Spiritual/Religious Experiences and In-Treatment Outcome in an Inner-City Program for Heroin and Cocaine Dependence

REFERENCES

• Alford , G. S. , Koehler , R. A. and Leonard , J. 1991 . Alcoholics Anonymous - Narcotics Anonymous model inpatient treatment of chemically dependent adolescents—a 2-year outcome study . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 52 ( 2 ) : 118 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , R. M. , Avants , S. K. , Margolin , A. and Marcotte , D. 2002 . Patient attitudes concerning the inclusion of spirituality into addiction treatment . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 23 ( 4 ) : 319 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avants , S. K. , Warburton , L. A. and Margolin , A. 2001 . Spiritual and religious support in recovery from addiction among HIV-positive injection drug users . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 33 ( 1 ) : 39 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaine , B. and Crocker , J. 1995 . Religiousness, race, and psychological well-being—exploring social-psychological mediators . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 21 ( 10 ) : 1031 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borman , P. D. and Dixon , D. N. 1998 . Spirituality and the 12 steps of substance abuse recovery . Journal of Psychology and Theology , 26 ( 3 ) : 287 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brush , B. L. and McGee , E. M. 2000 . Evaluating the spiritual perspectives of homeless men in recovery . Applied Nursing Research , 13 ( 4 ) : 181 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors , G. J. and Dermen , K. H. 1996 . Characteristics of participants in Secular Organizations for Sobriety (SOS) . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 22 ( 2 ) : 281 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , C. C. 2004 . Addiction and spirituality . Addiction , 99 ( 5 ) : 539 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , L. A. , Brown , C. , Vu , H. T. , Ford , D. E. and Powe , N. R. 2001 . How important is intrinsic spirituality in depression care? A comparison of white and African-American primary care patients . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 16 : 634 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , J. A. and Smith , T. W. 1985 . General Social Surveys, 1972–1985. Chicago : N.O.R. Center. .
   Google Scholar
• Dermatis , H. , Guschwan , M. T. , Galanter , M. and Bunt , G. 2004 . Orientation toward spirituality and self-help approaches in the therapeutic community . Journal of Addictive Diseases , 23 ( 1 ) : 39 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiLorenzo , P. , Johnson , R. and Bussey , M. 2001 . The role of spirituality in the recovery process . Child Welfare , 80 ( 2 ) : 257 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egbert , N. , Mickley , J. and Coeling , H. 2004 . A review and application of social scientific measures of religiosity and spirituality: Assessing a missing component in health communication research . Health Communications , 16 ( 1 ) : 7 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn , P. M. , Joe , G. W. , Broome , K. M. , Simpson , D. D. and Brown , B. S. 2003a . Recovery from opioid addiction in DATOS . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 25 ( 3 ) : 177 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn , P. M. , Joe , G. W. , Broome , K. M. , Simpson , D. D. and Brown , B. S. 2003b . Looking back on cocaine dependence: Reasons for recovery . American Journal on Addictions , 12 ( 5 ) : 398 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeley , A. 1984 . Religious Imagery as a Predictor Variable in the General Social Survey. Chicago : Society for the Scientific Study of Religion. .
   Google Scholar
• Green , L. L. , Fullilove , M. T. and Fullilove , R. E. 1998 . Stories of spiritual awakening—the nature of spirituality in recovery . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 15 ( 4 ) : 325 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinebaugh-Igoe , L. 1999 . “ Index of core spiritual experiences. ” . In Measures of Religiosity. Edited by: Hill , P. C. and Hood , R. W. Birmingham, AL : Religious Education Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Hopson , R. E. 1996 . “ The 12-step program. ” . In Religion and the Clinical Practice of Psychology. Edited by: Shafranske , E. P. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association. .
   Google Scholar
• Humphreys , K. , Kaskutas , L. A. and Weisner , C. 1998 . The relationship of pre-treatment Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation with problem severity, social resources and treatment history . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 49 ( 2 ) : 123 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys , K. and Moos , R. 2001 . Can encouraging substance abuse patients to participate in self-help groups reduce demand for health care? A quasi-experimental study . Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research , 25 ( 5 ) : 711 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys , K. , Wing , S. , McCarty , D. , Chappel , J. , Gallant , L. , Haberle , B. , Horvath , A. , Kaskutas , L. A. , Kirk , T. , Kivlahan , D. , Ludet , A. , McCrady , B. S. , McLellan , A. , Morgenstern , J. , Townsend , M. and Weiss , R. 2004 . Self-help organizations for alcohol and drug problems: Toward evidence-based practice and policy . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 26 ( 3 ) : 151 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagers , R. J. and Smith , P. 1996 . Further examination of the spirituality scale . Journal of Black Psychology , 22 : 429 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , G. D. , Matre , M. and Armbrecht , G. 1991 . Race and religiosity—an empirical evaluation of a causal model . Review of Religious Research , 32 : 252 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass , J. D. , Friedman , R. , Leserman , J. , Zuttermeister , P. C. and Benson , H. 1991 . Health outcomes and a new index of spiritual experience . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 30 ( 2 ) : 203 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koski-Jannes , A. and Turner , N. 1999 . Factors influencing recovery from different addictions . Addiction Research , 7 ( 6 ) : 469 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laudet , A. B. 2003 . Attitudes and beliefs about 12-step groups among addiction treatment clients and clinicians: Toward identifying obstacles to participation . Substance Use & Misuse , 38 ( 14 ) : 2017 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew , R. J. , Mathew , V. G. , Wilson , W. H. and Georgi , J. M. 1995 . Measurement of materialism and spiritualism in substance-abuse research . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 56 ( 4 ) : 470 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan , A. , Lubarsky , L. , Cacciola , J. , Griffith , J. , Evans , F. , Barr , H. and O'Brien , C. 1985 . New data from the Addiction Severity Index: Reliability and validity in three centers . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 173 : 412 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , G. , Fleming , W. and Brown , A. F. 1998 . Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Ethnic differences between Caucasians and African-Americans . Journal of Psychology and Theology , 26 : 358 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgenstern , J. , Frey , R. M. , McCrady , B. S. , Labouvie , E. and Neighbors , C. J. 1996 . Examining mediators of change in traditional chemical dependency treatment . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 57 ( 1 ) : 53 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nealon-Woods , M. A. , Ferrari , J. R. and Jason , L. A. 1995 . Twelve-step program use among Oxford House residents: Spirituality or social support in sobriety? . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 7 : 311 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Piedmont , R. L. 2004 . Spiritual transcendence as a predictor of psychosocial outcome from an outpatient substance abuse program . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 18 ( 3 ) : 213 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , L. H. , Shahabi , L. and Thoresen , C. E. 2003 . Religion and spirituality—linkages to physical health . American Psychologist , 58 ( 1 ) : 36 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prezioso , F. A. 1987 . Spirituality in the recovery process . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 4 ( 3–4 ) : 233 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer , T. N. , Acampora , A. P. , O'Connor , L. E. and Berry , J. W. 1995 . The changing relationship between therapeutic communities and 12-step programs—a survey . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 27 ( 2 ) : 177 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood , L. G. 1999 . Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality for Use in Health Research. Kalaaoo, MI : Fetzer Institute, National Institute on Aging Working Group. .
   Google Scholar
• Vandecreek , L. , Ayres , S. and Bassham , M. 1995 . Using INSPIRIT to conduct spiritual assessments . Journal of Pastoral Care , 49 : 83 – 89 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallen , M. C. , Weiner , H. D. , Mansi , A. and Deal , D. 1987 . Utilization of 12-step theme groups in a short-term chemical-dependence treatment unit . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 19 ( 3 ) : 287 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warfield , R. D. and Goldstein , M. B. 1996 . Spirituality: The key to recovery from alcoholism . Counseling & Values , 40 ( 3 ) : 196 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Winzelberg , A. and Humphreys , K. 1999 . Should patients' religiosity influence clinicians' referral to 12-step self-help groups? Evidence from a study of 3,018 male substance abuse patients . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 67 ( 5 ) : 790 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar