277
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Drug Use in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review

, MSc, , PhD, , PhD, , PhDORCID Icon & , PhDORCID Icon
Pages 397-411 | Received 10 Jan 2023, Accepted 01 Jun 2023, Published online: 21 Jun 2023

References

  • Abou-ElWafa, H. S., M. A. Zoromba, and A. H. El-Gilany. 2020. Cigarette smoking at workplace among resident physicians and nurses in Mansoura University Hospital. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 76 (1):37–44. doi:10.1080/19338244.2020.1771249.
  • Alexandrova-Karamanova, A., I. Todorova, A. Montgomery, E. Panagopoulou, P. Costa, A. Baban, A. Davas, M. Milosevic, and D. Mijakoski. 2016. Burnout and health behaviors in health professionals from seven European countries. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 89 (7):1059–75. doi:10.1007/s00420-016-1143-5.
  • Baldisseri, M. R. 2007. Impaired healthcare professional. Critical Care Medicine 35 (2):106–16. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000252918.87746.96.
  • Becoña, E., M. Cortés, F. Arias, C. Barreiro, J. Berdullas, I. Iraurgui, J. M. Llorente, A. López, A. Madoz, J. M. Martínez, et al. 2011. Manual de adicciones para psicólogos especialistas en psicología clínica en formación [Manual of addictions for psychologists specialized in clinical psychology in training]. España: Sociedad Científica Española de Estudios sobre el Alcohol, el Alcoholismo y las otras Toxicomanías.
  • Berge, K. H., M. D. Seppala, and A. M. Schipper. 2009. Chemical dependency and the physician. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 84 (7):625–31. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60751-9.
  • Besson, A., A. Tarpin, V. Flaudias, G. Brousse, C. Laporte, A. Benson, V. Navel, J. B. Bouillon-Minois, and F. Dutheil. 2021. Smoking prevalence among physicians: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (24):13328. doi:10.3390/ijerph182413328.
  • Bismark, M., K. Scurrah, A. Pascoe, K. Willis, R. Jain, and N. Smallwood. 2022. Thoughts of suicide or self-harm among Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 56 (12):1555–65. doi:10.1177/00048674221075540.
  • Cano-López, I., M. I. Pérez, and S. Puig-Pérez. 2023. Burnout is related to executive dysfunction in primary healthcare professionals working in rural areas. Revista de Neurologia 76 (3):91–99. doi:10.33588/rn.7603.2022283.
  • Cantos, R., G. Altell, M. Tudela, P. Martínez Redondo, I. González Nieto, and V. Rivero. 2016. Hombres, mujeres y drogodependencias: explicación social de las diferencias de género en el consume problemático de drogas. Barcelona: Fundación Atenea.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016. Healthcare workers: Work stress & mental health. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/healthcare/workstress.html
  • Darvishi, N., M. Farhadi, T. Haghtalab, J. Poorolajal, and M. Voracek. 2015. Alcohol-related risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 10 (5):e0126870. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126870.
  • Dehara, M., M. B. Wells, H. Sjöqvist, K. Kosidou, C. Dalman, and A. S. Wallin. 2021. Parenthood is associated with lower suicide risk: A register-based cohort study of 1.5 million Swedes. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 143 (3):206–15. doi:10.1111/acps.13240.
  • Diaz-Carrion, E. G., and V. E. Failoc-Rojas. 2020. Estilos de vida en profesionales de salud de un hospital en Chiclayo, Perú 2017 [Lifestyles in health professionals from a hospital in Chiclayo, Peru 2017]. Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 19 (5):e2876. http://www.revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/2876.
  • Doan, Q.-H., N.-N. Tran, M.-H. Than, H.-T. Nguyen, V.-S. Bui, D.-H. Nguyen, H.-L. Vo, T.-T. Do, N.-T. Pham, T.-K. Nguyen, et al. 2021. Depression, anxiety and associated factors among frontline hospital healthcare workers in the fourth wave of COVID-19: Empirical findings from Vietnam. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7 (1):3. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7010003.
  • Dong, Z. Q., J. Ma, Y. N. Hao, X. L. Shen, F. Liu, Y. Gao, and L. Zhang. 2020. The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study. European Psychiatry 63 (1):e65. doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59.
  • Donnermeyer, J. F., and S. D. Scheer. 2001. An analysis of substance use among adolescents from smaller places. The Journal of Rural Health 17 (2):105–13. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2001.tb00266.x.
  • Dunn, D. 2005. Substance abuse among nurses—defining the issue. AORN Journal 82 (4):572–96. doi:10.1016/S0001-2092(06)60028-8.
  • Edvardsen, H. M., R. Karinen, I. S. Moan, E. L. Oiestad, A. S. Christophersen, and H. Gjerde. 2014. Use of alcohol and drugs among health professionals in Norway: A study using data from questionnaires and samples of oral fluid. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 9 (1):8. doi:10.1186/1745-6673-9-8.
  • Edwards, A. C., S. L. Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. S. Kendler, and K. Sundquist. 2018. Associations between divorce and onset of drug abuse in a Swedish national sample. American Journal of Epidemiology 187 (5):1010–18. doi:10.1093/aje/kwx321.
  • Elliott, L., J. Tan, and S. Norris. 2010. The mental health of doctors: A systematic literature review. Melbourne: Beyondblue. https://www.headsup.org.au/docs/default-source/resources/bl0823-mental-health-of-doctors-report.pdf?sfvrsn=e9fd234d_2
  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2020. Currículum de prevención europeo: Un manual para quieres toman decisiones, crean opinión y elaboran políticas sobre la prevención del uso de sustancias basada en la evidencia [European prevention curriculum: A manual for decision-makers, opinion makers and policy makers on evidence-based substance use prevention]. España: Ministerio de Sanidad, Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. https://pnsd.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/prevencion/pdf/2020_Curriculum_de_prevencion_europeo.pdf
  • Fatima Fernandes, M. N., and E. C. S. Gherardi-Donato. 2017. Is it workplace stress a trigger for alcohol and drug abuse? Open Journal of Nursing 7 (3):435–48. doi:10.4236/ojn.2017.73034.
  • Gainer, D. M., R. W. Nahhas, N. V. Bhatt, J. McCormack, A. McMerrill, and H. Sultan. 2022. Factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among U.S. physicians during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 1–17. doi:10.1080/14635240.2022.2028264.
  • Gibbons, S. W., E. J. Hickling, S. D. Barnett, P. L. Herbig-Wall, and D. D. Watts. 2012. Gender differences in response to deployment among military healthcare providers in Afghanistan and Iraq. Journal of Women’s Health 21 (5):496–504. doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.3097.
  • Glaser, B., K. H. Shelton, and M. B. van den Bree. 2010. The moderating role of close friends in the relationship between conduct problems and adolescent substance use. Journal of Adolescent Health 47 (1):35–42. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.022.
  • Gómez-Talegón, M. T., and F. J. Álvarez. 2005. Alcohol y prevención de los problemas relacionados con el consumo de alcohol en el ámbito laboral [Alcohol and prevention of problems related to alcohol consumption in the workplace]. Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo 51 (198):65–72. https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstream/handle/20.500.12105/11416/Alcoholyprevenci%c3%b3ndelos_2005.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • Hawkins, J. D., R. F. Catalano, and J. Y. Miller. 1992. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin 112 (1):64–105. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64.
  • Hedman, L., A. Bjerg, M. Perzanowski, S. Sundberg, and E. Rönmark. 2007. Factors related to tobacco use among teenagers. Respiratory Medicine 101 (3):496–502. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.07.001.
  • Hennein, R., E. J. Mew, S. R. Lowe, and J. M. Francis. 2021. Socio-ecological predictors of mental health outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. PLoS One 16 (2):e0246602. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246602.
  • Hong, Q. N., P. Pluye, S. Fàbregues, G. Bartlett, F. Boardman, M. Cargo, P. Dagenais, M. P. Gagnon, F. Griffiths, B. Nicolau, et al. 2018. Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Version 2018. Montreal, Canada: McGill University.
  • Hyland, A., J. Barnoya, and J. E. Corral. 2012. Smoke-free air policies: Past, present and future. Tobacco Control 21 (2):154–61. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050389.
  • Jochimek, M., D. Krokosz, and M. Lipowski. 2017. Physical activity and sport as a protective factor against health threatening experiments with adulthood. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 9 (4):112–24. doi:10.29359/BJHPA.09.4.09.
  • Kamışlı, S., P. Güner, and K. M. Hayran. 2022. Smoking status and health beliefs related to smoking of nurses in working a cancer hospital, in Turkey. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6 (1):164–72. doi:10.30621/jbachs.915542.
  • Kandel, D. B. 1980. Developmental stages in adolescent drug involvement. NIDA Research Monograph 30:120–27.
  • Kendler, K. S., L. M. Thornton, and C. A. Prescott. 2001. Gender differences in the rates of exposure to stressful life events and sensitivity to their depressogenic effects. The American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (4):587–93. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.4.587.
  • Kenna, G. A., and D. C. Lewis. 2008. Risk factors for alcohol and other drug use by healthcare professionals. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 3 (3):1–8. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-3-3.
  • Keyes, K. M., M. L. Hatzenbuehler, B. F. Grant, and D. S. Hasin. 2012. Stress and alcohol: Epidemiologic evidence. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews 34 (4):391–400.
  • Klimkiewicz, A., A. Schmalenberg, J. Klimkiewicz, A. Jasinska, J. Jasionowska, W. Machura, and M. Wojnar. 2021. COVID-19 pandemic influence on healthcare professionals. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10 (6):1280. doi:10.3390/jcm10061280.
  • Lichstein, P. M., J. K. He, D. Estok, J. C. Prather, G. S. Dyer, B. A. Ponce, and Collaborative Orthopaedic Educational Research Group. 2020. What is the prevalence of burnout, depression, and substance use among orthopaedic surgery residents and what are the risk factors? A collaborative orthopaedic educational research group survey study. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 478 (8):1709–18. doi:10.1097/CORR.0000000000001310.
  • López, S., and J. L. Rodríguez-Arias. 2010. Risk and protection factors in drug use in adolescents and differences according to age and sex. Psicothema 22 (4):568–73.
  • Lowry, R., D. K. Eaton, N. D. Brener, and L. Kann. 2011. Prevalence of health-risk behaviors among Asian American and Pacific Islander high school students in the U.S., 2001-2007. Public Health Reports 126 (1):39–49. doi:10.1177/003335491112600108.
  • Makimoto, K. 1998. Drinking patterns and drinking problems among Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders. Alcohol Health and Research World 22 (4):270–75.
  • Martín-Cantera, C., J. M. I. Sanmartín, A. F. Martínez, C. M. Lorenzo, V. B. Cohen, M. L. C. Jiménez, S. C. Pérez-Teijón, J. A. R. I. Osca, R. C. García, J. L. Fernández, et al. 2020. Good practice regarding smoking cessation management in Spain: Challenges and opportunities for primary care physicians and nurses. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation 6 (September):1–9. doi:10.18332/tpc/126630.
  • Martínez, J., H. Trujillo, and L. Robles. 2006. Factores de riesgo, protección y representaciones sociales sobre el consumo de drogas: Implicaciones para la prevención [Risk and protection factors, and social representations about drug use: Implications for prevention]. Andalucía, España: Junta de Andalucía Consejería para la igualdad y el bienestar social.
  • McCauley, J. L., T. Killeen, D. F. Gros, K. T. Brady, and S. E. Back. 2012. Posttraumatic stress disorder and co-occurring substance use disorders: Advances in assessment and treatment. Clinical Psychology 19 (3):283–304. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12006.
  • Merlo, L., and M. Gold. 2008. Prescription opioid abuse and dependence among physicians: Hypotheses and treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 16 (3):181–94. doi:10.1080/10673220802160316.
  • Merlo, L. J., J. Trejo-Lopez, T. Conwell, and J. Rivenbark. 2013. Patterns of substance use initiation among healthcare professionals in recovery. The American Journal on Addictions 22 (6):605–12. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12017.x.
  • Mokaya, A. G., V. Mutiso, A. Musau, A. Tele, Y. Kombe, Z. Ng’ang’a, E. Frank, D. M. Ndetei, and V. Clair. 2016. Substance use among a sample of healthcare workers in Kenya: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 48 (4):310–19. doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1211352.
  • NACADA. 2012. Rapid assessment of drugs and substance abuse in Kenya, 2012. https://nacada.go.ke/sites/default/files/2019-10/rapid%20assessment%20drug%20and%20substance%20abuse%20situation%20kenya%202012.pdf
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information. n.d. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh
  • Navarro-Martínez, R., E. Chover-Sierra, N. Colomer-Pérez, E. Vlachou, V. Andriuseviciene, and O. Cauli. 2020. Sleep quality and its association with substance abuse among university students. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 188:105591. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105591.
  • Ngoc, P., M. J. Obeid, N. Quy, V. Van, N. Viet, N. H. Yen, B. T. Ha, N. T. Anh, G. B. Marks, B. Freeman, et al. 2022. Behaviors and attitudes toward smoking among health care workers at health facilities in 4 provinces of Vietnam: A representative cross-sectional survey. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 34 (1):79–86. doi:10.1177/10105395211036275.
  • Nilan, K., T. M. McKeever, A. McNeill, M. Raw, R. L. Murray, and S. A. Glantz. 2019. Prevalence of tobacco use in healthcare workers: A systematic review and metaanalysis. PLoS One 14 (7):e0220168. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220168.
  • Nowack, K. M., and A. M. Pentkowski. 1994. Lifestyle habits, substance use and predictors of job burnout in professional working women. Work & Stress 8 (1):19–35. doi:10.1080/02678379408259973.
  • Page, M. J., J. E. McKenzie, P. M. Bossuyt, I. Boutron, T. C. Hoffmann, C. D. Mulrow, L. Shamseer, J. M. Tetzlaff, E. A. Akl, S. E. Brennan, et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372 (71):1–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71.
  • Patrick, M. E., P. Wightman, R. F. Schoeni, and J. E. Schulenberg. 2012. Socioeconomic status and substance use among young adults: A comparison across constructs and drugs. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 73 (5):772–82. doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.772.
  • Richter, K., L. Peter, A. Rodenbeck, H. G. Weess, S. G. Riedel-Heller, and T. Hillemacher. 2021. Shiftwork and alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the literature. European Addiction Research 27 (1):9–15. doi:10.1159/000507573.
  • Ryan, M., D. Romero, J. Tolentino, I. Hammett, D. Robins, J. Volden, and K. Pulvers. 2015. Tobacco use among healthcare workers: Impact of a worksite policy change at a US military community hospital. Journal of Smoking Cessation 12 (2):113–21. doi:10.1017/jsc.2015.13.
  • Saridi, M., A. Karra, M. Kourakos, and K. Souliotis. 2016. Assessment of alcohol use in health professionals during the economic crisis. British Journal of Nursing 25 (7):396–405. doi:10.12968/bjon.2016.25.7.396.
  • Scott, K. M., J. E. Wells, M. Angermeyer, T. S. Brugha, E. Bromet, K. Demyttenaere, G. de Girolamo, O. Gureje, J. M. Haro, R. Jin, et al. 2010. Gender and the relationship between marital status and first onset of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Psychological Medicine 40 (9):1495–505. doi:10.1017/S0033291709991942.
  • Shacham, M., Y. Hamama-Raz, R. Kolerman, O. Mijiritsky, M. Ben-Ezra, and E. Mijiritsky. 2020. COVID-19 factors and psychological factors associated with elevated psychological distress among dentists and dental hygienists in Israel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (8):2900. doi:10.3390/ijerph17082900.
  • Sobregrau, P., S. Aguiló, T. Castro, S. Esteban-Sepúlveda, E. García Pagès, B. López Barbeito, J. L. Pomar, L. Pintor, and J. Aguiló. 2022. Mental health assessment of Spanish healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A cross-sectional study. Comprehensive Psychiatry 112 (2022):152278. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152278.
  • Sonia, H., M. Jihene, H. Imed, G. Rim, B. Mylene, S. Mounir, A. Souad, K. Khaoula, A. Mustafa, L. Harry, et al. 2016. Clustering of chronic disease risk factors with tobacco smoking habits among adults in the work place in Sousse, Tunisia. The Pan African Medical Journal 24:220. doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.24.220.7163.
  • Spanish Observatory on Drugs and Addictions. 2021. Informe 2021. Alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales en España. [Report 2021.Alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs in Spain]. España: Ministerio de Sanidad, Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. https://pnsd.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/sistemasInformacion/sistemaInformacion/pdf/2019-20_Informe_EDADES.pdf
  • Trinkoff, A. M., V. L. Selby, K. Han, H. Baek, J. Steele, H. S. Edwin, J. M. Yoon, and C. L. Storr. 2022. The prevalence of substance use and substance use problems in registered nurses: Estimates from the nurse worklife and wellness study. Journal of Nursing Regulation 12 (4):35–46. doi:10.1016/S2155-8256(22)00014-X.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2022. World Drug Report 2022. UNODC. https://www.unodc.org/res/wdr2022/MS/WDR22_Booklet_2.pdf
  • Unrod, M., J. A. Oliver, B. W. Heckman, V. N. Simmons, and T. H. Brandon. 2012. Outdoor smoking ban at a cancer center: Attitudes and smoking behavior among employees and patients. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18 (5):E24–E31. doi:10.1097/PHH.0b013e31822d4bb5.
  • Vancappel, A., E. Jansen, N. Ouhmad, T. Desmidt, B. Etain, C. Bergey, M. d’Ussel, M. O. Krebs, C. Paquet, C. Réveillère, et al. 2021. Psychological impact of exposure to the COVID-19 sanitary crisis on French healthcare workers: Risk factors and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12:701127. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701127.
  • van Minh, H., K. B. Giang, N. B. Ngoc, P. T. Hai, D. T. Huyen, L. N. Khue, N. T. Lam, P. T. Quynh, N. T. Quan, and N. T. Xuyen. 2017. Prevalence of tobacco smoking in Vietnam: Findings from the global adult tobacco survey 2015. International Journal of Public Health 62 (1):121–29. doi:10.1007/s00038-017-0955-8.
  • Vicente-Herrero, M. T., I. Torres, O. Sanz, L. Capdevila, and M. V. Ramírez. 2018. Factores relacionados con el hábito tabáquico en personal sanitario [Factors related to smoking in healthcare personnel]. Medicina Balear 33 (3):11–18. doi:10.3306/MEDICINABALEAR.33.03.11.
  • Waite-Labott, K. 2022. Overview of substance use in healthcare professionals. In Substance use disorder in healthcare professionals. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09990-8.
  • Weisheit, R. A., D. N. Falcone, and L. E. Wells. 1999. Crime and policing in rural and small-town America. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
  • Willaing, I., and S. Ladelund. 2004. Smoking behavior among hospital staff still influences attitudes and counseling on smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 6 (2):369–75. doi:10.1080/14622200410001676422.
  • World Population Review. 2022. Alcohol consumption by country 2022. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/alcohol-consumption-by-country
  • Wozniak, H., L. Benzakour, G. Moullec, N. Buetti, A. Nguyen, S. Corbaz, P. Roos, L. Vieux, J. Suard, R. Weissbrodt, et al. 2021. Mental health outcomes of ICU and non-ICU healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Intensive Care 11 (1):106. doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00900-x.
  • Zafar, M. 2014. Prevalence of smoking and associated risk factors among medical professionals in hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 5 (4):457–62.
  • Zinonos, S., T. Zachariadou, S. Zannetos, A. G. Panayiotou, and A. Georgiou. 2016. Smoking prevalence and associated risk factors among healthcare professionals in Nicosia general hospital, Cyprus: A cross-sectional study. Tobacco Induced Diseases 14 (14):1–8. doi:10.1186/s12971-016-0079-6.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.