835
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Response Characteristics of PMP Compliant Condensation Particle Counters Toward Various Calibration Aerosols

, &
Pages 98-108 | Received 21 Jul 2014, Accepted 15 Dec 2014, Published online: 05 Feb 2015

REFERENCES

  • Andersson, J., Giechaskiel, B., Muñoz-Bueno, R., Sandbach, E., and Dilara, P. (2007). Particle Measurement Programme (PMP), Light-Duty Inter-Laboratory Correlation Exercise (ILCE_LD), Final Report EUR 22775 EN, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy, European Commission.
  • Bazanov, T. A., Psikha, B. L., and Kharitonov, V. V. (2011). Features of the Initiated Oxidation Mechanism of n-Heptadecane at Low Concentrations of Oxygen. Russ. Chem. Bull., 60:1414–1420.
  • Burtscher, H. (2005). Physical Characterization of Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines: A Review. J. Aerosol Sci., 36:896–932.
  • Carlon, H. R., and Guelta, M. A. (1993). Army-Approved Safe Materials to Replace DOP in Mask and Filter Testing: Emery 3002 (Ethyflo 162) and Emery 3004 (Ethyflo 164). Edgewood Research Development & Engineering Center, U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Agency. Maryland, USA.
  • EC, Commission Regulation 692/2008. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1399560401259&uri=CELEX:32008R0692.
  • EU, Commission Regulation 459/2012. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1399561658979&uri=CELEX:32012R0459.
  • EU, Commission Regulation 582/2011. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1399559728633&uri=CELEX:32012R0459.
  • Evans, D., Harrison, R., and Ayres, J. (2003). The Generation and Characterisation of Elemental Carbon Aerosols for Human Challenge Studies. J. Aerosol Sci., 34:1023–1041.
  • Giechaskiel, B., and Bergmann, A. (2011). Validation of 14 Used, Recalibrated and New TSI 3790 Condensation Particle Counters According to the UN-ECE Regulation 83. J. Aerosol Sci., 42:195–203.
  • Giechaskiel, B., Chirico, R., DeCarlo, P. F., Clairotte, M., Adam, T., Martini, G., et al. (2010). Evaluation of the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Protocol to Remove the Vehicles’ Exhaust Aerosol Volatile Phase. Sci. Total Environ., 408:5106–5116.
  • Giechaskiel, B., Davok, R., Giovanella, K. M., and Joergl, H. (2013). Particle Generator (APG): A Soot Generator for the On-Site Checks of Particle Number (PN) Measurement Systems. in JSAE, 22–24 May 2013, Yokohama, Japan, p. 5504.
  • Giechaskiel, B., Mamakos, A., Andersson, J., Dilara, P., Martini, G., Schindler, W., et al. (2012). Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46:719–749.
  • Giechaskiel, B., and Martini, G. (2014). Review on Engine Exhaust Sub 23-nm Particles (Draft, PMP 30th Session), European Commission, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy.
  • Giechaskiel, B., Muñoz-Bueno, R., Colombo, R., Manfredi, U., and Dilara, P. (2007). PMP Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise, Report on PART 3: JRC Tests in July’06, EUR 22311 EN, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Center, European Commission, Ispra, Italy.
  • Giechaskiel, B., Wang, X., Drossinos, Y., and Gilliland, D. (2011). The Effect of Particle Chemical Composition on the Activation Probability in n-Butanol Condensation Particle Counters. J. Aerosol Sci., 42:20–37.
  • Giechaskiel, B., Wang, X., Horn, H. G., Spielvogel, J., Gerhart, C., Southgate, J., et al. (2009). Calibration of Condensation Particle Counters for Legislated Vehicle Number Emission Measurements. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43:1164–1173.
  • Grob, B., Burtscher, H., and Niessner, R. (2013). Charging of Ultra-Fine Aerosol Particles by an Ozone-Free Indirect UV Photo-Charger. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47:1325–1333.
  • Grob, B., Wolf, J. C., Kiwull, B., and Niessner, R. (2014). Calibration System with an Indirect Photoelectric Charger for Legislated Vehicle Number Emission Measurement Counters in the Single Counting Mode. J. Aerosol Sci., 70:50–58.
  • Helsper, C., Mölter, W., Löffler, F., Wadenpohl, C., Kaufmann, S., and Wenninger, G. (1993). Investigations of a New Aerosol Generator for the Production of Carbon Aggregate Particles. Atmos. Environ., 28A:1271–1275.
  • Jensen, R. K., Korcek, S., Mahoney, L. R., and Zinbo, M. (1979). Liquid-Phase Autoxidation of Organic Compounds at Elevated Temperatures. 1. The Stirred Flow Reactor Technique and Analysis of Primary Products from n-Hexadecane Autoxidation at 120–180°C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101:7574–7584.
  • Jing, L. (1999). Standard Combustion Aerosol Generator (SCAG) for Calibration Purposes, in 3rd ETH Workshop “Nanoparticle Measurement,” 9–10 August, Zürich.
  • Khalek, I., Kittelson, D., and Brear, F. (2000). Nanoparticle Growth During Dilution and Cooling of Diesel Exhaust: Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Assessment. SAE Technical Paper, 2000-01-0515.
  • Khlystov, A. (2014). Effect of Aerosol Volatility on the Sizing Accuracy of Differential Mobility Analyzers. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 48:604–619.
  • Kulmala, M., Mordas, G., Petäjä, T., Grönholm, T., Aalto, P. P., Vehkamäki, H., et al. (2007). The Condensation Particle Counter Battery (CPCB): A New Tool to Investigate the Activation Properties of Nanoparticles. J. Aerosol Sci., 38:289–304.
  • Liu, B., and Kim, C. (1977). On the Counting Efficiency of Condensation Nucleus Counters. Atmos. Environ., 11:1097–1100.
  • Mamakos, A., Giechaskiel, B., and Drossinos, Y. (2012). Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Effect of the Calibration Aerosol Material on the Counting Efficiencies of TSI 3790 Condensation Particle Counters. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47:11–21.
  • Mamakos, A., Khalek, I., Giannelli, R., and Spears, M. (2013). Characterization of Combustion Aerosol Produced by a Mini-CAST and Treated in a Catalytic Stripper. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47:927–936.
  • Maricq, M. M. (2007). Chemical Characterization of Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines: A Review. J. Aerosol Sci., 38:1079–1118.
  • Maricq, M. M. (2014). Examining the Relationship Between Black Carbon and Soot in Flames and Engine Exhaust. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 48:620–629.
  • Marshall, I., and Sandbach, E. (2007). Particle Number Counter Calibration Procedures, AEA Technology plc, United Kingdom.
  • Matter, U., Siegmann, H. C., and Burtscher, H. (1999). Dynamic Field Measurements of Submicron Particles from Diesel Engines. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33:1946–1952.
  • McMurry, P. H. (2000a). The History of Condensation Nucleus Counters. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 33:297–322.
  • McMurry, P. H. (2000b). A Review of Atmospheric Aerosol Measurements. Atmos. Environ., 34:1959–1999.
  • Meuller, B. O., Messing, M. E., Engberg, D. L. J., Jansson, A. M., Johansson, L. I. M., Norlén, S. M., et al. (2012). Review of Spark Discharge Generators for Production of Nanoparticle Aerosols. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46:1256–1270.
  • Moore, R. H., Ziemba, L. D., Dutcher, D., Beyersdorf, A. J., Chan, K., Crumeyrolle, S., et al. (2014). Mapping the Operation of the Miniature Combustion Aerosol Standard (Mini-CAST) Soot Generator. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 48:467–479.
  • Niessner, R. (1986). The Chemical Response of the Photo-Electric Aerosol Sensor (PAS) to Different Aerosol Systems. J. Aerosol Sci., 17:705–714.
  • Niessner, R., Daeumer, B., and Klockow, D. (1990). Investigation of Surface Properties of Ultrafine Particles by Application of a Multistep Condensation Nucleus Counter. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 12:953–963.
  • Niessner, R., and Helsper, C. (1985). Application of a Multistep Condensation Nuclei Counter as a Detector for Particle Surface Composition. J. Aerosol Sci., 16:201–209.
  • Niessner, R., and Klockow, D. (1980). Modified La Mer-Generator for the Production of Small Amounts of Sulfuric Acid Aerosol. Anal. Chem., 52:594–595.
  • Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., Kreidenweis, S. M., DeMott, P. J., Matsunaga, A., Lim, Y. B., et al. (2006). Chemical Aging and the Hydrophobic - to - Hydrophilic Conversion of Carbonaceous Aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33:L24806.
  • Rönkkö, T., Lähde, T., Heikkilä, J., Pirjola, L., Bauschke, U., Arnold, F., et al. (2013). Effects of Gaseous Sulphuric Acid on Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticle Formation and Characteristics. Environ. Sci. Technol., 47:11882–11889.
  • Scheibel, H., and Porstendörfer, J. (1983). Generation of Monodisperse Ag- and NaCl-Aerosols with Particle Diameters between 2 and 300 nm. J. Aerosol Sci., 14:113–126.
  • Schneider, J., Hock, N., Weimer, S., and Borrmann, S. (2005). Nucleation Particles in Diesel Exhaust: Composition Inferred from in Situ Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39:6153–6161.
  • Sem, G. (2002). Design and Performance Characteristics of three Continuous-Flow Condensation Particle Counters: A Summary. Atmos. Res., 62:267–294.
  • Shi, J. P., and Harrison, R. M. (1999). Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Formation during Diesel Exhaust Dilution. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33:3730–3736.
  • UNECE (2011a). Regulation 49, Revision 5 incl. Amendment 1. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:42013´0624%2801%29&qid=1399562643262&from=EN.
  • UNECE, (2011b). Regulation 83, Revision 4. Available at: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs/r083r4e.pdf.
  • Wang, X., Caldow, R., Sem, G., Hama, N., and Sakurai, H. (2010). Evaluation of a Condensation Particle Counter for Vehicle Emission Measurement: Experimental Procedure and Effects of Calibration Aerosol Material. J. Aerosol Sci., 41:306–318.
  • Wiedensohler, A., and Fissan, H. J. (1988). Aerosol Charging in High Purity Gases. J. Aerosol Sci., 19:387–389.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.