Differential Substance Abuse Patterns Distribute According To Gender In Heroin Addicts

REFERENCES

• Benda , B. B. 2005 . Gender differences in predictors of suicidal thoughts and attempts among homeless veterans that abuse substances . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour , 35 ( 1 ) : 106 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd , S. J. , Thomas-Gosain , N. F. , Umbricht , A. , Tucker , M. J. , Leslie , J. M. , Chaisson , R. E. and Preston , K. L. 2004 . Gender differences in indices of opioid dependency and medical comorbidity in a population of hospitalized HIV-infected African-Americans . American Journal on Addictions , 13 ( 3 ) : 281 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , K. T. and Randall , C. L. 1999 . Gender differences in substance use disorders . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 22 ( 2 ) : 241 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , K. T. , Grice , D. E. , Dustan , L. and Randall , C. 1993 . Gender differences in substance use disorders . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 ( 11 ) : 1707 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bretteville-Jensen , A. L. 1999 . Gender, heroin consumption and economic behaviour . Health Economics , 8 ( 5 ) : 379 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , T. G. , Kokin , M. , Seraganian , P. and Shields , N. 1995 . The role of spouses of substance abusers in treatment: Gender differences . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 27 ( 3 ) : 223 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunette , M. and Drake , R. E. 1998 . Gender differences in homeless persons with schizophrenia and substance abuse . Community Mental Health Journal , 34 ( 6 ) : 627 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunette , M. F. and Drake , R. E. 1997 . Gender differences in patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 38 ( 2 ) : 109 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callaghan , R. C. and Cunningham , J. A. 2002 . Gender differences in detoxification: Predictors of completion and re-admission . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 23 ( 4 ) : 399 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton , W. M. 3rd , Cottler , L. B. , Ben Abdallah , A. , Phelps , D. L. , Spitznagel , E. L. and Horton , J. C. 2000 . Substance dependence and other psychiatric disorders among drug dependent subjects: Race and gender correlates . American Journal on Addictions , 9 ( 2 ) : 113 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , B. , Hegstrom , C. D. , Villeneuve , L. S. and Breedlove , S. M. 1998 . Sexual differentiation of the vertebrate brain: Principles and mechanisms . Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology , 19 ( 4 ) : 323 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Wilde , J. , Soyez , V. , Broekaert , E. , Rosseel , Y. , Kaplan , C. and Larsson , J. 2004 . Problem severity profiles of substance abusing women in European therapeutic communities: Influence of psychiatric problems . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 26 ( 4 ) : 243 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , E. 1994 . Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology. Washington, DC : American Psychopathological Association. .
   Google Scholar
• Gavranidou , M. and Rosner , R. 2003 . The weaker sex? Gender and posttraumatic stress disorder . Depression and Anxiety , 17 ( 3 ) : 130 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacomuzzi , S. M. , Riemer , Y. , Ertl , M. , Kemmler , G. , Rossler , H. , Hinterhuber , H. and Kurz , M. 2005 . Gender differences in health-related quality of life on admission to a maintenance treatment program . European Addiction Research , 11 ( 2 ) : 69 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene , M. H. , Luke , J. L. and DuPont , R. L. 1974 . Opiate overdose deaths in the District of Columbia. II. Methadone-related fatalities . Journal of Forensic Sciences , 19 ( 3 ) : 575 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grella , C. E. , Scott , C. K. and Foss , M. A. 2005 . Gender differences in long-term drug treatment outcomes in Chicago PETS . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 28 ( Suppl 1 ) : S3 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grilo , C. M. , Martino , S. , Walker , M. L. , Becker , D. F. , Edell , W. S. and McGlashan , T. H. 1997 . Psychiatric comorbidity differences in male and female adult psychiatric inpatients with substance use disorders . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 38 ( 3 ) : 155 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung , C. M. and Widiger , T. A. 1998 . Gender differences in the diagnosis of mental disorders: Conclusions and controversies of the DSM-IV . Psychological Bulletin , 123 ( 3 ) : 260 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kecskes , I. , Rihmer , Z. , Kiss , K. , Sarai , T. , Szabo , A. and Kiss , G. H. 2002 . Gender differences in panic disorder symptoms and illicit drug use among young people in Hungary . European Psychiatry , 17 ( 1 ) : 29 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , B. C. and Parsons , J. T. 2007 . Prescription drug misuse among club drug-using young adults . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 33 ( 6 ) : 875 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreek , M. J. 1995 . “ Pharmacological treatment of addiction: Normalization of physiology and AIDS risk reduction. ” . In Drug Addiction and Related Clinical Problems. Edited by: Tagliamonte , A. and Maremmani , I. Wien, New York : Springer Verlag. .
   Google Scholar
• Kuehner , C. 2003 . Gender differences in unipolar depression: An update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 108 ( 3 ) : 163 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landheim , A. S. , Bakken , K. and Vaglum , P. 2003 . Gender differences in the prevalence of symptom disorders and personality disorders among poly-substance abusers and pure alcoholics. Substance abusers treated in two counties in Norway . European Addiction Research , 9 ( 1 ) : 8 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibenluft , E. 1999 . Gender differences in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder . CNS Spectrums , 4 ( 10 ) : 25 – 33 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magura , S. , Kang , S. Y. , Rosenblum , A. , Handelsman , L. and Foote , J. 1998 . Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity among cocaine-using opiate addicts . Journal of Addictive Diseases , 17 ( 3 ) : 49 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann , K. , Ackermann , K. , Croissant , B. , Mundie , G. , Nakovics , H. and Diehl , A. 2005 . Neuroimaging of gender differences in alcohol dependence: Are women more vulnerable? . Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research , 29 ( 5 ) : 896 – 901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maremmani , I. and Castrogiovanni , P. 1989 . DAH-RS: Drug Addiction History Rating Scale. Pisa : University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Maremmani , I. , Pacini , M. , Pani , P. P. , Popovic , D. , Romano , A. , Maremmani , A. G.I. , Deltito , J. and Perugi , G. 2009 . Use of “street methadone” in Italian heroin addicts presenting for opioid agonist treatment . Journal of Addictive Diseases , 28 ( 4 ) : 382 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 1987 . Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory . Psychological Bulletin , 101 ( 2 ) : 259 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petronis , A. 2001 . Human morbid genetics revisited: Relevance of epigenetics . Trends in Genetics , 17 ( 3 ) : 142 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , A. G. and First , M. B. 2007 . “ Introduction. ” . In Age and Gender Considerations in Psychiatric Diagnosis. Edited by: Narrow , W. E. , First , M. B. , Sirovatka , P. J. and Regier , D. A. Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing. .
   Google Scholar
• Piccinelli , M. and Wilkinson , G. 2000 . Gender differences in depression. Critical review . British Journal of Psychiatry , 177 : 486 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridenour , T. A. , Maldonado-Molina , M. , Compton , W. M. , Spitznagel , E. L. and Cottler , L. B. 2005 . Factors associated withthe transition from abuse to dependence among substance abusers: Implications for a measure of addictive liability . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 80 ( 1 ) : 1 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan-Szal , G. A. , Chatham , L. R. , Joe , G. W. and Simpson , D. D. 2000 . Services provided during methadone treatment. A gender comparison . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 19 ( 1 ) : 7 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shear , K. , Halmi , K. A. , Widiger , T. A. and Boyce , C. 2007 . “ Sociocultural factors and gender. ” . In Age and Gender Considerations in Psychiatric Diagnosis. Edited by: Narrow , W. E. , First , M. B. , Sirovatka , P. J. and Regier , D. A. Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing. .
   Google Scholar
• Shrier , L. A. , Harris , S. K. , Kurland , M. and Knight , J. R. 2003 . Substance use problems and associated psychiatric symptoms among adolescents in primary care . Pediatrics , 111 ( 6 Pt 1 ) : e699 – 705 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens , R. C. and Weppner , R. S. 1973 . Legal and illegal use of methadone: One year later . American Journal of Psychiatry , 130 ( 12 ) : 1391 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , D. , Gossop , M. , Marsden , J. , Kidd , T. and Treacy , S. 2003 . Similarities in outcomes for men and women after drug misuse treatment: Results from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS) . Drug and Alcohol Review , 22 ( 1 ) : 35 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , M. 1982 . Heroin, morphine found comparable as pain-killer . Science , 216 ( 4543 ) : 277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verebey , K. E. 1982 . Opioids in mental illness: Theories, clinical observations and treatment possibilities . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , : 398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner-Servais , D. and Erkens , M. 2003 . Methadone-related deaths associated with faulty induction procedures . Journal of Maintenance in the Addictions , 2 ( 3 ) : 57 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Weissman , M. M. and Klerman , G. L. 1977 . Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 34 ( 1 ) : 98 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zador , D. and Sunjic , S. 2000 . Deaths in methadone maintenance treatment in New South Wales, Australia 1990–1995 . Addiction , 95 ( 1 ) : 77 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann , G. , Pin , M. A. , Krenz , S. , Bouchat , A. , Favrat , B. , Besson , J. and Zullino , D. F. 2004 . Prevalence of social phobia in a clinical sample of drug dependent patients . Journal of Affective Disorders , 83 ( 1 ) : 83 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar