Effect of topography and geology on the site index of Picea abies in the West Carpathian, Poland

References

• Adamczyk , B. , Gerlach , T. , Obrebska-Starklowa , B. and Starkel , L. 1980 . Zonal and azonal aspects of the agriculture-forest limit in the Polish Carpathians . Geographia Polonica , 43 : 71 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Baran , S. 1968 . A soils of Zywiec Beskidy Mountains . Sylwan , 6 , 45 – 58 . (In Polish with English abstract.)
   Google Scholar
• Beers , T. W. , Dress , P. E. and Wensel , L. C. 1966 . Aspect transformation in site productivity research . Journal of Forestry , 64 : 691 – 692 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruchwald , A. , Dudek , A. , Michalak , K. , Rymer-Dudzinska , T. , Wroblewski , L. & Zasada , M. 1999 . A growth model for Norway spruce stands . Sylwan , 1 , 19 – 31 . (In Polish with English abstract.)
   Google Scholar
• Bruchwald , A. , Michalak , K. , Wróblewski , L. & Zasada M. 2000 . Wzrost wysokosci sosny w róznych regionach Polski [Height growth of Scots pine in various regions of Poland] . In Przestrzenne zróznicowanie wzrostu sosny [Spatial variation in Scots pine growth]. Fundacja Rozwoj SGGW: 77–83. (In Polish with English abstract.)
   Google Scholar
• Burtan , J. 1973 . Explanation to detailed geological map of Poland. Sheet Wisla. 1:50000 , Warsaw : Polish Geological Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Calama , R. , Cañadas , N. and Montero , G. 2003 . Inter-regional variability in site index models for even-aged stands of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Spain . Annals of Forest Science , 60 : 259 – 269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H. Y. H. , Klinka , K. and Kabzems , R. D. 1998 . Site index, site quality, and foliar nutrients of trembling aspen: relationships and prediction . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 28 : 1743 – 1755 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H. Y. H. , Krestov , P. V. and Klinka , K. 2002 . Trembling aspen site index in relation to environmental measures of site quality at two spatial scales . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 32 : 112 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cieszewski , C. J. and Bella , I. E. 1989 . Polymorphic height and site index curves for lodgepole pine in Alberta . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 19 : 1151 – 1160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corona , P. , Scotti , R. and Tarchiani , N. 1998 . Relationship between environmental factors and site index in Douglas-fir plantations in central Italy . Forest Ecology and Management , 110 : 195 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curt , T. , Bouchard , M. and Agrech , G. 2001 . Predicting site index of Douglas-fir plantations from ecological variables in the Massif Central area of France . Forest Ecology and Management , 149 : 61 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elfving , B. and Kiviste , A. 1997 . Construction of site index equations for Pinus sylvestris L. using permanent plot data in Sweden . Forest Ecology and Management , 98 : 125 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , J. 1991 . Regression diagnostics: An introduction . Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Fries , A. , Lindgren , D. , Ying , C. C. , Ruotsalainen , S. , Lindgren , K. , Elfving , B. and Karlmats , U. 2000 . The effect of temperature on site index in western Canada and Scandinavia estimated from IUFRO Pinus contorta provenance experiments . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 30 : 921 – 929 .
   Google Scholar
• Gatzojannis , S. 2000 . Site-index model for Abies chephalonica in the Mount Taygetos Forest in Greece . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 15 : 326 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gieruszynski , T. 1936 . Wplyw wystawy na wzrost i zasobnosc drzewostanow swierkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich [Effect of slope exposure on the growth and yield of Norway spruce stands in the West Carpathians] . Sylwan , 1 , 51 – 80 . (In Polish with German abstract.)
   Google Scholar
• Hägglund , B. and Lundmark , J. E. 1977 . Site index estimation by means of site properties Scots pine and Norway spruce in Sweden . Studia Forestalia Suecica , 138 : 5 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Hess , M. 1965 . Pietra klimatyczne w polskich Karpatach Zachodnich [Climatic zones in the Polish West Carpathians] . Krakow : Universitas Iageloonica Acta Scientarum Litterarumque . (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Huang , S. , Yang , Y. and Wang , Y. 2003 . “ A critical look at procedures for validating growth and yield models ” . In Modelling forest systems , Edited by: Amaro , A. , Reed , D. and Soares , P. 271 – 293 . Oxford : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Johansson , T. 2006 . Site index conversion equations for Picea abies and five broadleaved species in Sweden: Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens and Populus tremula . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 21 : 14 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliczkowska , A. & Bruchwald , A. 2000 . Ksztaltowanie sie bonitacji drzewostanów swierkowych na terenach górskich [Site quality of spruce stands in mountain areas] . Sylwan , 9 , 5 – 15 . (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Klinka , K. and Chen , H. Y. H. 2003 . Potential productivity of three interior subalpine forest tree species in British Columbia . Forest Ecology and Management , 175 : 521 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinka , K. , Wang , Q. , Carter , R. E. and Chen , H. Y. H. 1996 . Height growth–elevation relationships in subalpine forests of interior British Columbia . Forestry Chronicle , 72 : 193 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinka , K. , Chen , H. Y. H. and Kabzems , R. D. 1998 . Height growth and site index models for trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in northern British Columbia . Forest Ecology and Management , 102 : 157 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Kukula , J. , Mis , R. , Wazynski , B. & Zolciak , E. 1997 . Zagadnienia praktyczne z urzadzania lasu [Practical problems of forest management] . Poznan : Agricultural University Press . (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Lindgren , D. , Ying , C. C. , Elfving , B. and Lindgren , K. 1994 . Site index variation with latitude and altitude in IUFRO Pinus-Contorta provenance experiments in western Canada and northern Sweden . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 9 : 270 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maciaszek , W. , Gruba , P. , Januszek , K. , Lasota , J. , Wanic , T. & Zwydak , M. 2000 . Degradacja i regradacja gleb pod wplywem gospodarki lesnej na terenie Zywiecczyzny [Degradation and restitution of soils influenced by forest management in the Zywiec region] . Krakow : Agricultural University Press . (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Matuszkiewicz , J. M. 2002 . Zespoly lesne Polski [Forest communities in Poland]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Monserud , R. A. , Moody , U. and Breuer , D. W. 1990 . A soil-site study for inland Douglas-fir . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 20 : 686 – 695 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payandeh , B. and Wang , Y. 1994 . Modified site index equations for major Canadian timber species . Forest Ecology and Management , 64 : 97 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Seynave , I. , Gégout , J. C. , Hervé , J. C. , Dhôte , J. F. , Drapier , J. B. É. and Dumé , G. 2005 . Picea abies site index prediction by environmental factors and understorey vegetation: A two-scale approach based on survey databases . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 35 : 1669 – 1678 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sit , V. & Poulin-Costello , M. 1994 . Catalogue of curves for curve fitting . Biometrics information handbook series. Handbook 4 . Victoria, BC : Ministry of Forests .
   Google Scholar
• Socha , J. 1998 . Effect of elevation on the site index of Norway spruce . Sylwan , 9 , 25 – 31 . (In Polish with English abstract.)
   Google Scholar
• Sprackling , J. A. 1973 . Soil topographic site index for Engelmann spruce on granitic soils in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming (Research Note No. RM-239). USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station .
   Google Scholar
• StatSoft, Inc . 2007 . Statistica (Version 7.1) [Computer software] http://www.statsoft.com
   Google Scholar
• Sturtevant , B. R. and Seagle , S. W. 2004 . Comparing estimates of forest site quality in old second-growth oak forests . Forest Ecology and Management , 191 : 311 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trepinska , J. 2002 Klimaty gorskie [Mountain climates] . Krakow : Jagiellonian University Institute of Geography and Spatial Management . (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Tyszkiewicz , S. & Obminski , Z. 1963 . Hodowla i uprawa lasu [Forest planting and silviculture] . Warsaw : National Agricultural and Forestry Press . PWRiL. (In Polish.)
   Google Scholar
• Van Laar , A. and Akça , A. 1997 . Forest mensuration , Göttingen : Cuvillier .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , G. G. and Klinka , K. 1996 . Use of synoptic variables in predicting white spruce site index . Forest Ecology and Management , 80 : 95 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West , P. W. 2004 . Tree and forest measurement , Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Wilczynski , S. & Feliksik , E. 2004 . The dendrochronological monitoring of the Western Beskid mountains (southern Poland) of the basis of radial increment of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) . Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Forestry , 7(2). Retrieved May 3, 2007, from http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume7/issue2/forestry/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Wilczynski , S. , Feliksik , E. & Wertz , B. 2004 . Diversification of climatic requirements of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the upper forest zone . Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Forestry , 7(2). Retrieved May 3, 2007, from http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume7/issue2/forestry/index.html
   Google Scholar
• World Reference Base for Soil Resources 1998 . FAO, ISRIC and ISSS .
   Google Scholar
• Zheng , D. , Freeman , M. , Bergh , J. , R⊘sberg , I. and Nilsen , P. 2002 . Production of Picea abies in south-east Norway in response to climate change: A case study using process-based model simulation with field validation . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 17 : 35 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar