Nebulizer-spray chamber apparatus and method for production of multi-component particle types and their use in affecting cellular responses

References

• Adamson, I. Y., Prieditis, H., and Vincent, R. (1999). Pulmonary Toxicity of an Atmospheric Particulate Sample is due to the Soluble Fraction. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 157:43–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhtar, U. S., Rastogi, N., McWhinney, R. D., Urch, B., Chow, C.-W., Evans, G. J., and Scott, J. A. (2014). The Combined Effects of Physicochemical Properties of Size-Fractionated Ambient Particulate Matter on in Vitro Toxicity in Human A549 Lung Epithelial Cells. Toxicol. Rep., 1:145–156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alfaro-Moreno, E., Ponce-de-Leon, S., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Garcia-Cuellar, C., Martinez, L., and Rosas, I. (2007). Potential Toxic Effects Associated to Metals and Endotoxin Present in PM10: An Ancillary Study Using Multivariate Analysis. Inhal.Toxicol., 19(Suppl. 1):49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakand, S., Winder, C., Khalil, C., and Hayes, A. (2005). Toxicity Assessment of Industrial Chemicals and Airborne Contaminants: Transition from in Vivo to in Vitro Test Methods: A Review. Inhal.Toxicol., 17:775–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berube, K., Aufderheide, M., Breheney, D. et al. (2009). In Vitro Models of Inhalation Toxicity and Disease. ATLA, 37:89–141.
   Google Scholar
• Bitterle, E., Karg, E., Schroeppel, A., Kreyling, W. G., Tippe, A., Ferron, G. A., Schmid, O., Maier, K. L., and Hofer, T. (2006). Dose-Response Exposure of A549 Epithelial Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface to Airborne Ultrafine Carbonaceous Particles. Chemosphere, 65:1784–1790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brobell, D., Troller, S., Dziurowitz, N., Plitzko, S., Linsel, G., Asbach, C., Azong-Wara, N., Fissan, H., and Schmidt-Ott, A. (2013). A Thermal Precipitator for the Deposition of Airborne Nanoparticles Onto Living Cells-Rationale and Development. J. Aersol Sci., 63:75–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodie, E. L., DeSantis, T. Z., Moberg Parker, J. P., Zubietta, I. X., Piceno, Y. M., and Andersen, G. L. (2007). Urban Aerosols Harbor Diverse and Dynamic Bacterial Populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 104:299–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boumans, P. W. J. M. (1987). Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. Part II: Applications and Fundamentals, Volume 2, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 6743257.
   Google Scholar
• Clague, A. D. H., Donnet, J. B., Wang, T. K., and Peng, J. C. M. (1999). A Comparison of Diesel Engine Soot with Carbon Black. Carbon, 37:1553–1565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagher, Z., Garcon, G., Gosset, P., Ledoux, F., Surpateanu, G., Courcot, D., Aboukais, A., Puskaric, E., and Shirali, P. (2005). Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Dunkerque City Air Pollution Particulate Matter 2.5 in Human Epithelial Lung Cells (L132) in Culture. J. Appl. Toxicol., 25:166–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder, A., Gelein, R., Finkelstein, J., Phipps, R., Frampton, M., Utell, M., Kittelson, D. B., Watts, W. F., Hopke, P., Jeong, C.-H., Kim, E., Liu, W., Zhao, W., Vincent, R., Kumarathasan, P., and Oberdorster, G. (2004). On-Road Exposure to Aerosols 2. Exposures of Aged Compromised Rats. Inhal. Toxicol., 16:41–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina, F., Sancini, G., Battaglia, C., Tinaglia, V., Mantecca, P., Camatini, M., and Palestini, P. (2013). Milano Summer Particulate Matter (PM10) Triggers Lung Inflammation and Extra Pulmonary Adverse Events in Mice. PloS One, 8:e56636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio, A. J., Stonehuerner, J., Dailey, L. A., and Carter, J. D. (1999). Metals Associated with Both the Water-Soluble and Insoluble Fractions of an Ambient Air Pollution Particle Catalyze an Oxidative Stress. Inhal. Toxicol., 11:37–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grass, R. N., Limbach, L. K., Athanassiou, E. K., and Stark, W. J. (2010). Exposure of Aerosols and Nanoparticle Dispersions to in Vitro Cell Cultures: A Review on the Dose Relevance of Size, Mass, Surface and Concentration. J. Aerosol Sci., 41:1123–1142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddrell, A. E., Ishii, H., van Eeden, S. F., and Agnes, G. R. (2005). Apparatus for Preparing Mimics of Suspended Particles in the Troposphere and Their Controlled Deposition Onto Individual Lung Cells in Culture with Measurement of Downstream Biological Response. Anal. Chem., 77:3623–3628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetland, R. B., Schwarze, P. E., Johansen, B. V., Myran, T., Uthus, N., and Refsnes, M. (2001). Silica-Induced Cytokine Release from A549 Cells: Importance of Surface Area Versus Size. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 20:46–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Silica, some Silicates, Coal Dust, and Para-Aramid Fibrils (n.d.). Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum., 68:1–475.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imrich, A., Ning, Y. Y., and Kobzik, L. (2000). Insoluble Components of Concentrated Air Particles Mediate Alveolar Macrophage Responses in Vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 167:140–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava, P., Salonen, R. O., Halinen, A. I., Sillanpaa, M., Sadell, E., and Hirvonen, M.-R. (2005). Effects of Sample Preparation on Chemistry, Cytotoxicity, and Inflammatory Responses Induced by Air Particulate Matter. Inhal.Toxicol., 17:107–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaan, P. M., and Hegele, R. G. (2003). Interaction Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Particulate Matter in Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 28:697–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. Y., Gradon, L., Janeczko, S., Iskandar, F., and Okuyama, K. (2016). Formation of Highly Ordered Nanosctructures by Drying Micrometer Colloidal Droplets. ACS Nano, 4:4717–4724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz, A. G., Karg, E., Lentner, B., Dittrich, V., Brandenberger, C., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Schulz, H., Ferron, G. A., and Schmid, O. (2009). A Dose-Controlled System for Air-Liquid Interface Cell Exposure and Application to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Part. Fibre Toxicol., 6:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, C. C., Ignatius, T. S. Y., and Chen, W. (2012). Silicosis. Lancet, 379:2008–2018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, W., Huang, Y. W., Zhou, X. D., and Ma, Y. (2006). In Vitro Toxicity of Silica Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 217:252–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longerich, H. P. (1993). Automated Two-Speed Peristaltic Pump Controller for Reduced Sample Wash-out Time and Analysis of Small Sample Volumes. J. Anal. Atomic Spectrom., 8:371–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauderley, J. L., and Samet, J. M. (2009). Is There Evidence for Synergy Among Air Pollutants in Causing Health Effects? Environ. Health Perspect., 117:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motl, N. E., Mann, A. K. P., and Skrabalak, S. E. (2013). Aerosol-Assisted Synthesis and Assembly of Nanoscale Building Blocks. J. Mater. Chem. A., 1:5193–5202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naimabadi, A., Ghadiri, A., Idani, E., Babaei, A. A., Alavi, N., Shirmardi, M., Khodadadi, A., Marzouni, M. B., Ankali, K. A., Rouhizadeh, A., and Goudarzi, G. (2016). Chemical Composition of PM and Its in Vitro Toxicological Impacts on Lung Cells During the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) Storms in Ahvaz, Iran. Environ. Pollut., 211:316–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2016). Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica. 81-FR-16285.
   Google Scholar
• Puledda, S., Paoletti, L., and Ferdinandi, M. (1999). Airborne Quartz Concentration in An Urban Site. Environ. Pollut., 104:441–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulskamp, K., Diabate, S., and Krug, H. F. (2007). Carbon Nanotubes Show no Sign of Acute Toxicity But Induce Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in Dependence on Contaminants. Toxicol. Lett., 168:58–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez, R., Todolí, J. L., Lienemann, C.-P., and Mermet, J.-M. (2010). Air-Segmented, 5-μL Flow Injection Associated with a 200 °C Heated Chamber to Minimize Plasma Loading Limitations and Difference of Behaviour Between Alkanes, Aromatic Compounds and Petroleum Products in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. J. Anal. Atomic Spectrom., 25:1888–1894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheller, J., Chalaris, A., Schmidt-Arras, D., and Rose-John, S. (2011). The Pro-and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Cytokine Interleukin-6. Biochim.Biophys.Acta., 1813:878–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, C., Farkas, L., Wolf, K., Kratzel, K., Eissner, G., and Pfeifer, M. (2002). Differences in LPS-Induced Activation of Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B) and Type II-Like Pneumocytes (A-549). Scand. J. Immunol., 56:294–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiraki, R., and Holmen, B. A. (2002). Airborne Respirable Silica near a Sand and Gravel Facility in Central California: XRD and Elemental Analysis To Distinguish Source and Background Quartz. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36:4956–4961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillanpää, M., Geller, M. D., Phuleria, H. C., and Sioutas, C. (2008). High Collection Efficiency Electrostatic Precipitator for in Vitro Cell Exposure to Concentrated Ambient Particulate Matter (PM). J. Aerosol Sci., 39:335–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S., Shi, T., Duffin, R., Albrecht, C., van Berlo, D., Hohr, D., Fubini, B., Martra, G., Fenoglio, I., Borm, P. J., and Schins, R. P. (2007). Endocytosis, Oxidative Stress and IL-8 Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Upon Treatment with Fine and Ultrafine TiO2: Role of the Specific Surface Area and of Surface Methylation of the Particles. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 222:141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolov, S. V., Tschulik, K., Batchelor-McAuley, C., Jurkschat, K., and Compton, R. G. (2015). Reversible or not? Distinguishing Agglomeration and Aggregation at the Nanoscale. Anal. Chem., 87:10033–10039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soukup, J. M., Ghio, A. J., and Becker, S. (2000). Soluble Components of Utah Valley Particulate Pollution Alter Alveolar Macrophage Function in Vivo and in Vitro. Inhal.Toxicol., 12:401–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suwa, T., Hogg, J. C., Quinlan, K. B., Ohgami, A., Vincent, R., and van Eeden, S. F. (2002). Particulate Air Pollution Induces Progression of Atherosclerosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 39:935–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, J. W. (2009). The Effect of Environmental Parameters in the Survival of Airborne Infectious Agents. J. R. Soc. Interface., 6:S737–S746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao, F., and Kobzik, L. (2002). Lung Macrophage-Epithelial Cell Interactions Amplify Particle-Mediated Cytokine Release. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 26:499–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. EPA (1996). Health Effects of Inhaled Crystalline and Amorphous Silica. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center For Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park Office, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA/600/R-95/115.
   Google Scholar
• van de Stolpe, A., and van der Saag, P. T. (1996). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J. Mol. Med., 74:13–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velali, E., Papachristou, E., Pantazaki, A., Choli-Papadopoulou, T., Planou, S., Kouras, A., Manoli, E., Besis, A., Voutsa, D., and Samara, C. (2016). Redox Activity and in Vitro Bioactivity of the Water-Soluble Fraction of Urban Particulate Matter in Relation to Particle Size and Chemical Composition. Environ. Pollut., 208:774–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, A. Y., and Valberg, P. A. (2001). Carbon Black and Soot: Two Different Substances. J. Am. Ind. Hy. Assoc., 62:218–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wottrich, R., Diabate, S., and Krug, H. F. (2004). Biological Effects of Ultrafine Model Particles in Human Macrophages and Epithelial Cells in Mono-and Co-Culture. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 207:353–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zosky, G. R., Iosifidis, T., Perks, K., Ditcham, W. G. F., Devadason, S. G., Siah, S. S., Devine, B., Maley, F., and Cook, A. (2014). The Concentration of Iron in Real-World Geogenic PM10 Is Associated with Increased Inflammation and Deficits in Lung Function in Mice. PloS one, 9:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar