References
- Agrawal, A. (2016). The user demographics of Reddit: The official app. The User Demographics of Reddit: The Official App. Available at: https://medium.com/@sm_app_intel/the-user-demographics-of-reddit-the-official-app-7e2e18b1e0e1 [Accessed January 5, 2022].
- Ali, F. R. M., M. C. Diaz, D. Vallone, M. A. Tynan, J. Cordova, E. L. Seaman, K. F. Trivers, B. A. Schillo, B. Talley, and B. A. King. 2020. E-cigarette unit sales, by product and flavor type — United States, 2014–2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69 (37):1313–18. 2020. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e2.benzoboss0.
- Breitbarth, A. K., J. Morgan, and A. L. Jones. 2018. E-cigarettes—An unintended illicit drug delivery system. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 192:98–111. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.031.
- Bureau, U. C. (2020). How do households describe where they live? Census.Gov. Available at: https://www.census.gov/library/video/2020/how-do-households-describe-where-they-live.html [Accessed June 1, 2022].
- Bureau, U. C. (2022a). About the Hispanic population and its origin. Census.Gov. Available at: https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html [Accessed June 1, 2022].
- Bureau, U. C. (2022b). Household pulse survey technical documentation. Census.Gov. Available at: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/household-pulse-survey/technical-documentation.html [Accessed June 1, 2022].
- Bureau, U. C. (n.d.). Race. Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/note/US/RHI625220 [Accessed May 13, 2022].
- Cascorbi, I. 2012. Drug interactions—principles, examples and clinical consequences. Deutsches Arzteblatt international 109:546–56. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0546.
- Cornelius, M. E., T. W. Wang, A. Jamal, C. G. Loretan, and L. J. Neff. 2020. Tobacco product use among adults — United States, 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69:1736–42. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6946a4.
- da Fonseca, L. R., R. D. A. Rodrigues, A. D. S. Ramos, J. D. da Cruz, J. L. P. Ferreira, J. R. D. A. Silva, and A. C. F. Amaral. 2020. Herbal medicinal products from passiflora for anxiety: An unexploited potential. ScientificWorldjournal: 6598434 2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/6598434.
- DreamingInLove (2021). What is your favourite drug to smoke/vape? R/drugs. Available at: www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/qg6m7u/what_is_your_favourite_drug_to_smokevape/[Accessed January 25, 2022].
- E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products visual dictionary (2021). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/pdfs/ecigarette-or-vaping-products-visual-dictionary-508.pdf [Accessed May 19, 2020].
- Facebook: Users by age and gender (2021). Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/376128/facebook-global-user-age-distribution/[Accessed January 5, 2022a].
- Glittering-Phone-804 (2021). Vaping ketamine. R/ketamine. Available at: www.reddit.com/r/ketamine/comments/p4fi73/vaping_ketamine/[Accessed January 25, 2022].
- Harrell, P. T., and T. Eissenberg. 2018. Automated dripping devices for vapers: RDTA’s, bottomfeeders, squonk mods, and dripboxes. Tobacco Control 27 (4):480–82. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053817.
- Harris, P. A., R. Taylor, B. L. Minor, V. Elliott, M. Fernandez, L. O’Neal, L. McLeod, G. Delacqua, F. Delacqua, J. Kirby, et al. 2019. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 95:103208. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208.
- Harris, P. A., R. Taylor, R. Thielke, J. Payne, N. Gonzalez, and J. G. Conde. 2009. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 42:377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010.
- Holt, A. K., K. N. Karin, S. N. Butler, A. R. Ferreira, A. J. Krotulski, J. L. Poklis, et al. 2022. Cannabinoid-based vaping products and supplement formulations reported by consumers to precipitate adverse effects. Drug Testing and Analysis n/a. doi:10.1002/dta.3253.
- Holt, A. K., J. L. Poklis, C. O. Cobb, and M. R. Peace. 2021. Identification of Gamma-Butyrolactone in JUUL Liquids. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 45:892–900. doi:10.1093/jat/bkab067.
- Holt, A. K., J. L. Poklis, and M. R. Peace. 2021. A retrospective analysis of chemical constituents in regulated and unregulated E-cigarette liquids. Frontiers in Chemistry 9:854. doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.752342.
- Instagram by the numbers: Stats, demographics & fun facts (2022b). Available at: https://www.omnicoreagency.com/instagram-statistics/[Accessed April 28, 2022].
- Is it possible to vape Methamphetamine/Crystal/Ice in a E-Cigarette by putting it into E-liquid? (2018). R/drugs. Available at: www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/7p60yj/is_it_possible_to_vape_methamphetamine_crystal/[Accessed January 25, 2022].
- Jones, I. (2016). Vapers experimenting with illegal drugs bought on the dark web. New Scientist. Available at: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23231045-800-vapers-experimenting-with-illegal-drugs-bought-on-the-dark-web/[Accessed January 25, 2022].
- Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 national survey on drug use and health (HHS Publication No. PEP21-07-01-003, NSDUH Series H-56) (2020). Available at: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2020-nsduh-annual-national-report [Accessed April 28, 2022].
- Lik, H. 2013. Electronic atomization cigarette. US 8,393,331B2, January 25, 2022.
- M85579: The tariff classification of a nicotine inhaler and parts from China (2006). United States Customs and Border Protection. Available at: https://rulings.cbp.gov/search?term=m85579&collection=ALL&sortBy=RELEVANCE&pageSize=30&page=1 [Accessed November 9, 2021].
- Manganyi, M. C., C. C. Bezuidenhout, T. Regnier, and C. N. Ateba. 2021. A chewable cure “Kanna”: Biological and pharmaceutical properties of sceletium tortuosum. Molecules 26:2557. doi:10.3390/molecules26092557.
- Masson, C. L., N. R. Gubner, N. Benowitz, S. Hosakote, T. Le, and J. R. Guydish. 2022. Lifetime use of non-nicotine drugs in electronic cigarette devices among a sample of individuals in substance use disorder treatment. Addictive Behaviors Reports 16:100465. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100465.
- McNeill, B. (2016). Shedding light on a vaping trend: Researchers study the use of e-cigarettes for illicit drugs. VCU News. Available at: https://news.vcu.edu/article/shedding_light_on_a_vaping_trend_researchers_study_the_use_of [Accessed January 25, 2022].
- Munoz, E. (2015). E-cigarettes rigged by drug users to smoke hallucinogen DMT. Available at: https://www.rt.com/uk/220551-vape-dmt-electronic-cigarette/[Accessed July 1, 2020].
- Nguyen Zarndt, A., E. A. Donaldson, J. K. Bernat, J. A. Henrie, and D. B. Portnoy. 2020. Adult use of and transitions from nicotine and non-nicotine-containing E-cigarettes: Data from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study, 2013–2016. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22:1225–29. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz215.
- Panossian, A., G. Wikman, and J. Sarris. 2010. Rosenroot (Rhodiola rosea): Traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical efficacy. Phytomedicine 17:481–93. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.002.
- Poklis, J. L., H. A. Mulder, M. S. Halquist, C. E. Wolf, A. Poklis, and M. R. Peace. 2017. The blue lotus flower (Nymphea caerulea) resin used in a new type of electronic cigarette, the re-buildable dripping atomizer. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 49:175–81. doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1290304.
- Poklis, J. L., H. A. Mulder, and M. R. Peace. 2019. The unexpected identification of the cannabimimetic, 5F-ADB, and dextromethorphan in commercially available cannabidiol e-liquids. Forensic Science International 294:e25–e27. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.10.019.
- Poklis, J. L., C. E. Wolf, and M. R. Peace. 2017. Ethanol concentration in 56 refillable electronic cigarettes liquid formulations determined by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID). Drug Testing and Analysis 9:1637–40. doi:10.1002/dta.2193.
- Polysubstance Use Facts (2021). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/stopoverdose/polysubstance-use/index.html [Accessed January 13, 2022].
- Roberts, E. (2020). E-cigarettes, vaping and illicit drugs. Available at: https://www.addiction-ssa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/RobertsE-E-cigarettes-Vaping-And-Illicit-Drugs-Nov-2020.pdf [Accessed January 25, 2022].
- Rogers, J. S., S. J. Rehrer, and N. R. Hoot. 2016. Acetylfentanyl: An emerging drug of abuse. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 50:433–36. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.10.014.
- Sargent, M. (2019). Everything you need to know about dry herb vaporizers - RQS blog. Royal Queen Seeds. Available at: https://www.royalqueenseeds.com/blog-everything-you-need-to-know-about-dry-herb-vaporizers-n1263 [Accessed June 2, 2022].
- Schimelpfening, N. (2020). 6 vaping products disguised as everyday items. Healthline. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health-news/teens-and-disguised-vaping-devices [Accessed October 5, 2020].
- Singh, O., Z. Khanam, N. Misra, and M. K. Srivastava. 2011. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): An overview. Pharmacognosy Reviews 5:82–95. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79103.
- Thurtle, N., R. Abouchedid, J. R. H. Archer, J. Ho, T. Yamamoto, P. I. Dargan, and D. M. Wood. 2017. Prevalence of use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to vape recreational drugs by club patrons in south london. Journal of Medical Toxicology: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 13:61–65. doi:10.1007/s13181-016-0583-3.
- Türközü, D., and N. Şanlier. 2017. L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57:1681–87. doi:10.1080/10408398.2015.1016141.
- TypicalJunk1e (2021). Vaping DMT. R/mintylove. Available at: www.reddit.com/r/MintyLove/comments/rm4k74/vaping_dmt/[Accessed January 25, 2022].
- U.S. Twitter reach by age group 2021 (2021). Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/265647/share-of-us-internet-users-who-use-twitter-by-age-group/[Accessed January 5, 2022].
- Varlet, V. 2016. Drug vaping: From the dangers of misuse to new therapeutic devices. Toxics 4 (4):29. doi:10.3390/toxics4040029.
- Zhang, Z., X. Lian, S. Li, and J. L. Stringer. 2009. Characterization of chemical ingredients and anticonvulsant activity of American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). Phytomedicine 16:485–93. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2008.07.011.