871
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A New Aircraft Inlet for Sampling Interstitial Aerosol: Design Methodology, Modeling, and Wind Tunnel Tests

, , &
Pages 885-894 | Received 14 Oct 2012, Accepted 29 Mar 2013, Published online: 24 May 2013

REFERENCES

  • Baumgardner , D. and Huebert , B. 1993 . The Airborne Aerosol Inlet Workshop: Meeting Report . J. Aerosol Sci. , 24 ( 6 ) : 835 – 846 .
  • Cain , S. A. and Ram , M. 1998 . Numerical Simulation Studies of the Turbulent Airflow Through a Shrouded Airborne Aerosol Sampling Probe and Estimation of the Minimum Sampler Transmission Efficiency . J. Aersol Sci. , 9 ( 29 ) : 1145 – 1156 .
  • Clarke , A. , Varner , J. , Eisele , F. , Mauldin , R. , Tanner , D. and Litchy , M. 1998 . Particle Production in the Remote Marine Stmosphere: Cloud Outflow and Subsidence During ACE1 . J. Geophys. Res. , 103 : 16397 – 16409 .
  • de la Mora , F. J. and Rosner , D. E. 1981 . Inertial Deposition of Particles Revisited and Extended: Eulerian Approach to a Traditionally Lagrangian Problem . Physicochem. Hydrodyn. , 2 : 1 – 21 .
  • Dhaniyala , S. , Flagan , R. C. , McKinney , K. A. and Wennberg , P. O. 2003 . Novel Aerosol/Gas Inlet for Aircraft-Based Measurements . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 37 ( 10 ) : 828 – 840 .
  • Dhaniyala , S. , Wennberg , P. O. , Flagan , R. C. , Fahey , D. W. , Northway , M. J. Gao , R. S. 2004 . Stratospheric Aerosol Sampling: Effect of a Blunt-Body Housing on Inlet Sampling Characteristics . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 11 ) : 1080 – 1090 .
  • Eddy , P. R. , Natarajan , A. and Dhaniyala , S. 2006 . Subisokinetic Sampling Characteristics of High Speed Aircraft Inlets: A New CFD-Based Correlation Considering Inlet Geometries . J. Aerosol Sci. , 37 ( 12 ) : 1853 – 1870 .
  • Fahey , D. , Kelly , K. , Ferry , G. , Poole , L. , Wilson , J. Murphy , D. 1989 . In Situ Measurements of Total Reactive Nitrogen, Total Water, and Aerosol in a Polar Stratospheric Cloud in the Antarctic . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , 94 : 11,299 – 11,315 .
  • Field , P. R. , Heymsfield , A. J. and Bansemer , A. 2006 . Shattering and Particle Interarrival Times Measured by Optical Array Probes in Ice Clouds . J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech. , 23 : 1357 – 1371 .
  • FLUENT 6.3 User's Guide . 2006 . Lebanon, NH , , USA : Fluent, Inc. .
  • Forster , P. , Ramaswamy , V. , Artaxo , P. , Berntsen , T. , Betts , R. Fahey , D. W. 2007 . “ Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing ” . In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Edited by: Solomon , S. D. , Qin , M. , Manning , Z. , Chen , M. , Marquis , K. B. , Averyt, Tignor , M. and Miller , H. L. Cambridge, New York , , United Kingdom, USA : Cambridge University Press .
  • Geller , A. , Rader , D. and Kempka , S. 1993 . Calculation of Particle Concentration Around Aircraft-Like Geometries . J. Aerosol Sci. , 24 ( 6 ) : 823 – 834 .
  • Gillani , N. V. , Schwartz , S. E. , Leaitch , W. R. , Strapp , J. W. and Isaac , G. A. 1995 . Field Observations in Continental Stratiform Clouds: Partitioning of Cloud Particles Between Droplets and Unactivated Interstitial Aerosols . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 ( D9 ) : 18687 – 18706 .
  • Healy , D. P and Young , J. B. 2005 . Full Lagrangian Methods for Calculating Particle Concentration Fields in Dilute Gas–Particle Flows . Proc. R. Soc. A. , 461 ( 2059 ) : 2197 – 2225 .
  • Hegg , D. A. , Radke , L. F. and Hobbs , P. V. 1991 . Measuremetns of Aitken Nuclei and Cloud Condensation Nuclet in the Marine Atmospheric and Their Relation to the DMS–Cloud–Climate Hypothesis . J. Geophys. Res. , 96 ( D10 ) : 18,727 – 18,733 . doi: 10.1029/91JD01870
  • Hinds , William C. 1999 . Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. , 2nd ed. , New York : Wiley-Interscience .
  • Huebert , B. J. , Howell , S. G. , Covert , D. , Bertram , T. , Clarke , A. Anderson , J. R. 2004 . PELTI: Measuring the Passing Efficiency of an Airborne Low Turbulence Aerosol Inlet . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 : 803 – 826 .
  • Huebert , B. J. , Lee , G. and Warren , W. L. 1990 . Airborne Inlet Passing Efficiency Measurement . J. Geophys. Res. , 95 ( D10 ) : 16,369 – 16,381 .
  • Jennings , S. G. , Geever , M. , McGovern , F. M. , Francis , J. , Spain , T. G. and Donaghy , T. 1997 . Microphysical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Atmospheric Marine and Continental Aerosol at Mace Head . Atmos. Environ. , 31 ( 17 ) : 2795 – 2808 .
  • Jensen , E. J. , Lawson , P. , Baker , B. , Pilson , B. , Mo , Q. and Heymsfield , A.J. 2009 . On the Importance of Small Ice Crystals in Tropical Anvil Cirrus . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 9 : 5519 – 5537 .
  • King , W. 1984 . Air Flow and Particle Trajectories Around Aircraft Fuselages. I: Theory . J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , 1 : 5 – 13 .
  • Korolev , A. , Emery , E. F. , Strapp , J. W. , Cober , S. G. , Isaac , G. A. Wasey , M. 2011 . Small Ice Particles in Troposherpic Clouds: Fact or Artifact? Airborne Icing Instrumentation Evaluation Experiment . Amer. Meteorol. Soc. , August 2011:967–973
  • Korolev , A. and Isaac , G. A. 2005 . Shattering During Sampling by OAPs and HVPS. Part I: Snow Particles . J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , 22 : 528 – 542 .
  • Lane , W. R. 1951 . Shatter of Drops in Stream of Air . Ind. Eng. Chem. , 43 ( 4 ) : 1312 – 1317 .
  • Lawson , R. P. and Cooper , W. A. 1990 . Performance of Some Airborne Thermometers in Clouds . J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , 7 : 480 – 494 .
  • McFarquhar , G. M. , Um , J. , Freer , M. , Baumgardner , D. , Kok , G. L. and Mace , G. 2007 . The Importance of Small Ice Crystals to Cirrus Properties: Observations From the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 57 : L13803 doi: 10.1029/2007GL029 865
  • Menter , F. R. , Kuntz , M. and Langtry , R. 2003 . “ Ten Years of Industrial Experience with the SST Turbulence Model ” . In Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer , Edited by: Hanjalic , K. , Nagano , Y. and Tummers , M. Vol. 4 , 625 – 632 . Begell House Inc, Antalya, Turkey .
  • Mundo , C. H. R. , Summerfeld , M. and Tropea , C. 1995 . Droplet–Wall Collisions: Experimental Studies of the Deformation and Breakup Process . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , 21 ( 2 ) : 151 – 173 .
  • O’Rourke , P. and Amsden , A. 2000 . A Spray/Wall Interaction Submodel for the KIVA-3 Wall Film Model . SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0271, 2000, doi:10.4271/2000-01-0271
  • Perry , K. and Hobbs , P. 1994 . Further Evidence for Particle Nucleation in Clear Air Adjacent to Marine Cumulus Clouds . J. Gophys. Res. , 99 : 22803 – 22818 .
  • Ram , M. and Cain , S. A. 1998 . A New Practical Formula for Calculating Free-Stream Aerosol Particle Properties in Airborne Sampling Applications . J. Aerosol Sci. , 29 ( 9 ) : 1141 – 1144 .
  • Reitz , R. D. 1987 . Mechanism of Atomization Processes in High Pressure Vaporizing Spray . Atomiz. Spray Technol. , 3 : 309 – 337 .
  • Rogers , R. R. and Yau , M. K. 1989 . A Short Course in Cloud Physics. , 3rd Ed. , Woburn, MA , , USA : Butterworth-Heinemann .
  • Saxena , P. and Hildemann , L. M. 1996 . Water-Soluble Organics in Atmospheric Particles: A Critical Review of the Literature and Application of Thermodynamics to Identify Candidate Compounds . J. Atmos. Chem. , 24 : 57 – 100 .
  • Schroder , F. P. , Karcher , B. , Petzold , A. , Baumann , R. and Busen , R. 1998 . Ultrafine Aerosol Particles in Aircraft Plumes: In Situ Observations . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 25 ( 15 ) : 2789 – 2792 .
  • Schroder , F. and Strom , J. 1997 . Aircraft Measurements of Sub Micrometer Aerosols (>7 nm) in the Midlatitude Free Troposphere and Tropopause Region . Atmos. Res. , 44 : 333 – 356 .
  • Schlichting , H. , Gersten , K. , Krause , E. , Oertel , H. Jr. and Mayes , C. 2004 . Boundary-Layer Theory. , 8th ed. , Berlin , , Germany : Springer .
  • Seinfeld , J. H. and Pandis , S. N. 2006 . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change , 808 – 809 . New York : John Wiley & Sons Inc .
  • Tan , J. , Papadakis , M. and Sampath , M. K. 2005 . Computational Study of Large Droplet Breakup in the Vicinity of an Airfoil, Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-05/42, Office of Aviation Research, Washington DC, USA
  • Twohey , C. H. 1998 . Model Calculations and Wind Tunnel Testing of an Isokinetic Shroud for High-Speed Sampling . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 29 ( 4 ) : 261 – 280 .
  • Weber , R. J. , Clarke , A. D. , Litchy , M. , Li , J. , Kok , G Schillawski , R. D. 1998 . Spurious Aerosol Measurements When Sampling from Aircraft in the Vicinity of Clouds . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , 103 ( D21 ) : 28337 – 28346l .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.