Physician Communication and Perceived Stigma in Prenatal Cannabis Use

References

• Adam, M. P., J. E. Polifka, and J. M. Friedman. 2011. Evolving knowledge of the teratogenicity of medications in human pregnancy. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics 157 (3):175–82. doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.30313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshaarawy, O., N. Breslau, and J. C. Anthony. 2016. Monthly estimates of alcohol drinking during pregnancy: United States, 2002–2011. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 77 (2):272–76. doi:10.15288/jsad.2016.77.272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balneaves, L. G., A. Alraja, D. Ziemianski, F. McCuaig, and M. Ware. 2018. A national needs assessment of Canadian nurse practitioners regarding cannabis for therapeutic purposes. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3 (1):66–73. doi:10.1089/can.2018.0002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bauermeister, J. A., M. A. Zimmerman, M. M. Johns, P. Glowacki, S. Stoddard, and E. Volz. 2012. Innovative recruitment using online networks: Lessons learned from an online study of alcohol and other drug use utilizing a web-based, respondent-driven sampling (webRDS) strategy. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 73 (5):834–38. doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belle-Isle, L., Z. Walsh, R. Callaway, P. Lucas, R. Capler, R. Kay, and S. Holtzman. 2014. Barriers to access for Canadians who use cannabis for therapeutic purposes. International Journal of Drug Policy 25 (4):691–99. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.02.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carsley, S., and P. Leece. 2018. Health effects of cannabis exposure in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Public Health Ontario Evidence Brief.
   Google Scholar
• Conner, S. N., V. Bedell, K. Lipsey, G. A. Macones, A. G. Cahill, and M. G. Tuuli. 2016. Maternal marijuana use and adverse neonatal outcomes. Obstetrics and Gynecology 128 (4):713–23. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsi, D. J., H. Hsu, D. Weiss, D. B. Fell, and M. Walker. 2019. Trends and correlates of cannabis use in pregnancy: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada from 2012 to 2017. Canadian Journal of Public Health 110 (1):76–84. doi:10.17269/s41997-018-0148-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry, W.-N. L. 2002. Hyperemesis gravidarum and clinical cannabis: To eat or not to eat? Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 2 (3–4):63–83. doi:10.1300/J175v02n03_05.
   Google Scholar
• Dreher, M. C., K. Nugent, and R. Hudgins. 1994. Prenatal marijuana exposure and neonatal outcomes in Jamaica: An ethnographic study. Pediatrics 93 (2):254–60. doi:10.1542/peds.93.2.254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D. M., L. J. Horwood, and K. Northstone. 2002. Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 109 (1):21–27. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01020.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, T. R., R. D. Eiden, K. E. Leonard, G. J. Connors, S. Shisler, and M. A. Huestis. 2010. Identifying prenatal cannabis exposure and effects of concurrent tobacco exposure on neonatal growth. Clinical Chemistry 56 (9):1442–50. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.147876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, S., A. Perrin, and M. Duggan. 2016. Social media update 2016. Pew Research Center 11 (2):1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Huizink, A. C. 2014. Prenatal cannabis exposure and infant outcomes: Overview of studies. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 52:45–52. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarlenski, M., J. A. Tarr, C. L. Holland, D. Farrell, and J. C. Chang. 2016. Pregnant women’s access to information about perinatal marijuana use: A qualitative study. Women’s Health Issues 26 (4):452–59. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2016.03.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarlenski, M., J. Zank, J. A. Tarr, and J. C. Chang. 2017. Public health messages about perinatal marijuana use in an evolving policy context. Substance Abuse 38 (1):48–54. doi:10.1080/08897077.2016.1268240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippke, S., J. Wienert, F. M. Keller, C. Derksen, A. Welp, L. Kötting, K. Hofreuter-Gätgens, H. Müller, F. Louwen, M. Weigand, et al. 2019. Communication and patient safety in gynecology and obstetrics—Study protocol of an intervention study. BMC Health Services Research 19 (1):908. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4579-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, W. Y., and J. M. Friedman. 2002. Teratogenicity of recently introduced medications in human pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 100 (3):465–73. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02122-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, P., S. Boyd, M. J. Milloy, and Z. Walsh. 2020. Reductions in alcohol use following medical cannabis initiation: Results from a large cross-sectional survey of medical cannabis patients in Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy 86:102963. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, P., S. Boyd, M. J. Milloy, and Z. Walsh. 2021a. Cannabis significantly reduces the use of prescription opioids and improves quality of life in authorized patients: Results of a large prospective study. Pain Medicine 22 (3):727–39. doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, P., and Z. Walsh. 2017. Medical cannabis access, use, and substitution for prescription opioids and other substances: A survey of authorized medical cannabis patients. International Journal of Drug Policy 42:30–35. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.01.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, P., Z. Walsh, K. Crosby, R. Callaway, L. Belle-Isle, R. Kay, R. Capler, and S. Holtzman. 2016. Substituting cannabis for prescription drugs, alcohol and other substances among medical cannabis patients: The impact of contextual factors. Drug and Alcohol Review 35 (3):326–33. doi:10.1111/dar.12323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, P., Z. Walsh, P. S. Hendricks, S. Boyd, and M. J. Milloy. 2021b. Self-reported reductions in tobacco and nicotine use following medical cannabis initiation: Results from a cross-sectional survey of authorized medical cannabis patients in Canada. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 130:108481. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark, K., J. Gryczynski, E. Axenfeld, R. P. Schwartz, and M. Terplan. 2017. Pregnant women’s current and intended cannabis use in relation to their views toward legalization and knowledge of potential harm. Journal of Addiction Medicine 11 (3):211–16. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, L. A., E. M. Rock, and C. L. Limebeer. 2011. Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids. British Journal of Pharmacology 163 (7):1411–22. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01176.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberson, E. K., W. K. Patrick, and E. L. Hurwitz. 2014. Marijuana use and maternal experiences of severe nausea during pregnancy in Hawaii. Hawaii Journal of Medicine & Public Health: A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health 73 (9):283–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rotermann, M. 2019. Health reports analysis of trends in the prevalence of cannabis use and related metrics in Canada. Health Reports 30(6):3–13. doi:10.25318/82-003-x201900600001-eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, E. 2002. Cannabis treatments in obstetrics and gynecology: A historical review. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 2 (3–4):5–35. doi:10.1300/J175v02n03_02.
   Google Scholar
• Russo, E. B., M. Dreher, and M. L. Mathre. 2002. Women and cannabis: Medicine, science, and sociology. Binghamtom, NY: The Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Satterlund, T. D., J. P. Lee, and R. S. Moore. 2015. Stigma among California’s medical marijuana patients. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47 (1):10–17. doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.991858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlotz, W., A. Jones, D. I. W. Phillips, C. R. Gale, S. M. Robinson, and K. M. Godfrey. 2010. Lower maternal folate status in early pregnancy is associated with childhood hyperactivity and peer problems in offspring. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines 51 (5):594–602. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02182.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sexton, M., C. Cuttler, and L. K. Mischley. 2019. A survey of cannabis acute effects and withdrawal symptoms: Differential responses across user types and age. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 25 (3):326–35. doi:10.1089/acm.2018.0319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamon, H., and C. C. Berning. 2020. Attention check items and instructions in online surveys with incentivized and non-incentivized samples: Boon or bane for data quality?. Survey Research Methods 14 (1):55–77. doi:10.18148/srm/2020.v14i1.7374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sideris, A., F. Khan, A. Boltunova, G. Cuff, C. Gharibo, and L. V. Doan. 2018. New York physicians’ perspectives and knowledge of the state medical marijuana program. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3 (1):74–84. doi:10.1089/can.2017.0046.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• St. Pierre, M., L. Matthews, and Z. Walsh. 2020. Cannabis education needs assessment among Canadian physicians-in-training. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 49. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock, S. J., and J. E. Norman. 2019. Medicines in pregnancy. F1000Research 8:911. Faculty of 1000 Ltd. doi:10.12688/f1000research.17535.1.
   Google Scholar
• Teitcher, J. E. F., W. O. Bockting, J. A. Bauermeister, C. J. Hoefer, M. H. Miner, and R. L. Klitzman. 2015. Detecting, preventing, and responding to “Fraudsters” in internet research: Ethics and tradeoffs. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43 (1):116–33. doi:10.1111/jlme.12200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tramèr, M. R., D. Carroll, F. A. Campbell, D. J. Reynolds, R. A. Moore, and H. J. McQuay. 2001. Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: Quantitative systematic review. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 323 (7303):16–21. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turna, J., I. Balodis, C. Munn, M. Van Ameringen, J. Busse, and J. MacKillop. 2020. Overlapping patterns of recreational and medical cannabis use in a large community sample of cannabis users. Comprehensive Psychiatry 102:152188. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, Z., R. Callaway, L. Belle-Isle, R. Capler, R. Kay, P. Lucas, and S. Holtzman. 2013. Cannabis for therapeutic purposes: Patient characteristics, access, and reasons for use. International Journal of Drug Policy 24 (6):511–16. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, Z., R. Gonzalez, K. Crosby, M. S Thiessen, C. Carroll, and M. O. Bonn-Miller. 2017. Medical cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review 51:15–29. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westfall, R. E., P. A. Janssen, P. Lucas, and R. Capler. 2006. Survey of medicinal cannabis use among childbearing women: Patterns of its use in pregnancy and retroactive self-assessment of its efficacy against ‘morning sickness. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 12 (1):27–33. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2005.09.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young-Wolff, K. C., V. Sarovar, L.-Y. Tucker, L. A. Avalos, A. Conway, M. A. Armstrong, and N. Goler. 2018. Association of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy with prenatal marijuana use. JAMA Internal Medicine 178 (10):1423. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziemianski, D., R. Capler, R. Tekanoff, A. Lacasse, F. Luconi, and M. A. Ware. 2015. Cannabis in medicine: A national educational needs assessment among Canadian physicians career choice, professional education and development. BMC Medical Education 15 (1). doi: 10.1186/s12909-015-0335-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar