1,832
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

First measurements of the number size distribution of 1–2 nm aerosol particles released from manufacturing processes in a cleanroom environment

, , , , , & show all
Pages 685-693 | Received 08 Oct 2016, Accepted 23 Jan 2017, Published online: 08 Mar 2017

References

  • ANSI/IEST/ISO (1999). ANSI/IEST/ISO 14644-1: 1999. Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments—Part 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Borm, P. J., Robbins, D., Haubold, S., Kuhlbusch, T., Fissan, H., Donaldson, K., Schins, R., Stone, V., Kreyling, W., Lademann, J., Krutmann, J., Warheit, D., and Oberdorster, E. (2006). The Potential Risks of Nanomaterials: A Review Carried Out for ECETOC. Part Fibre Toxicol., 3:11.
  • Elsaesser, A., and Howard, C. V. (2012). Toxicology of Nanoparticles. Adv. Drug. Del. Rev., 64:129–137.
  • Ensor, D. S., and Marie Dixon, A. (2011). Aerosol Measurements in Cleanrooms, in Aerosol Measurement, P. Kulkarni, P. A. Baron, and K. Willeke, eds., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 771–784.
  • Hirsikko, A., Nieminen, T., Gagne, S., Lehtipalo, K., Manninen, H. E., Ehn, M., Horrak, U., Kerminen, V. M., Laakso, L., McMurry, P. H., Mirme, A., Mirme, S., Petäjä, T., Tammet, H., Vakkari, V., Vana, M., and Kulmala, M. (2011). Atmospheric Ions and Nucleation: A Review of Observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11:767–798.
  • Hirsikko, A., Yli-Juuti, T., Nieminen, T., Vartiainen, E., Laakso, L., Hussein, T., and Kulmala, M. (2007). Indoor and Outdoor Air Ions and Aerosol Particles in the Urban Atmosphere of Helsinki: Characteristics, Sources and Formation. Boreal Environ. Res., 12:295–310.
  • Junninen, H., Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Luosujärvi, L., Kotiaho, T., Kostiainen, R., Rohner, U., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R. (2010). A High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer to Measure Atmospheric Ion Composition. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3:1039–1053.
  • Kangasluoma, J., Ahonen, L., Attoui, M., Vuollekoski, H., Kulmala, M., and Petäjä, T. (2015). Sub-3 nm Particle Detection with Commercial TSI 3772 and Airmodus A20 Fine Condensation Particle Counters. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 49:674–681.
  • Kangasluoma, J., Junninen, H., Lehtipalo, K., Mikkilä, J., Vanhanen, J., Attoui, M., Sipilä, M., Worsnop, D., Kulmala, M., and Petäjä, T. (2013). Remarks on Ion Generation for CPC Detection Efficiency Studies in Sub-3-nm Size Range. Aerosol Science and Technology 47:556–563.
  • Kangasluoma, J., Kuang, C., Wimmer, D., Rissanen, M. P., Lehtipalo, K., Ehn, M., Worsnop, D. R., Wang, J., Kulmala, M., and Petäjä, T. (2014). Sub-3 nm Particle Size and Composition Dependent Response of a Nano-CPC Battery. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7:689–700.
  • Kangasluoma, J., Samodurov, A., Attoui, M., Franchin, A., Junninen, H., Korhonen, F., Kurtén, T., Vehkamäki, H., Sipilä, M., Lehtipalo, K., Worsnop, D. R., Petäjä, T., and Kulmala, M. (2016). Heterogeneous Nucleation onto Ions and Neutralized Ions: Insights into Sign-Preference. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120:7444–7450.
  • Kulmala, M., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Lehtipalo, K., Manninen, H. E., Nieminen, T., Petäjä, T., Sipilä, M., Schobesberger, S., Rantala, P., Franchin, A., Jokinen, T., Järvinen, E., Äijala, M., Kangasluoma, J., Hakala, J., Aalto, P. P., Paasonen, P., Mikkilä, J., Vanhanen, J., Aalto, J., Hakola, H., Makkonen, U., Ruuskanen, T., Mauldin, R. L., Duplissy, J., Vehkamäki, H., Back, J., Kortelainen, A., Riipinen, I., Kurten, T., Johnston, M. V., Smith, J. N., Ehn, M., Mentel, T. F., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Laaksonen, A., Kerminen, V. M., and Worsnop, D. R. (2013). Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation. Science, 339:943–946.
  • Kulmala, M., Petäjä, T., Nieminen, T., Sipilä, M., Manninen, H. E., Lehtipalo, K., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P.P., Junninen, H., Paasonen, P., Riipinen, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Laaksonen, A., and Kerminen, V. M. (2012). Measurement of the Nucleation of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles. Nat. Protoc., 7:1651–1667.
  • Kulmala, M., Vehkamäki, H., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A., Kerminen, V. M., Birmili, W., and McMurry, P. H. (2004). Formation and Growth Rates of Ultrafine Atmospheric Particles: A Review of Observations. J. Aerosol Sci., 35:143–176.
  • Lee, K. W., and Chen, H. (1984). Coagulation Rate of Polydisperse Particles. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 3:327–334.
  • Lehtinen, K. E. J., Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., and Kerminen, V. M. (2007). Estimating Nucleation Rates from Apparent Particle Formation Rates and Vice Versa: Revised Formulation of the Kerminen-Kulmala Equation. J. Aerosol Sci., 38:988–994.
  • Lehtipalo, K., Leppä, J., Kontkanen, J., Kangasluoma, J., Franchin, A., Wimnner, D., Schobesberger, S., Junninen, H., Petäjä, T., Sipilä, M., Mikkilä, J., Vanhanen, J., Worsnop, D. R., and Kulmala, M. (2014). Methods for Determining Particle Size Distribution and Growth Rates Between 1 and 3 nm using the Particle Size Magnifier. Boreal Environ. Res., 19:215–236.
  • McMurry, P. H., and Friedlander, S. K. (1979). New Particle Formation in the Presence of an Aerosol. Atmos. Environ., 13:1635–1651.
  • Meng, X., Ma, Y., Chen, R., Zhou, Z., Chen, B., and Kan, H. (2013). Size-Fractionated Particle Number Concentrations and Daily Mortality in a Chinese city. Environ. Health Perspect., 121:1174–1178.
  • Nel, A., Xia, T., Madler, L., and Li, N. (2006). Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel. Science, 311:622–627.
  • Oberdorster, G., Oberdorster, E., and Oberdorster, J. (2005). Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles. Environ. Health Persp., 113:823–839.
  • Pawar, K., and Kaul, G. (2014). Toxicity of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Causes Functionality and DNA Damage in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Sperm In Vitro. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 30:520–533.
  • Pekkanen, J., Timonen, K. L., Ruuskanen, J., Reponen, A., and Mirme, A. (1997). Effects of Ultrafine and Fine Particles in Urban Air on Peak Expiratory Flow Among Children with Asthmatic Symptoms. Environ. Res., 74:24–33.
  • Peters, A., Wichmann, H. E., Tuch, T., Heinrich, J., and Heyder, J. (1997). Respiratory Effects are Associated with the Number of Ultrafine Particles. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care, 155:1376–1383.
  • Savolainen, K., Pylkkanen, L., Norppa, H., Falck, G., Lindberg, H., Tuomi, T., Vippola, M., Alenius, H., Hameri, K., Koivisto, J., Brouwer, D., Mark, D., Bard, D., Berges, M., Jankowska, E., Posniak, M., Farmer, P., Singh, R., Krombach, F., Bihari, P., Kasper, G., and Seipenbusch, M. (2010). Nanotechnologies, Engineered Nanomaterials and Occupational Health and Safety - A Review. Safety Sci., 48:957–963.
  • Schmoll, L. H., Elzey, S., Grassian, V. H., and O'Shaughnessy, P. T. (2009). Nanoparticle Aerosol Generation Methods from Bulk Powders for Inhalation Exposure Studies. Nanotoxicology, 3:265–275.
  • Strak, M., Janssen, N. A. H., Godri, K. J., Gosens, I., Mudway, I. S., Cassee, F. R., Lebret, E., Kelly, F. J., Harrison, R. M., Brunekreef, B., Steenhof, M., and Hoek, G. (2012). Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter: The Role of Particle Size, Composition, and Oxidative Potential-The RAPTES Project. Environ. Health Persp., 120:1183–1189.
  • Vanhanen, J., Mikkilä, J., Lehtipalo, K., Sipilä, M., Manninen, H. E., Siivola, E., Petäjä, T., and Kulmala, M. (2011). Particle Size Magnifier for Nano-CN Detection. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45:533–542.
  • Xiao, S., Wang, M. Y., Yao, L., Kulmala, M., Zhou, B., Yang, X., Chen, J. M., Wang, D. F., Fu, Q. Y., Worsnop, D. R., and Wang, L. (2015). Strong Atmospheric New Particle Formation in Winter in Urban Shanghai, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15:1769–1781.
  • Yli-Juuti, T., Nieminen, T., Hirsikko, A., Aalto, P. P., Asmi, E., Horrak, U., Manninen, H. E., Patokoski, J., Dal Maso, M., Petäjä, T., Rinne, J., Kulmala, M., and Riipinen, I. (2011). Growth Rates of Nucleation Mode Particles in Hyytiälä During 2003–2009: Variation with Particle Size, Season, Data Analysis Method and Ambient Conditions. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11:12865–12886.
  • Yokel, R. A., and MacPhail, R. C. (2011). Engineered Nanomaterials: Exposures, Hazards, and Risk Prevention. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol., 6.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.