457
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Factors affecting the success of autumn direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris L. in Finnish Lapland

&
Pages 515-529 | Received 13 Sep 2010, Accepted 04 May 2011, Published online: 06 Jun 2011

References

  • Ackzell , L. 1992 . Naturally established seedlings on an artificially regenerated areas in northern Sweden . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 7 : 485 – 495 .
  • Ackzell , L. 1993 . A comparison of planting, sowing and natural regeneration for Pinus sylvestris (L.) in boreal Sweden . Forest Ecology and Management , 61 : 229 – 245 .
  • Almqvist , C. , Bergsten , U. , Bondesson , L. and Eriksson , U. 1998 . Predicting germination capacity of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seeds using temperature data from weather stations . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 28 : 1530 – 1535 .
  • Bergsten , U. , Goulet , F. , Lundmark , T. and Löfvenius , M. O. 2001 . Frost heaving in a boreal soil in relation to soil scarification and snow cover . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 31 : 1084 – 1092 .
  • Bergsten, U. & Sahlén, K. (2008). Sådd [Direct seeding]. Skogsskötselserien 5. p. 63 (In Swedish.). Retrieved January 15, 2011, from: http://pub-epsilon.slu.se:8080/1617/01/5_Sadd.pdf
  • Burton , P. J. 2002 . Effects of clearcut edges on trees in the sub-boreal spruce zone of Northwest-Central British Columbia . Silva Fennica , 36 ( 1 ) : 329 – 352 .
  • Cajander , A. K. 1909 . Über Waldtypen . Acta Forestalia Fennica , 1 , 175 ( In German ).
  • Crawley, M. J. (2007). The R book. Chippenham: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 942.
  • de Chantal , M. , Leinonen , K. , Ilvesniemi , H. and Westman , C. J. 2003a . Combined effects of site preparation, soil properties, and sowing date on the establishment of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies from seeds . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 33 : 931 – 945 .
  • de Chantal , M. , Eskola , L. , Ilvesniemi , H. , Leinonen , K. and Westman , C. J. 2003b . Early establishment of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies on soil freshly prepared and after stabilisation . Silva Fennica , 37 ( 1 ) : 15 – 30 .
  • de Chantal , M. , Ilvesniemi , H. , Leinonen , K. and Westman , C. J. 2004 . Effects of site preparation on soil properties and on morphology of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings at different dates . New Forests , 27 : 159 – 173 .
  • Flewelling , J. W. and Pienaar , L. V. 1981 . Multiplicative regression with lognormal errors . Forest Science , 27 : 281 – 289 .
  • Häggman , J. 1987 . Voiko männynsiemen jälki-itää? [Can Scots pine seed post-germinate?] . In : H. Saarenmaa & H. Poikajärvi Korkeiden maiden metsien uudistaminen. Ajankohtaista tutkimuksesta. Metsäntutkimuspäivät Rovaniemellä 1987 , Research Paper 278 . Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute ( In Finnish ).
  • Hallikainen , V. , Hyppönen , M. , Jalkanen , R. & Mäkitalo , K. 2004 . Metsänviljelyn onnistuminen Lapin yksityismetsissä vuosina 1984–1995 [Success of artificial regeneration in non-industrial private forests in Finnish Lapland in 1984–1995] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja , 1/2004 , 3 – 20 ( In Finnish ).
  • Hanssen , K. 2003 . Natural regeneration of Picea abies on small clear-cuts in SE Norway . Forest Ecology and Management , 180 : 199 – 213 .
  • Hedemann-Gade , E. 1927 . Investigations regarding the most suitable time for sowing coniferous seed . Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift , 25 , 5 – 50 ( In Swedish with English summary ).
  • Heikinheimo , O. 1932 . Metsäpuiden siementämiskyvystä. I. Über die Besamungsfähigkeit der Waldbäume I . Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae , 17 ( 3 ), 61 ( In Finnish with German summary ).
  • Heikinheimo , O. 1937 . Metsäpuiden siementämiskyvystä II. Über die Besamungsfähigkeit der Waldbäume II . Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae , 24 ( 4 ), 67 ( In Finnish with German summary ).
  • Heikinheimo , O. 1940 . Metsäpuiden taimien kasvatus taimitarhassa [Growing of tree seedlings in a nursery] . Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae , 29 ( 1 ), 1 – 97 ( In Finnish with German summary ).
  • Henttonen , H. , Kanninen , M. , Nygren , M. and Ojansuu , R. 1986 . The maturation of Pinus sylvestris seeds in relation to temperature climate in Northern Finland . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 1 : 243 – 249 .
  • Hilli , A. , Hokkanen , T. , Hyvönen , J. and Sutinen , M.-L. 2008 . Long-term variation in Scots pine seed crop size and quality in northern Finland . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 23 : 395 – 403 .
  • Hokajärvi, T. (1997). Metsänhoito-ohjeet [Forest management guidelines]. Metsähallituksen metsätalouden julkaisuja, 10, 1–58 (In Finnish).
  • Hyppönen , M. 1998 . Koneellisen männynkylvön onnistuminen Länsi-Lapissa [Success of mechanical direct seeding of Scots pine in western Lapland] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja-Folia Forestalia , 1/1998 , 65 – 74 ( In Finnish ).
  • Hyppönen , M. 2000 . Artificial regeneration techniques in Finland . In : E. Mälkönen , N. A. Babich , V. I. Krutov & I. A. Markova Forest Regeneration in the Northern Parts of Europe. Proceedings of the Finnish-Russian Forest Regeneration Seminar in Vuokatti, Finland , Research Paper 790, September 28th–October 2nd, 1998 . Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute .
  • Hyppönen , M. 2002 . Natural regeneration of Scots pine using the seed tree method in Finnish Lapland , Research Paper 844. Helsinki: Finnish Forest Research Institute, p. 69 (In Finnish with English summary) .
  • Hyppönen , M. , Härkönen , J. , Keränen , K. , Riissanen , N. & Tikkanen , J. 2001 . Pohjois-Suomen metsänhoitosuositukset [ Forest management guidelines for northern Finland ]. Kajaani : Kajaanin Kirjapaino Oy ( In Finnish ).
  • Hyppönen , M. & Kemppe , T. 2002 . Maanmuokkauksen ja kylvön vaikutus mäntysiemenpuualan taimettumiseen Etelä-Lapissa [Effect of site preparation and direct seeding on the establishment of a seed-tree area in South Lapland] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja , 1/2002 , 19 – 27 ( In Finnish ).
  • Kangas , E. 1940 . Tuloksia Pohjankankaan ja Hämeenkankaan metsänviljelyksistä [Results from the forest regeneration in Pohjankangas and Hämeenkangas] . Acta Forestalia Fennica , 49 ( 4 ), 1 – 64 ( In Finnish with German summary ).
  • Kankaanhuhta , V. , Saksa , T. and Smolander , H. 2009 . Variation in the results of Norway spruce planting and Scots pine direct seeding in privately-owned forests in southern Finland . Silva Fennica , 43 ( 1 ) : 51 – 70 .
  • Keskimölö, A., Heikkinen, E. & Keränen, K. (Eds) (2007). Pohjois-Suomen metsänhoitosuositukset 2007 [Forest management recommendations for Northern Finland]. Oulu: Kalevaprint Oy (In Finnish).
  • Kinnunen , K. 1982 . Scots pine sowing on barren mineral soils in western Finland . Folia Forestalia , 531 , 1 – 24 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Kinnunen , K. 1992 . Effect of substratum, date and method on the post-sowing survival of Scots pine . Folia Forestalia , 785 , 1 – 45 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Kinnunen , K. 1993 . Direct sowing and natural regeneration of Scots pine in western Finland , Research Paper 447. Helsinki: Finnish Forest Research Institute (In Finnish with English summary) .
  • Kinnunen , K. 1996 . Kevät- ja syyskylvön onnistuminen eri puulajeilla [Success of direct seeding of various tree species in the spring and in the autumn]. In : O. Laiho & T. Luoto , Metsäntutkimuspäivä Porissa 1995 , Research Paper 593 . Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute ( In Finnish ).
  • Kinnunen , K. 2003 . Konekylvön käyttökelpoisuus männyn uudistamisessa [Usability of mechanical direct seeding in the regeneration of Pinus sylvestris] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja , 1/2003 , 69 – 72 ( In Finnish ).
  • Kuuluvainen , T. and Pukkala , T. 1989 . Effect of Scots pine seed trees on the density of ground vegetation and tree seedlings . Silva Fennica , 23 ( 2 ) : 159 – 167 .
  • Lassila , I. 1920 . Tutkimuksia mäntymetsien synnystä ja kehityksestä pohjoisen napapiirin pohjoispuolella [Investigations of regeneration and development of Pinus sylvestris at the northern side of the Arctic Circle] . Acta Forestalia Fennica , 14 ( 3 ), 1 – 98 ( In Finnish with German summary ).
  • Lindroos, P. (2003). Maaperä [Soil]. In: E. Mälkönen (Ed.), Metsämaa ja sen hoito [Forest soil and its management], p. 220. Helsinki: Metsälehti kustannus (In Finnish).
  • Miina , J. and Saksa , T. 2008 . Predicting establishment of tree seedlings for evaluating methods of regeneration for Pinus sylvestris . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 23 : 12 – 27 .
  • Nygren, M. & Leinonen, K. (1992). Puulajiemme laboratorio- ja kenttäitävyydestä [Laboratory and field germination of the native tree species]. In: Smolander, H. & Pulkkinen, M. (Eds.), Siemenpäivät Siilinjärvellä [Seed days in Siilinjärvi], Research Paper 426. Helsinki: Finnish Forest Research Institute (In Finnish).
  • Ojansuu , R. & Henttonen , H. 1983 . Estimation of local values of monthly mean temperature, effective temperature sum and precipitation sum from the measurement made by the Finnish Meteorological Office . Silva Fennica , 17 ( 2 ), 143 – 160 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Pamuk, G. (2004). Controlling water dynamics in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds before and during seedling emergence. Acta Universitatis Sueciae, Silvestria, 305, 1–29.
  • Pohtila , E. 1977 . Reforestation of ploughed sites in Finnish Lapland . Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae , 91 ( 4 ) : 1 – 100 .
  • Pohtila , E. 1980 . Climatic fluctuations and forestry in Lapland . Holarctic Ecology , 3 : 91 – 98 .
  • Pohtila , E. & Pohjola , T. 1983 . Results from the reforestation experiment on ploughed sites established in Finnish Lapland during 1970–1972 . Silva Fennica , 17 ( 3 ), 201 – 217 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Pohtila , E. & Pohjola , T. 1985 . Soil preparation in reforestation of Scots pine in Lapland . Silva Fennica , 19 ( 3 ), 245 – 270 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Pohtila , E. & Timonen , M. 1980 . Scots pine plantations and their early development in the protection forests of Finnish Lapland . Folia Forestalia 453 , 18 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Pohtila , E. & Valkonen , S. 1985 . Development and condition of artificially regenerated pine and spruce sapling stands in the privately owned forests of Finnish Lapland . Folia Forestalia 631 , 19 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Rasbash, J., Charlton, C., Kelvyn, J. & Pillinger, R. (2009). Manual supplement for MLwiN Version 2.10. University of Bristol, Centre for Multilevel Modelling. p. 97. Retrieved June 20, 2010, from: http://www.cmm.bristol.ac.uk/MLwiN/
  • Renvall , A. 1912 . Die periodischen Erscheinungen der Produktion der Kiefer an der polaren Waldgrenze [Periodical variation of the production of Scots pine at the Arctic Circle] . Acta Forestalia Fennica , 1 ( 2 ), 1 – 154 ( In German ).
  • Ruuska , J. , Siipilehto , J. and Valkonen , S. 2008 . Effect of edge stands on the development of young Pinus sylvestris stands in southern Finland . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 23 : 214 – 226 .
  • Sarvas , R. 1937 . Kuloalojen luontaisesta metsittymisestä. Pohjois-Suomen kuivilla kankailla suoritettu metsäbiologinen tutkielma [Natural regeneration of wildfire areas. The forest biological study on the heaths of northern Finland] . Acta Forestalia Fennica , 46 , 147 ( In Finnish with German summary ).
  • Sarvas , R. 1950 . Investigations into the natural regeneration of selectively cut private forests in northern Finland . Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae , 38 ( 1 ) : 95
  • Sirén , G. 1952 . Observations on pine sowings on state-owned lands in Peräpohjola (Far North) in 1948–1950 . Silva Fennica , 78 , 1 – 30 ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Tillman-Sutela , E. 1995 . Structural and seasonal aspects on the imbibition and germination of northern conifer seeds . Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A , 266 : 28
  • Valkonen , S. 1992 . Forest regeneration at high altitudes in Northern Finland . Folia Forestalia , 791 , 1 – 84 . ( In Finnish with English summary ).
  • Wall , A. & Kubin , E. 2000 . Maanmuokkaustavan ja maalajin vaikutus männyn hajakylvön onnistumiseen. [The effect of site preparation method and soil type on the success of direct broadcast sowing of Pinus sylvestris] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja , 1/2000 , 5 – 17 ( In Finnish ).
  • Wennström , U. , Bergsten , U. and Nilsson , J.-E. 1999 . Mechanized microsite preparation and direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris in boreal forests – a way to create desired spacing at low costs . New Forests , 18 : 179 – 198 .
  • Wennström , U. , Bergsten , U. and Nilsson , J.-E. 2007 . Seedling establishment and growth after direct seeding with Pinus sylvestris: Effects of seed type, seed origin, and seeding year . Silva Fennica , 41 ( 2 ) : 299 – 314 .
  • Wibeck , E. 1927 . Spring or autumn sowing . Meddelanden från Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt , 23 , 217 – 294 ( In Swedish with English summary ).
  • Wikström , K. 1922 . Höstsådd eller vårsådd av tall? [Autumn or spring sowing?] . Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift , 20 : 144 – 160 .
  • Winsa , H. and Bergsten , U. 1994 . Direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris using microsite preparation and invigorated seed lots of different quality. 2-year results . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 24 : 77 – 86 .
  • Winsa , H. and Sahlén , K. 2001 . Effects of invigoration and microsite preparation on seedling establishment after direct sowing of Pinus sylvestris L. at different dates . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 16 : 422 – 428 .
  • Yang, M., Rasbash, J., Goldstein, H. & Barbosa, M. (2001). MLwiN Macros for advanced Multilevel modelling, p. 48, United Kingdom: Institute of Education, University of London.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.