305
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Healing Words: Effects of Psychoeducation on Likelihood to Seek and Refer Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Among BIPOC Individuals

, BSc, , PhDORCID Icon, , LLMORCID Icon, , MTSORCID Icon & , PhD
Received 29 Jan 2023, Accepted 20 Aug 2023, Published online: 31 Aug 2023

References

  • Aday, J., C. Mitzkovitz, E. Bloesch, C. Davoli, and A. Davis. 2020. Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 113:179–89. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.017.
  • Allahverdyan, A., A. Galstyan, and P. Branas-Garza. 2014. Opinion dynamics with confirmation bias. PloS One 9 (7):e99557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099557.
  • Alvidrez, J., P. A. Areán, and A. L. Stewart. 2005. Psychoeducation to increase psychotherapy entry for older African Americans. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 13 (7):554–61. doi:10.1097/00019442-200507000-00003.
  • Baesler, E., and J. Burgoon. 2016. The temporal effects of story and statistical evidence on belief change. Communication Research 21 (5):582–602. doi:10.1177/009365094021005002.
  • Benţea, C., and V. Anghelache. 2012. Persuasion in the context of the efficient didactic communication. Procedia – Social & Behavioral Sciences 63:145–51. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.10.022.
  • Bruhn, J. G., B. U. Philips, and H. D. Gouin. 1975. The effects of drug education courses on attitudinal change in adult participants. International Journal of the Addictions 10 (1):65–96. doi:10.3109/10826087509026706.
  • Burge, B. 2017, August 26. FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation for MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD, Agrees on Special Protocol Assessment for Phase 3 Trials. https://maps.org/news/media/6786-press-release-fda-grants-breakthrough-therapy-designation-for-mdma-assisted-psychotherapy-for-ptsd,-agrees-on-special-protocol-assessment-for-phase-3-trials
  • Ching, T. H. W., A. K. Davis, Y. Xin, and M. T. Williams. 2022a. Effects of psychedelic use on racial trauma symptoms and ethnic identity among Asians in North America. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (advance online publication). 55 (1):19–29. doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2025960.
  • Ching, T. H. W., M. T. Williams, S. J. Reed, M. D. Kisicki, J. B. Wang, B. Yazar-Klosinski, A. Emerson, and R. Doblin. 2022b. MDMA-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A mixed-methods case study of a participant of color from an open-label trial. Journal of Humanistic Psychology ( advance online publication). 002216782210769. doi:10.1177/00221678221076993.
  • Davis, A. K., F. S. Barrett, D. G. May, M. P. Cosimano, N. D. Sepeda, M. W. Johnson, P. H. Finan, and R. R. Griffiths. 2021. Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 78 (5):481–89. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285.
  • Drive, R., and H. B. Gerard. 1980. Personality, attitudinal, and social correlates of drug use. International Journal of the Addictions 15 (6):869–81. doi:10.3109/10826088009040062.
  • Duff, C., A. Puri, and C. Chow. 2011. Ethno-cultural differences in the use of alcohol and other drugs: Evidence from the Vancouver youth drug reporting system. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 10 (1):2–23. doi:10.1080/15332640.2011.547791.
  • Du, H., X. Li, D. Lin, and C. C. Tam. 2014. Hopelessness, individualism, collectivism, and substance use among young rural-to-urban migrants in China. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine 2 (1):211–20. doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.888656.
  • Eiser, J. R., M. Gossop, and J. Van Der Pligt. 1980. Drug attitudes and discrimination between drugs among a group of English schoolchildren. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 5 (1):57–62. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90170-2.
  • Feinberg, M., and R. Willer. 2015. From gulf to bridge: When do moral arguments facilitate political influence? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41 (12):1665–81. doi:10.1177/0146167215607842.
  • Ganz, M. 2011. Public narrative, collective action, and power. In Accountability through public opinion: From inertia to public action, ed. S. Odugbemi and T. Lee, 273–89. Washington D.C: The World Bank. doi:10.1596/9780821385050_CH18.
  • Gary, F. A. 2005. Stigma: Barrier to mental health care among ethnic minorities. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 26 (10):979–99. doi:10.1080/01612840500280638.
  • George, J. R., T. I. Michaels, J. Sevelius, and M. T. Williams. 2020. The psychedelic renaissance and the limitations of a White-dominant medical framework: A call for indigenous and ethnic minority inclusion. Journal of Psychedelic Studies 4 (1):4–15. doi:10.1556/2054.2019.015.
  • Ghafoori, B., D. Fisher, O. Korosteleva, and M. Hong. 2016. A randomized, controlled pilot study of a single-session psychoeducation treatment for urban, culturally diverse, trauma-exposed adults. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 204 (6):421–30. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000512.
  • Goodlee, F., and R. Hurley. 2016. The war on drugs has failed: Doctors should lead calls for drug policy reform. BMJ 355:i6067. doi:10.1136/bmj.i6067.
  • Goodwerks. 2015, June17. How long should my text be? Visualizing word counts for publications. https://goodwerks.com/wordpress/?page_id=1184
  • Grady, C. L., A. R. McIntosh, M. N. Rajah, and F. I. M. Craik (1998). Neural correlates of the episodic encoding of pictures and words. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95, 2703–08. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2703
  • Griffiths, R., M. Johnson, M. Carducci, A. Umbricht, W. Richards, B. Richards, M. Cosimano, and M. Klinedinst. 2016. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology 30 (12):1181–97. doi:10.1177/0269881116675513.
  • Grinspoon, L., and R. Doblin. 2001. Psychedelics as catalysts of insight-oriented psychotherapy. Social Research 68:677–95.
  • Hartogsohn, I. 2017. Constructing drug effects: A history of set and setting. Drug Science, Policy and Law 3:205032451668332. doi:10.1177/2050324516683325.
  • Hendricks, P. S., C. B. Thorne, C. B. Clark, D. W. Coombs, and M. W. Johnson. 2015. Classic psychedelic use is associated with reduced psychological distress and suicidality in the United States adult population. Journal of Psychopharmacology 29 (3):280–88. doi:10.1177/0269881114565653.
  • Hoeken, H., and K. Fikkers. 2014. Issue-relevant thinking and identification as mechanisms of narrative persuasion. Poetics 44:84–99. doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2014.05.001.
  • Jensen, J., A. King, N. Carcioppolo, M. Krakow, N. Samadder, and S. Morgan. 2014. Comparing tailored and narrative worksite interventions at increasing colonoscopy adherence in adults 50–75: A randomized controlled trial. Social Science & Medicine 104:31–40. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.12.003.
  • Johansen, P.-Ø., and T. S. Krebs. 2015. Psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: A population study. Journal of Psychopharmacology 29 (3):270–79. doi:10.1177/0269881114568039.
  • Johnson, T. P. 2007. Cultural-level influences on substance use & misuse. Substance Use & Misuse 42 (2–3):305–16. doi:10.1080/10826080601142022.
  • Johnson, M., W. Richards, and R. Griffiths. 2008. Human hallucinogen research: Guidelines for safety. Journal of Psychopharmacology 22 (6):603–20. doi:10.1177/0269881108093587.
  • Jones, G. M., and M. K. Nock. 2022a. Mdma/ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of US adults. Journal of Psychopharmacology 36 (1):46–56. doi:10.1177/02698811211058923.
  • Jones, G. M., and M. K. Nock. 2022b. Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (MDMA and psilocybin) and psychological distress and suicidality. Scientific Reports 12 (1):16976. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18645-3.
  • Klein, A. B., A. C. Kline, A. R. Bowling, and N. C. Feeny. 2021. Bridging the science‐practice gap in treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: Testing strategies to enhance beliefs toward exposure therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology 77 (12):2765–80. doi:10.1002/jclp.23221.
  • Kopfman, J., S. Smith, J. Ah Yun, and A. Hodges. 1998. Affective and cognitive reactions to narrative versus statistical evidence organ donation messages. Journal of Applied Communication Research 26 (3):279–300. doi:10.1080/00909889809365508.
  • Krebs, T. S., P. Ø. Johansen, and L. Lu. 2013. Psychedelics and mental health: A population study. PloS One 8 (8):e63972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063972.
  • Kreuter, M., M. Green, J. Cappella, M. Slater, M. Wise, D. Storey, E. Clark, D. O’Keefe, D. Erwin, K. Holmes, et al. 2007. Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: A framework to guide research and application. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 33 (3):221–35. doi:10.1007/bf02879904.
  • Kreuter, M., K. Holmes, K. Alcaraz, B. Kalesan, S. Rath, M. Richert, A. McQueen, N. Caito, L. Robinson, and E. Clark. 2010. Comparing narrative and informational videos to increase mammography in low-income African American women. Patient Education and Counseling 81 (Suppl):S6–S14. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.008.
  • LaRocca, R., J. Yost, M. Dobbins, D. Ciliska, and M. Butt. 2012. The effectiveness of knowledge translation strategies used in public health: A systematic review. BMC Public Health 12 (1):751. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-751.
  • Latimer, A. E., L. R. Brawley, and R. L. Bassett. 2010. A systematic review of three approaches for constructing physical activity messages: What messages work and what improvements are needed? The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 7 (1):36. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-36.
  • Marieb, E. N., and K. Hoehn. 2018. Human anatomy & physiology. 11th ed. London, UK: Pearson Education.
  • McCabe, S. E., M. Morales, J. A. Cranford, J. Delva, M. D. McPherson, and C. J. Boyd. 2007. Race/Ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse among college students. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 6 (2):75–95. doi:10.1300/J233v06n02_06.
  • McGurk, H., and J. MacDonald. 1976. Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264 (5588):746–48. doi:10.1038/264746a0.
  • McLaughlin, H. 1969. SMOG grading - a new readability formula. Journal of Reading 12:639–46.
  • Michaels, T. I., J. Purdon, A. Collins, and M. T. Williams. 2018. Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: A review of the literature. BMC Psychiatry 18 (1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1824-6.
  • Mitchell, J. M., M. Bogenschutz, A. Lilienstein, C. Harrison, S. Kleiman, K. Parker-Guilbert, G. M. Ot’alora, W. Garas, C. Paleos, I. Gorman, et al. 2021. MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nature Medicine 27 (6):1025–33. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01336-3.
  • Moran, M., S. Murphy, L. Frank, and L. Baezconde-Garbanati. 2013. The ability of narrative communication to address health-related social norms. International Review of Social Research 3 (2):131–49. doi:10.1515/irsr-2013-0014.
  • Neitzke-Spruill, L. 2020. Race as a component of set and setting: How experiences of race can influence psychedelic experiences. Journal of Psychedelic Studies 4 (1):51–60. doi:10.1556/2054.2019.022.
  • Nichols, D. E., and E. L. Barker. 2016. Psychedelics. Pharmacological Reviews 68 (2):264–355. doi:10.1124/pr.115.011478.
  • Nutt, D., L. A. King, W. Saulsbury, and C. Blakemore. 2007. Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. The Lancet 369 (9566):1047–53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4.
  • Nyhan, B., and J. Reifler. 2019. The roles of information deficits and identity threat in the prevalence of misperceptions. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 29 (2):222–44. doi:10.1080/17457289.2018.1465061.
  • OpenGlobalRights. 2018. A Guide to Hope-Based Communications. https://www.openglobalrights.org/hope-guide/
  • Petraglia, J. 2009. The importance of being authentic: Persuasion, narration, and dialogue in health communication and education. Health Communication 24 (2):176–85. doi:10.1080/10410230802676771.
  • Petty, R., and P. Briñol. 2015. Emotion and persuasion: Cognitive and meta-cognitive processes impact attitudes. Cognition and Emotion 29 (1):1–26. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.967183.
  • Pole, N., J. Gone, and M. Kulkarni. 2008. Posttraumatic stress disorder among ethnoracial minorities in the United States. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice 15 (1):35–61. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00109.x.
  • Rainie, L., and B. Wellman. 2012. Networked: The new social operating system. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/8358.001.0001.
  • Rocklage, M., D. Rucker, and L. Nordgren. 2018. Persuasion, emotion, and language: The intent to persuade transforms language via emotionality. Psychological Science 29 (5):749–60. doi:10.1177/0956797617744797.
  • Room, R. 2005. Stigma, social inequality and alcohol and drug use. Drug and Alcohol Review 24 (2):143–55. doi:10.1080/09595230500102434.
  • Shin, S.-K., and E. P. Lukens. 2002. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatric Services 53 (9):1125–31. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.53.9.1125.
  • Slater, M., D. Buller, E. Waters, M. Archibeque, and M. LeBlanc. 2003. A test of conversational and testimonial messages versus didactic presentations of nutrition information. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 35 (5):255–59. doi:10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60056-0.
  • Sless, D. 2019. Learning and visual communication. United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Stokes, J. P. 1974. Personality traits and attitudes and their relationship to student drug using behavior. International Journal of the Addictions 9 (2):267–87. doi:10.3109/10826087409057347.
  • Strauss, D., S. de la Salle, J. Sloshower, and M. T. Williams. 2022. Research abuses against people of colour and other vulnerable groups in early psychedelic research. Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (10):728–37. doi:10.1136/medethics-2021-107262.
  • Williams, M. T., T. H. W. Ching, D. M. B. Printz, and C. T. Wetterneck. 2018. Assessing PTSD in ethnic and racial minorities: Trauma and racial trauma. Directions in Psychiatry 38:179–96.
  • Williams, M. T., A. K. Davis, Y. Xin, N. D. Sepeda, P. C. Grigas, S. Sinnott, and A. M. Haeny. 2021. People of color in North America report improvements in racial trauma and mental health symptoms following psychedelic experiences. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy 28 (3):215–26. doi:10.1080/09687637.2020.1854688.
  • Williams, M. T., S. Reed, and R. Aggarwal. 2020. Culturally-informed research design issues in a study for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychedelic Studies 4 (1):40–50. doi:10.1556/2054.2019.016.
  • Winterbottom, A., H. Bekker, M. Conner, and A. Mooney. 2008. Does narrative information bias individual’s decision making? A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine 67 (12):2079–88. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.037.
  • Wise, M., J. Han, B. Shaw, F. McTavish, and D. Gustafson. 2008. Effects of using online narrative and didactic information on healthcare participation for breast cancer patients. Patient Education and Counseling 70 (3):348–56. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.11.009.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.