1,640
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Composition and Sources of the Organic Particle Emissions from Aircraft Engines

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 61-73 | Received 26 Jun 2013, Accepted 11 Oct 2013, Published online: 13 Dec 2013

REFERENCES

  • Allan , J. D. , Delia , A. E. , Coe , H. , Bower , K. N. , Alfarra , M. R. Jimenez , J. L. 2004 . A Generalised Method for the Extraction of Chemically Resolved Mass Spectra from Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Data . J. Aerosol Sci. , 35 : 909 – 922 .
  • Arunachalam , S. , Wang , B. , Davis , N. , Baek , B. H. and Levy , J. I. 2011 . Effect of Chemistry-Transport Model Scale and Resolution on Population Exposure to PM(2.5) from Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Takeoff . Atmos. Environ. , 45 : 3294 – 3300 .
  • Beyersdorf , A. J. , Thornhill , K. L. , Winstead , E. L. , Ziemba , L. D. , Blake , D. R. Timko , M. T. 2012 . Power-Dependent Speciation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Aircraft Exhaust . Atmos. Environ. , 61 : 275 – 282 .
  • Blake , R. S. , Monks , P. S. and Ellis , A. M. 2009 . Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry . Chem. Rev. , 109 : 861 – 896 .
  • Bulzan , D. , Anderson , B. , Wey , C. , Howard , R. , Winstead , E. Beyersdorf , A. 2010 . Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Results of the NASA Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) 1195 – 1207 . Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010, Vol. 2, Parts A and B
  • Cain , J. P. , Gassman , P. L. , Wang , H. and Laskin , A. 2010 . Micro-FTIR Study of Soot Chemical Composition-Evidence of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons on Nascent Soot Surfaces . Phys. Chem. Chem.l Phys. , 12 : 5206 – 5218 .
  • Canagaratna , M. R. , Jayne , J. T. , Ghertner , D. A. , Herndon , S. , Shi , Q. Jimenez , J. L. 2004 . Chase Studies of Particulate Emissions From In-Use New York City vehicles . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 : 555 – 573 .
  • Canagaratna , M. R. , Jayne , J. T. , Jimenez , J. L. , Allan , J. D. , Alfarra , M. R. Zhang , Q. 2007 . Chemical and Microphysical Characterization of Ambient Aerosols with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer . Mass Spectrom. Rev. , 26 : 185 – 222 .
  • Dallara , E. S. , Kroo , I. M. and Waitz , I. A. 2011 . Metric for Comparing Lifetime Average Climate Impact of Aircraft . AIAA J. , 49 : 1600 – 1613 .
  • Dodson , R. E. , Houseman , E. A. , Morin , B. and Levy , J. I. 2009 . An Analysis of Continuous Black Carbon Concentrations in Proximity to an Airport and Major Roadways . Atmos. Environ. , 43 : 3764 – 3773 .
  • Dorbian , C. S. , Wolfe , P. J. and Waitz , I. A. 2011 . Estimating the Climate and Air Quality Benefits of Aviation Fuel and Emissions Reductions . Atmos. Environ. , 45 : 2750 – 2759 .
  • Drewnick , F. , Hings , S. S. , DeCarlo , P. , Jayne , J. T. , Gonin , M. Fuhrer , K. 2005 . A New Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TOF-AMS) - Instrument Description and First Field Deployment . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 637 – 658 .
  • Hagen , D. E. , Lobo , P. , Whitefield , P. D. , Trueblood , M. B. , Alofs , D. J. and Schmid , O. 2009 . Performance Evaluation of a Fast Mobility-Based Particle Spectrometer for Aircraft Exhaust . J. Propul. Power , 25 : 628 – 634 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Jayne , J. T. , Lobo , P. , Onasch , T. B. , Fleming , G. Hagen , D. E. 2008 . Commercial Aircraft Engine Emissions Characterization of In-Use Aircraft at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 1877 – 1883 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Jayne , J. T. , Zahniser , M. S. , Worsnop , D. R. , Knighton , B. Alwine , E. 2005a . Characterization of Urban Pollutant Emission Fluxes and Ambient Concentration Distributions Using a Mobile Laboratory with Rapid Response Instrumentation . Faraday Discuss. , 130 : 327 – 339 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Onasch , T. B. , Frank , B. P. , Marr , L. C. , Jayne , J. T. Canagaratna , M. R. 2005b . Particulate Emissions from In-Use Commercial Aircraft . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 799 – 809 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Rogers , T. , Dunlea , E. J. , Jayne , J. T. , Miake-Lye , R. and Knighton , B. 2006 . Hydrocarbon Emissions from In-Use Commercial Aircraft During Airport Operations . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 4406 – 4413 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Shorter , J. H. , Zahniser , M. S. , Nelson , D. D. , Jayne , J. Brown , R. C. 2004 . NO and NO2 Emission Ratios Measured from In-Use Commercial Aircraft During Taxi and Takeoff . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 6078 – 6084 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Shorter , J. H. , Zahniser , M. S. , Wormhoudt , J. , Nelson , D. D. Demerjian , K. L. 2005c . Real-Time Measurements of SO2, H2CO, and CH4 Emissions from In-Use Curbside Passenger Buses in New York City using a Chase Vehicle . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 7984 – 7990 .
  • Herndon , S. C. , Wood , E. C. , Northway , M. J. , Miake-Lye , R. , Thornhill , L. Beyersdorf , A. 2009 . Aircraft Hydrocarbon Emissions at Oakland International Airport . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 43 : 1730 – 1736 .
  • Hsu , H. H. , Adamkiewicz , G. , Houseman , A. , Vallarino , J. , Melly , S. Wayson , R. 2011 . Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ultrafine Particle Counts and Fine Particle Mass in Neighborhoods Surrounding an Airport . Epidemiology , 22 : S208 – S208 .
  • Hsu , H. H. , Adamkiewicz , G. , Houseman , E. A. , Vallarino , J. , Melly , S. J. Wayson , R. L. 2012 . The Relationship Between Aviation Activities and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Concentrations Near a Mid-Sized Airport . Atmos. Environ. , 50 : 328 – 337 .
  • Jacobson , M. Z. , Wilkerson , J. T. , Naiman , A. D. and Lele , S. K. 2011 . The Effects of Aircraft on Climate and Pollution. Part I: Numerical Methods for Treating the Subgrid Evolution of Discrete Size- and Composition-Resolved Contrails from all Commercial Flights Worldwide . J. Comput. Phys. , 230 : 5115 – 5132 .
  • Jayne , J. T. , Leard , D. C. , Zhang , X. F. , Davidovits , P. , Smith , K. A. Kolb , C. E. 2000 . Development of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Size and Composition Analysis of Submicron Particles . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 33 : 49 – 70 .
  • Knighton , W. B. , Rogers , T. M. , Anderson , B. E. , Herndon , S. C. , Yelvington , P. E. and Miake-Lye , R. C. 2007 . Quantification of Aircraft Engine Hydrocarbon Emissions using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry . J. Propul. Power , 23 : 949 – 958 .
  • Kolb , C. E. , Herndon , S. C. , McManus , B. , Shorter , J. H. , Zahniser , M. S. Nelson , D. D. 2004 . Mobile Laboratory with Rapid Response Instruments for Real-Time Measurements of Urban and Regional Trace Gas and Particulate Distributions and Emission Source Characteristics . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 5694 – 5703 .
  • Lack , D. A. , Corbett , J. J. , Onasch , T. , Lerner , B. , Massoli , P. Quinn , P. K. 2009 . Particulate Emissions from Commercial Shipping: Chemical, Physical, and Optical Properties . J. Geophys. Res. –Atmos. , 114:D00F04
  • Lanz , V. A. , Alfarra , M. R. , Baltensperger , U. , Buchmann , B. , Hueglin , C. and Prevot , A. S. H. 2007 . Source Apportionment of Submicron Organic Aerosols at an Urban Site by Factor Analytical Modelling of Aerosol Mass Spectra . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 7 : 1503 – 1522 .
  • Lee , B. H. , Wood , E. C. , Zahniser , M. S. , McManus , J. B. , Nelson , D. D. Herndon , S. C. 2011 . Simultaneous Measurements of Atmospheric HONO and NO(2) via Absorption Spectroscopy using Tunable Mid-Infrared Continuous-Wave Quantum Cascade Lasers . Appl. Phys. B-Lasers and Opt. , 102 : 417 – 423 .
  • Lee , D. S. , Fahey , D. W. , Forster , P. M. , Newton , P. J. , Wit , R. C. N. Lim , L. L. 2009 . Aviation and Global Climate Change in the 21st Century . Atmos. Environ. , 43 : 3520 – 3537 .
  • Lee , D. S. , Pitari , G. , Grewe , V. , Gierens , K. , Penner , J. E. Petzold , A. 2010 . Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Aviation . Atmos. Environ. , 44 : 4678 – 4734 .
  • Levy , J. I. , Woody , M. , Baek , B. H. , Shankar , U. and Arunachalam , S. 2012 . Current and Future Particulate-Matter-Related Mortality Risks in the United States from Aviation Emissions During Landing and Takeoff . Risk Anal. , 32 : 237 – 249 .
  • Lindinger , W. , Hansel , A. and Jordan , A. 1998 . Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS): On-Line Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds at pptv Levels . Chem. Soc. Rev. , 27 : 347 – 354 .
  • Liu , P. , Ziemann , P. J. , Kittelson , D. B. and McMurry , P. H. 1995 . Generating Penetrating Particle Beams of Controlled Dimensions and Divergence. 2. Experimental Evaluation of Particle Motion in Aerodynamic Lenses and Nozzle Expansions . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 22 : 314 – 324 .
  • Liu , P. S. K. , Deng , R. , Smith , K. A. , Williams , L. R. , Jayne , J. T. Canagaratna , M. R. 2007 . Transmission Efficiency of an Aerodynamic Focusing Lens System: Comparison of Model Calculations and Laboratory Measurements for the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 41 : 721 – 733 .
  • Lobo , P. , Hagen , D. E. and Whitefield , P. D. 2011 . Comparison of PM Emissions from a Commercial Jet Engine Burning Conventional, Biomass, and Fischer-Tropsch Fuels . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 45 : 10744 – 10749 .
  • Lobo , P. , Hagen , D. E. , Whitefield , P. D. and Alofs , D. J. 2007 . Physical Characterization of Aerosol Emissions from a Commercial Gas Turbine Engine . J. Propul. Power , 23 : 919 – 929 .
  • Massoli , P. , Fortner , E. C. , Canagaratna , M. R. , Williams , L. R. , Zhang , Q. Sun , Y. 2012 . Pollution Gradients and Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter from Vehicular Traffic near Major Roadways: Results from the 2009 Queens College Air Quality Study in NYC . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 46 : 1201 – 1218 .
  • McLafferty , F. W. and Tureček , F. 1993 . Interpretation of Mass Spectra, , 4th ed. , 226 – 232 . Sausalito, CA : University Science Books .
  • Onasch , T. B. , Jayne , J. T. , Herndon , S. , Worsnop , D. R. , Miake-Lye , R. C. Mortimer , I. P. 2009 . Chemical Properties of Aircraft Engine Particulate Exhaust Emissions . J. Propul. Power , 25 : 1121 – 1137 .
  • Paatero , P. 1997 . Least Squares Formulation of Robust Non-Negative Factor Analysis . Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. , 37 : 23 – 35 .
  • Paatero , P. and Tapper , U. 1993 . Analysis of Different Modes of Factor-Analysis as Least-Squares Fit Problems . Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. , 18 : 183 – 194 .
  • Petzold , A. , Schloesser , H. , Sheridan , P. J. , Arnott , W. P. , Ogren , J. A. and Virkkula , A. 2005 . Evaluation of Multiangle Absorption Photometry for Measuring Aerosol Light Absorption . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 40 – 51 .
  • Santoni , G. W. , Lee , B. H. , Wood , E. C. , Herndon , S. C. , Miake-Lye , R. C. Wofsy , S. C. 2011 . Aircraft Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 45 : 7075 – 7082 .
  • Slowik , J. G. , Cross , E. S. , Han , J. H. , Davidovits , P. , Onasch , T. B. Jayne , J. T. 2007 . An Inter-Comparison of Instruments Measuring Black Carbon Content of Soot Particles . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 41 : 295 – 314 .
  • Spicer , C. W. , Holdren , M. W. , Cowen , K. A. , Joseph , D. W. , Satola , J. Goodwin , B. 2009 . Rapid Measurement of Emissions from Military Aircraft Turbine Engines by Downstream Extractive Sampling of Aircraft on the Ground: Results for C-130 and F-15 Aircraft . Atmos. Environ. , 43 : 2612 – 2622 .
  • Spicer , C. W. , Holdren , M. W. , Riggin , R. M. and Lyon , T. F. 1994 . Chemical-Composition and Photochemical Reactivity of Exhaust from Aircraft Turbine-Engines . Ann. Geophys. –Atmos. Hydr. Space Sci. , 12 : 944 – 955 .
  • Stettler , M. E. J. , Eastham , S. and Barrett , S. R. H. 2011 . Air Quality and Public Health Impacts of UK Airports. Part I: Emissions . Atmos. Environ. , 45 : 5415 – 5424 .
  • Timko , M. T. , Fortner , E. , Franklin , J. , Yu , Z. , Wong , H. W. Onasch , T. B. 2013 . Atmospheric Measurements of the Physical Evolution of Aircraft Exhaust Plumes . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 47 : 3513 – 3520 .
  • Timko , M. T. , Herndon , S. C. , Blanco , E. D. , Wood , E. C. , Yu , Z. H. Miake-Lye , R. C. 2011 . Combustion Products of Petroleum Jet Fuel, a Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Fuel, and a Biomass Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Fuel for a Gas Turbine Engine . Combust. Sci. Technol. , 183 : 1039 – 1068 .
  • Timko , M. T. , Herndon , S. C. , Wood , E. C. , Onasch , T. B. , Northway , M. J. Jayne , J. T. 2010a . Gas Turbine Enginer Emissions - Part I: Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides . J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power-Trans. ASME , 132 : 061504
  • Timko , M. T. , Onasch , T. B. , Northway , M. J. , Jayne , J. T. , Canagaratna , M. R. Herndon , S. C. 2010b . Gas Turbine Engine Emissions - Part II: Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter . J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power –Trans. ASME , 132 : 061505
  • Timko , M. T. , Yu , Z. , Onasch , T. B. , Wong , H. W. , Miake-Lye , R. C. Beyersdorf , A. J. 2010c . Particulate Emissions of Gas Turbine Engine Combustion of a Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Fuel . Energy & Fuels , 24 : 5883 – 5896 .
  • Timko , M. T. , Yu , Z. H. , Kroll , J. , Jayne , J. T. , Worsnop , D. R. Miake-Lye , R. C. 2009 . Sampling Artifacts from Conductive Silicone Tubing . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 43 : 855 – 865 .
  • Ulbrich , I. M. , Canagaratna , M. R. , Zhang , Q. , Worsnop , D. R. and Jimenez , J. L. 2009 . Interpretation of Organic Components from Positive Matrix Factorization of Aerosol Mass Spectrometric Data . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 9 : 2891 – 2918 .
  • Unger , N. 2011 . Global Climate Impact of Civil Aviation for Standard and Desulfurized Jet Fuel . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 38 : L20803
  • Wey , C. C. , Anderson , B. E. , Wey , C. , Miake-Lye , R. C. , Whitefield , P. and Howard , R. 2007 . Overview on the Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment . J. Propul. Power , 23 : 898 – 905 .
  • Wood , E. C. , Herndon , S. C. , Timko , M. T. , Yelvington , P. E. and Miake-Lye , R. C. 2008 . Speciation and Chemical Evolution of Nitrogen Oxides in Aircraft Exhaust Near Airports . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 1884 – 1891 .
  • Wormhoudt , J. , Herndon , S. C. , Yelvington , P. E. , Miake-Lye , R. C. and Wey , C. 2007 . Nitrogen Oxide (NO/NO2/HONO) Emissions Measurements in Aircraft Exhausts . J. Propul. Power , 23 : 906 – 911 .
  • Yelvington , P. E. , Herndon , S. C. , Wormhoudt , J. C. , Jayne , J. T. , Miake-Lye , R. C. Knighton , W. B. 2007 . Chemical Speciation of Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Commercial Aircraft Engine . J. Propul. Power , 23 : 912 – 918 .
  • Yu , Z. H. , Herndon , S. C. , Ziemba , L. D. , Timko , M. T. , Liscinsky , D. S. Anderson , B. E. 2012 . Identification of Lubrication Oil in the Particulate Matter Emissions from Engine Exhaust of In-Service Commercial Aircraft . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 46 : 9630 – 9637 .
  • Yu , Z. H. , Liscinsky , D. S. , Winstead , E. L. , True , B. S. , Timko , M. T. Bhargava , A. 2010 . Characterization of Lubrication Oil Emissions from Aircraft Engines . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 44 : 9530 – 9534 .
  • Zhang , Q. , Jimenez , J. L. , Canagaratna , M. R. , Ulbrich , I. M. , Ng , N. L. Worsnop , D. R. 2011 . Understanding Atmospheric Organic Aerosols via Factor Analysis of Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: A Review . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , 401 : 3045 – 3067 .
  • Zhu , Y. , Fanning , E. , Yu , R. C. , Zhang , Q. and Froines , J. R. 2011 . Aircraft Emissions and Local Air Quality Impacts from Takeoff Activities at a Large International Airport . Atmos. Environ. , 45 : 6526 – 6533 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.