Pilot Evaluation of a Residential Drug Addiction Treatment Combining Traditional Amazonian Medicine, Ayahuasca and Psychotherapy on Depression and Anxiety

References

• Attkisson, C. C., and R. Zwick. 1982. The client satisfaction questionnaire: Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Evaluation and Program Planning 5 (3):233–37. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, A. T., N. Epstein, G. Brown, and R. A. Steer. 1988. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56 (6):893. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., R. A. Steer, and G. K. Brown. 1996. Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio 78 (2):490–98.
   Google Scholar
• Berlowitz, I., H. Walt, C. Ghasarian, F. Mendive, and C. Martin-Soelch. 2019. Short-term treatment effects of a substance use disorder therapy involving traditional amazonian medicine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51(4), 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonelli, R. M., and H. G. Koenig. 2013. Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: A systematic evidence-based review. Journal of Religion and Health 52 (2):657–73. doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borkman, T. J., A. Stunz, and L. A. Kaskutas. 2016. Developing an experiential definition of recovery: Participatory research with recovering substance abusers from multiple pathways. Substance Use & Misuse 51 (9):1116–29. doi:10.3109/10826084.2016.1160119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouso, J. C., D. González, S. Fondevila, M. Cutchet, X. Fernández, P. C. R. Barbosa, … J. Riba. 2012. Personality, psychopathology, life attitudes and neuropsychological performance among ritual users of ayahuasca: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 7 (8):e42421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran, G. M., H. A. Flynn, J. Kirchner, and B. M. Booth. 2000. Depression after alcohol treatment as a risk factor for relapse among male veterans. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 19 (3):259–65. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(00)00107-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos, R. G., F. L. Osório, J. A. S. Crippa, and J. E. Hallak. 2016. Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: A systematic literature review of animal and human studies. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria 38 (1):65–72. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández, X., R. G. Dos Santos, M. Cutchet, S. Fondevila, D. González, M. Á. Alcázar, … J. M. Fábregas. 2014. Assessment of the psychotherapeutic effects of ritual ayahuasca use on drug dependency: A pilot study. In The therapeutic use of ayahuasca, 183–96. Editors: Labate, Beatriz Caiuby, Cavnar, Clancy, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fortunato, J. J., G. Z. Réus, T. R. Kirsch, R. B. Stringari, G. R. Fries, F. Kapczinski, … J. Quevedo. 2010. Chronic administration of harmine elicits antidepressant-like effects and increases BDNF levels in rat hippocampus. Journal of Neural Transmission 117 (10):1131–37. doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0451-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawliński, D., I. Smaga, M. Zaniewska, K. Gawlińska, A. Faron-Górecka, and M. Filip. 2019. Adaptive mechanisms following antidepressant drugs: Focus on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Pharmacological Reports 71 (6):994–1000. doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grella, B., M. Teitler, C. Smith, K. Herrick-Davis, and R. A. Glennon. 2003. Binding of β-carbolines at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 13 (24):4421–25. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, H. M. X., M. Cleary, T. Sitharthan, and G. E. Hunt. 2015. Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990–2014: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 154:1–13. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limon, F. J., A. L. Lamson, J. Hodgson, M. Bowler, and S. Saeed. 2016. Screening for depression in Latino immigrants: A systematic review of depression screening instruments translated into Spanish. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 18 (4):787–98. doi:10.1007/s10903-015-0321-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas-Carrasco, R. 2012. The WHO quality of life (WHOQOL) questionnaire: Spanish development and validation studies. Quality of Life Research 21 (1):161–65. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9926-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabit, J. 2014. Ceremonia Ritual de la Yawar Panga. Mérida, México: Conferencia inicialmente presentada al VII Congreso Internacional de Medicina Tradicional y Folklórica.
   Google Scholar
• Mabit, J., R. Giove, and J. Vega. 1995. Takiwasi: The use of Amazonian shamanism to rehabilitate drug addicts. In Yearbook of cross-cultural medicine and psychotherapy, edited by Dr. Walter Andritzky, Berlin, Deutschland, 257–85. International Institute of Cross-Cultural Therapy Research (IIKT).
   Google Scholar
• McIlhenny, E. H., K. E. Pipkin, L. J. Standish, H. A. Wechkin, R. Strassman, and S. A. Barker. 2009. Direct analysis of psychoactive tryptamine and harmala alkaloids in the Amazonian botanical medicine ayahuasca by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1216 (51):8960–68. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna, D. J., G. N. Towers, and F. Abbott. 1984. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and β-carboline constituents of ayahuasca. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10 (2):195–223. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(84)90003-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes, A. A., R. G. Dos Santos, F. L. Osorio, R. F. Sanches, J. A. S. Crippa, and J. E. Hallak. 2016. Effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids on drug dependence: A systematic literature review of quantitative studies in animals and humans. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 48 (3):195–205. doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1188225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortíz-Gómez, L. D., B. López-Canul, and G. Arankowsky-Sandoval. 2014. Factors associated with depression and suicide attempts in patients undergoing rehabilitation for substance abuse. Journal of Affective Disorders 169:10–14. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osório, F. D. L., R. F. Sanches, L. R. Macedo, R. G. Dos Santos, J. P. Maia-de-Oliveira, L. Wichert-Ana, … J. E. Hallak. 2015. Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: A preliminary report. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria 37 (1):13–20. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Politi, M., F. Friso, and J. Mabit. 2018. Plant based assisted therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders-part 1. The case of Takiwasi Center and other similar experiences. Revista Cultura y Droga 23 (26):99–126.
   Google Scholar
• Riba, J., A. Rodríguez-Fornells, G. Urbano, A. Morte, R. Antonijoan, M. Montero, … M. J. Barbanoj. 2001. Subjective effects and tolerability of the South American psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 154 (1):85–95. doi:10.1007/s002130000606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, R. E., C. C. Atrkisson, and R. M. Mendias. 1984. Assessing the client satisfaction questionnaire in English and Spanish. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 6 (4):385–96. doi:10.1177/07399863840064004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz-Biset, J., and S. Canigueral. 2011. Plant use in the medicinal practices known as “strict diets” in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137 (1):271–88. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz-Biset, J., and S. Cañigueral. 2013. Plants as medicinal stressors, the case of depurative practices in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazonia). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 145 (1):67–76. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schellekens, A. F. A., C. A. J. de Jong, J. K. Buitelaar, and R. J. Verkes. 2015. Co-morbid anxiety disorders predict early relapse after inpatient alcohol treatment. European Psychiatry 30 (1):128–36. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.08.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler, E. A., R. M. Wallace, J. A. Sloshower, and D. C. D’Souza. 2018. Neuroendocrine associations underlying the persistent therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9:177. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. L., H. Canton, R. J. Barrett, and E. Sanders-Bush. 1998. Agonist properties of N, N-dimethyltryptamine at serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 61 (3):323–30. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(98)00110-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler, J., M. Elices, E. Dominguez-Clavé, J. C. Pascual, A. Feilding, M. Navarro-Gil, … J. Riba. 2018. Four weekly ayahuasca sessions lead to increases in “acceptance” capacities: A comparison study with a standard 8-week mindfulness training program. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9:224. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swendsen, J., K. P. Conway, L. Degenhardt, M. Glantz, R. Jin, K. R. Merikangas, … R. C. Kessler. 2010. Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: Results from the 10‐year follow‐up of the national comorbidity survey. Addiction 105 (6):1117–28. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02902.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, G., P. Lucas, N. R. Capler, K. W. Tupper, and G. Martin. 2013. Ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: Results from a preliminary observational study in Canada. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 6 (1):30–42. doi:10.2174/15733998113099990003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urbanoski, K. A., and T. C. Wild. 2012. Assessing self-determined motivation for addiction treatment: Validity of the treatment entry questionnaire. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 43 (1):70–79. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2011.10.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteford, H. A., L. Degenhardt, J. Rehm, A. J. Baxter, A. J. Ferrari, H. E. Erskine, … R. Burstein. 2013. Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. The Lancet 382 (9904):1575–86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yritia, M., J. Riba, J. Ortuno, A. Ramirez, A. Castillo, Y. Alfaro, … M. J. Barbanoj. 2002. Determination of N, N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carboline alkaloids in human plasma following oral administration of ayahuasca. Journal of Chromatography B 779 (2):271–81. doi:10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00397-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar