P. Z. , Liu , P. L. , Rao , N. P. , Kittelson , D. B. and McMurry , P. H. 1995 . Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry of Submicron Particles Charged to Saturation in an Electron Beam . J. Aerosol Sci. , 26 : 745 – 756 .
- Zierep , J. 1993 . Grundzüge der Strömungslehre 5. Auflage, Springer, Berlin.