Impulsivity in Alcohol-Dependent Patients with and without ADHD: The Role of Atomoxetine

References

• Adler, L., T. Wilens, S. Zhang, T. Durell, D. Walker, L. Schuh, L. Jin, P. Feldman, and P. Trzepacz. 2009. Retrospective safety analysis of atomoxetine in adult ADHD patients with or without comorbid alcohol abuse and dependence. The American Journal on Addictions 18:393–401. doi:10.3109/10550490903077663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babor, T. H., J. C. Higgins-Biddle, and M. G. Monteiro. 2001. AUDIT: The alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary care. 2nd ed., 1–40. Geneva: World Health Organization 2001. Accessed May 25, 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/67205/1/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ballon, N., P. Brunault, and S. Cortese. 2015. Sensation seeking and cocaine dependence in adults with reported childhood ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders 19:335–42. doi:10.1177/1087054714543651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkley, R. A., M. Fischer, L. Smallish, and K. Fletcher. 2002. The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111:279–89. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.2.279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benegal, V., B. Viswanath, J. C. Narayanaswamy, S. P. Jose, V. Chakraborty, D. Sankar, T. Kandavel., and M. Kesavan. 2016. The efficacy of atomoxetine as adjunctive treatment for co-morbid substance use disorders and externalizing symptoms. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 6:544–47. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.07.007.
   Google Scholar
• Blonigen, D. M., C. Timko, B. S. Moos, and R. H. Moos. 2011. Impulsivity is an independent predictor of a 15-year mortality risk among individuals seeking help for alcohol-related problems. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 36:2082–92. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01560.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum, K., M. Febo, and R. D. Badgaiyan. 2016. Fifty years in the development of a glutaminergic-dopaminergic optimization complex (KB220) to balance brain reward circuitry in reward deficiency syndrome: A pictorial. Austin Addiction Sciences 1:1006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blum, K., M. Oscar-Berman, Z. Demetrovics, D. Barh, and M. Gold. 2014. Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): Molecular neurogenetic evidence for predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 50:765–96.
   Google Scholar
• Courtney, K. E., R. Arellano, E. Barkley-Levenson, A. Gálvan, R. A. Poldrack, J. Mackillop, J. D. Jentsch, and L. A. Ray. 2012. The relationship between measures of impulsivity and alcohol misuse: An integrative structural equation modeling approach. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 36:923–31. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01635.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtney, K. E., and J. Polich. 2009. Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychological Bulletin 135:142–56. doi:10.1037/a0014414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalbudak, E., C. Evren, S. Aldemir, I. Taymur, B. Evren, and M. Topcu. 2015. The impact of sensation seeking on the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and severity of Internet addiction risk. Psychiatry Research 228:156–61. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bruyckere, K., C. Bushe, C. Bartel, L. Berggren, C. C. Kan, and R. W. Dittmann. 2016. Relationships between functional outcomes and symptomatic improvement in atomoxetine-treated adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Post hoc analysis of an integrated database. CNS Drugs 30:541–58. doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0346-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faraone, S. V., J. Biederman, and E. Mick. 2006. The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine 36:159–65. doi:10.1017/S003329170500471X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnock-Jones, K. P., and G. M. Keating. 2009. Atomoxetine: A review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatric Drugs 11:203–26. doi:10.2165/00148581-200911030-00005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harstad, E., and S. Levy. 2014. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Pediatrics 134:e293. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hechtman, L. 1999. Predictors of long-term outcome in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatric Clinics of North America 46:1039–52. doi:10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70171-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinshaw, S. P., E. B. Owens, C. Zalecki, S. P. Huggins, A. J. Montenegro-Nevado, E. Schrodek, and E. N. Swanson. 2012. Prospective follow-up of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into early adulthood: Continuing impairment includes elevated risk for suicide attempts and self-injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 80:1041–51. doi:10.1037/a0029451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, R. G., S. Mannuzza, M. A. Olazagasti, E. Roizen, J. A. Hutchison, E. C. Lashua, and F. X. Castellanos. 2012. Clinical and functional outcome of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 33 years later. Archives of General Psychiatry 69:1295–303. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, J. H., M. S. Stanford, and E. S. Barratt. 1995. Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clincal Psycholgy 51:768–74. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potenza, M. N., and H. De Wit. 2010. Control yourself: Alcohol and impulsivity. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 34:1303–05.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., V. Nasillo, V. Richarte, M. Corrales, F. Palma, P. Ibáñez, M. Michelsen, G. Van De Glind, M. Casas, and J. J. Kooij. 2016. Criteria and concurrent validity of DIVA 2.0: A semi-structured diagnostic interview for adult ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders pii: 1087054716646451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, D. V., Y. Lecrubier, K. H. Sheehan, P. Amorim, J. Janavs, E. Weiller, T. Hergueta, R. Baker, and G. C. Dumbar. 1998. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 20:22–33.
   Google Scholar
• Uher, R., A. Farmer, N. Henigsberg, M. Rietschel, O. Mors, W. Maier, D. Kozel, J. Hauser, D. Souery, A. Placentino, J. Strohmaier, N. Perroud, A. Zobel, A. Rajewska-Rager, M. Z. Dernovsek, E. R. Larsen, P. Kalember, C. Giovannini, M. Barreto, P. McGuffin, and K. J. Aitchison. 2009. Adverse reactions to antidepressants. Br J Psychiatry 195:202–10. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.061960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhyaya, H. P., D. Desaiah, K. J. Schuh, F. P. Bymaster, M. J. Kallman, D. O. Clarke, T. M. Durell, P. T. Trzepacz, D. O. Calligaro, E. S. Nisenbaum, P. J. Emmerson, L. M. Schuh, W. K. Bickel, and A. J. Allen. 2013. A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: A nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology 226:189–200. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-2986-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., and J. M. Swanson. 2013. Adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. New England Journal of Medicine 369:1935–44. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1212625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wender, P. H. 1998. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in adults. Psychiatric Clinics North America 21:761–74. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70039-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens, T. E., L. A. Adler, Y. Tanaka., F. Xiao, D. N. D’Souza, S. W. Gutkin, and H. P. Upadhyaya. 2011. Correlates of alcohol use in adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders: Exploratory analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine. Current Medical Resarch Opinion 27:2309–20. doi:10.1185/03007995.2011.628648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens, T. E., L. A. Adler, M. D. Weiss, D. Michelson, J. L. Ramsey, R. J. Moore, D. Renard, K. T. Brady, P. T. Trzepacz, L. M. Schuh, and L. M. Ahrbecker; Atomoxetine ADHD/SUD Study Group. 2008. Atomoxetine treatment of adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Drug Alcohol Dependence 96:145–54. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, M. 1994. Diagnosing personality disorders: A review of issues and research methods. Archives of General Psychiatry 51:225–45. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030061006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar