367
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Browsing and damage inflicted by moose in young Scots pine stands subjected to high-stump precommercial thinning

, , , &
Pages 382-387 | Received 09 Jun 2014, Accepted 17 Feb 2015, Published online: 20 Mar 2015

References

  • Baskin L, Danell K. 2003. Ecology of ungulates – a handbook of species in Eastern Europe and Northern and Central Asia. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Bergqvist G, Bergström L, Edenius L. 2001. Patterns of stem damage by moose (Alces alces) in young stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Scand J For Res. 16:363–370.
  • Bergström R, Danell K, Edenius L, Persson I-L. 2005. Älgens vinterfoder – tillgång och utnyttjande [Moose winter forage – availability and use]. Resultat från Skogforsk, no. 3:2005. Uppsala: The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden. Swedish with English Summary.
  • Cederlund G, Ljungqvist H, Markgren G, Stålfelt F. 1980. Foods of moose and roe-deer at Grimsö in central Sweden - results of rumen contents analyses. Swed Wildl Res. 11:169–247.
  • Danell K, Niemelä P, Varvikko T, Vuorisalo T. 1991. Moose browsing on scots pine along a gradient of plant productivity. Ecology. 72:1624–1633.
  • Drozdz A. 1979. Seasonal intake and digestibility of natural foods by roe deer. Acta Theriol. 24:137–170.
  • Edenius L, Bergman M, Ericsson G, Danell K. 2002. The role of moose as a disturbance factor in managed boreal forests. Silva Fenn. 36:57–67.
  • Elston DA, Moss R, Boulinier T, Arrowsmith C, Lambin X. 2001. Analysis of aggregation, a worked example: numbers of ticks on red grouse chicks. Parasitology. 122:563–569.
  • Esseen PA, Ehnström B, Ericson L, Sjöberg K. 1997. Boreal forests. Ecol Bull. 46:16–47.
  • Härkönen S. 1998. Effects of silvicultural cleaning in mixed pine-deciduous stands on moose damage to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Scand J For Res. 13:429–436.
  • Härkönen S, Heikkilä R, Faber WE, Pehrson Å. 1998. The influence of silvicultural cleaning on moose browsing in young Scots pine stands in Finland. Alces. 34:409–422.
  • Härkönen S, Miina J, Saksa T. 2008. Effect of cleaning methods in mixed pine-deciduous stands on moose damage in southern Finland. Scan J For Res. 23:491–500.
  • Heikkilä R, Härkönen S. 1996. Moose browsing in young Scots pine stands in relation to forest management. For Ecol Manage. 88:179–186.
  • Jalkanen A. 2001. The probability of moose damage at the stand level in southern Finland. Silva Fenn. 35:159–168.
  • Karlsson A, Albrektson A, Elfving B, Fries C. 2002. Development of Pinus sylvestris main stems following three different precommercial thinning in a mixed stand. Scand J For Res. 17:256–262.
  • Lavsund S, Nygrén T, Solberg EJ. 2003. Status of moose populations and challenges to moose management in Fennoscandia. Alces. 39:109–130.
  • Ligné D. 2004. New technical and alternative silvicultural approaches to pre-commercial thinning [doctoral thesis]. Umeå: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, Silvestria 331. ISSN 1401-6230.
  • Månsson J. 2009. Environmental variation and moose Alces alces density as determinants of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in browsing. Ecography. 32:601–612.
  • Månsson J, Andrén H, Pehrson Å, Bergström R. 2007. Moose browsing and forage availability - a scale-dependent relationship? Can J Zool. 85:372–380.
  • McLaren BE, Mahoney SP, Porter TS, Oosenbrug M. 2000. Spatial and temporal patterns of use by moose of pre-commercially thinned, naturally-regenerating stands of balsam fir in central Newfoundland. For Ecol Manage. 133:179–196.
  • R Core Team. 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Senft RL, Coughenour MB, Bailey DW, Rittenhouse LR, Sala OE, Swift DM. 1987. Large herbivore foraging and ecological hierarchies. Bioscience. 37:789–799.
  • Skogsstyrelsen. 2014. Älgbetningsskador [Moose browsing damage]. [cited 2014 Dec 15]. Available from: http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/Myndigheten/Skog-och-miljo/Tillstandet-i-skogen/Algbetningsskador/Abin-2013/
  • Swedish Forest Agency. 2013. Skogliga inventeringsmetoder i en kunskapsbaserad älgförvaltning [Forest survey methods in knowledge-based moose managament]. [cited 2014 Dec 15]. Available from: http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/Global/myndigheten/Skog%20och%20miljo/Skog-jakt-vilt/%c3%84bin%20Manual%20(version1.0).pdf.Swedish

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.