Prevalence and Treatment of Substance Abuse in the Mentally Retarded Population: An Empirical Review

REFERENCES

• Andrews , M. B. 1991 . Predictors of community adjustment in dually diagnosed adolescents and young adults discharged from a residential treatment facility New York : St. John's University. . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Azrin , N. H. , Acierno , R. , Kogan , E. S. , Donohue , B. , Besalel , V. A. and McMahon , P. T. 1996 . Follow-up results of supportive versus behavioral therapy for illicit drug use . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 34 : 41 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azrin , N. H. , Donohue , B. , Besalel , V. A. , Kogan , E. S. and Acierno , R. 1994 . a. Youth drug abuse treatment: A controlled outcome study . Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse , 3 ( 3 ) : 1 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azrin , N. H. , McMahon , P. T. , Donohue , B. , Besalel , V. A. , Lapinski , K. J. , Kogan , E. , Acierno , R. E. and Galloway , E. 1994 . b. Behavior therapy for drug abuse: A controlled treatment outcome study . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 32 : 857 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt , B. 1987 . The Conquest of Mental Retardation. Austin, Texas : PRO-ED, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Edgerton , R. B. 1986 . Alcohol and drug use by mentally retarded adults . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 90 : 602 – 9 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brier , N. 1986 . The mildly retarded adolescent: A psychosocial perspective . Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 7 ( 5 ) : 320 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , A. M. 1981 . The drinking behavior of the educable mentally retarded and the nonretarded students . Journal of Alcohol and Drug Abuse , 26 : 41 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , H. I. , Sadock , J. S. and Grebb , J. A. 1994 . Synopsis of Psychiatry. , Seventh Ed. Baltimore, Maryland : Williams & Wilkins. .
   Google Scholar
• Knight-Taylor , M. 1991 . “ Functional and psychosocial implications of mental retardation. ” . In Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse: Implications for Mental Retardation and Learning Disabilities. Hempstead, New York : Hofstra University, School of Education. .
   Google Scholar
• Krischef , C. H. 1986 . Do the mentally retarded drink? A study of their alcohol usage . Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education , 31 : 64 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Krischef , C. H. and DiNitto , D. M. 1981 . Alcohol abuse among mentally retarded individuals . Mental Retardation , 19 : 151 – 5 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawrenson , H. , Lindsay , W. R. and Walker , P. 1995 . The pattern of alcohol consumption within a sample of mentally handicapped people in Tayside . Mental Handicap Research , 8 : 54 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Lottman , T. J. 1993 . Access to generic substance abuse services for persons with mental retardation . Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education , 39 : 41 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Maine Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation . 1984 . The Maine Approach: A Treatment Model for the Intellectually Limited Substance Abuser. Augusta, Maine : Maine Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation. .
   Google Scholar
• Midanik , L. T. and Clark , W. B. 1994 . The demographic distribution of U.S. drinking patterns in 1990: Descriptions and trends from 1984 . American Journal of Public Health , 84 : 1218 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , W. R. and Brown , S. A. 1997 . Why psychologists should treat alcohol and drug problems . American Psychologist , 52 : 1269 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxon , J. E. 1995 . Relapse prevention for individuals with developmental disabilities, borderline intellectual functioning, or illiteracy . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 27 : 167 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimmer , J. H. , Braddock , D. and Marks , B. 1995 . Health characteristics and behaviors of adults with mental retardation residing in three living arrangements . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 16 : 489 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowitz , L. 1988 . The forgotten ones: Adolescents and mental retardation . Mental Retardation , : 115 – 77 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) . 1996 . Preliminary Estimates from the 1995 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Advance Report No. 18. Rockville, Maryland : Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. .
   Google Scholar
• Small , J. 1980/81 . Emotions anonymous: Counseling the mentally retarded substance abuser . Alcohol Health Research World , 5 : 46
   Google Scholar
• Sobell , L. C. and Sobell , M. B. 1992 . “ Timeline follow-back: A technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. ” . In Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biological Methods. Edited by: Litten , R. and Allen , J. Clifton, New Jersey : Humana Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Wenc , F. 1981 . The developmentally disabled substance abuser . Alcohol Health and Research World , 5 : 42 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Westermeyer , J. , Kemp , K. and Nugent , S. 1996 . Substance disorder among persons with mild mental retardation . American Journal on Addictions , 5 : 23 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westermeyer , J. , Phaobtong , T. and Neider , J. 1988 . Substance use and abuse among mentally retarded persons: A comparison of patients and a survey population . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 14 : 109 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar