98
Views
74
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Teachers as “Tests”: Differential Validity of Teacher Judgments in Identifying Students At-Risk for Learning Difficulties

, &
Pages 47-60 | Published online: 22 Dec 2019

References

  • Algozzine, B., Christenson, S., & Ysseldyke, J. (1981). Probabilities associated with the referral to placement process. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Institute for Research on Learning Disabilities.
  • American Association on Mental Retardation. (1992). Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. Washington, DC: Author.
  • Ashurst, D. I., & Meyers, C. E. (1973). Social system and clinical model in school identification of the educable retarded. In G. Tarjan, R. K. Eyman & C. E. Meyers (Eds.), Sociobehavioral studies in mental retardation [Monograph] (No. 1, pp. 150–163). Washington, DC: Association on Mental Deficiency.
  • Dunn, L. M., & Markwardt, E. C. (1970). Peabody individual achievement test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
  • Egan, O., & Archer, P. (1985). The accuracy of teacher ratings of ability: A regression model. American Educational Research Journal, 22, 25–34.
  • Fletcher, J., Francis, D., Rourke, B., Shaywitz, B., & Shaywitz, S. (1993). Classification of learning disabilities: Relationships with other childhood disorders. In G. R. Lyon, D. Gray, J. kavanagh, & N. Krasnegor (Eds.), Better understanding learning disabilities (pp. 27–56). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
  • Fletcher, J., Shaywitz, S., Shankweiler, D., Katz, L., Liberman, I., Fowler, A., Francis, D., Stuebing, K., & Shaywitz, B. (1994). Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 1–18.
  • Garber, M. (1988). The Milwaukee Project. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
  • Gerber, M., & Semmel, M. (1984). Teacher as imperfect test: Reconceptualizing the referral process. Educational Psychologist, 19, 137–146.
  • Goh, D., Telzrow, C., & Fuller, G. (1981). The practice of psychological assessment among school psychologists. Professional Psychology, 12, 696–706.
  • Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social skills rating system. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
  • Gresham, F. M., MacMillan, D. L., & Bocian, K. (1990). Learning disabilities, low achievement, and mild mental retardation: More alike than different? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29, 570–581.
  • Gresham, F. M., Reschly, D. J., & Carey, M. (1987). Teachers as “tests”: Classification accuracy and concurrent validation in the identification of learning disabled children. School Psychology Review, 16, 543–563.
  • Heber, R. (1959). A manual on terminology and classification in mental retardation [Monograph Supplement]. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 56.
  • Heber, R. (1961). modifications in the manual on terminology and classification in mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Deficiency, 65, 499–500.
  • Hoge, R. (1983). Psychometric properties of teacher-judgment measures of pupil aptitudes, classroom behaviors, and achievement levels. The Journal of Special Education, 17, 401–429.
  • Hoge, R., & Colardarci, T. (1989). Teacher-based judgments of academic achievement: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 59, 297–313.
  • Hoge, R., & Cudmore, L. (1986). The use of teacher-judgment measures in the identification of gifted pupils. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2, 181–196.
  • Hutton, J., Dubes, R., & Muir, S. (1992). Assessment practices of school psychologists: Ten years later. School Psychology Review, 21, 271–284.
  • Jastak, S., & Wilkinson, G. (1984). Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised. Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates.
  • Lachenbruch, P. (1967). An almost unbiased method of obtaining confidence intervals for the probability of misclassification in discriminant analysis. Biometrics, 23, 639–645.
  • Lachenbruch, P., & Mickey, M. A. (1968). Estimation of error rates in discriminant analysis. Technometrics, 10, 1–10.
  • Leinhardt, G. (1983). Novice and expert knowledge of individual student's achievement. Educational Psychologist, 18, 390–402.
  • Lindeman, R., Merenda, P., & Gold, R. (1980). Introduction to bivariate and multivariate analysis. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
  • MacMillan, D. L., Siperstein, G., & Gresham, F. M. (1996). A challenge to the viability of mild mental retardation as a diagnostic category. Exceptional Children, 62, 356–371.
  • O'Reilly, C., Northcraft, G., & Sabers, D. (1989). The confirmation bias in special education eligibility decisions. School Psychology Review, 18, 126–135.
  • Reschly, D. J. (1988). Special education reform: School psychology revolution. School Psychology Review, 17, 459–475.
  • Reschly, D. J., & Ysseldyke, J. (1995). School psychology paradigm shift. In A Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology-III (pp. 17–31). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
  • Reynolds, M. C., & Lakin, K. C. (1987). Noncategorical special education for mildly handicapped students: A system for the future. In M. Wang, M. Reynolds, & H. Walberg (Eds.), The handbook of special education: Research and practice (Vol. 1, pp. 331–356). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
  • Shaywitz, B., Fletcher, J., Holahan, J., & Shaywitz, S. (1992). Discrepancy compared to low achievement definitions of reading disability: Results from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 639–648.
  • Siegel, L. S. (1992). An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of dyslexia Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 618–629.
  • Silverstein, A., Brownlee, L., Legutki, G., & MacMillan, D. L. (1983). Convergent and discriminant validation of two methods of assessing three academic traits. The Journal of Special Education, 17, 63–68.
  • Smith, J. D., & Polloway, E. A. (1979). The dimension of adaptive behavior in mental retardation research: An analysis of recent practices. American Journal on Mental Deficiency, 84, 203–206.
  • Stanovich, K. E. (1991). Discrepancy definitions of reading disability: Has intelligence led us astray? Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 1–29.
  • Stanovich, K. E., & Siegel, L. S. (1994). Phenotypic performance profiles of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable difference model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 24–53.
  • Tatsuoka, M. (1971). Multivariate analysis: Techniques for educational and psychological research. New York: Wiley.
  • Vellutino, F. R. (1979). Dyslexia: Theory and research. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Walker, H. M., Block-Pedego, A., Todis, B., & Severson, H. (1991). School archival records search. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.
  • Wechsler, D. (1974). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wilson, M., & Reschly, D. J. (1996). Assessment in school psychology training and practice. School Psychology Review, 25, 9–23.
  • Wolf, T. (1969a). The emergency of Binet's conceptions and measurement of intelligence: A case history of the creative process: Part I. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 5, 113–134.
  • Wolf, T. (1969b). The emergency of Binet's conceptions and measurement of intelligence: A case history of the creative process: Part II. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 5, 207–237.
  • Ysseldyke, J., Algozzine, B., Shinn, M., & McGue, K. (1982). Similarities and differences between low achievers and students classified as learning disabled. The Journal of Special Education, 16, 73–85.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.