243
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Long-term growth response of black spruce advance regeneration (layers), natural seedlings and planted seedlings to scarification: 25th year update

&
Pages 583-593 | Received 21 Sep 2017, Accepted 14 Jan 2018, Published online: 06 Feb 2018

References

  • Boateng JO, Heineman JL, Bedford L, Linell Nemec AM. 2010. Twenty-year effects of mechanical site preparation and windrow burning treatments on soil properties and Pinus contorta var. latifolia nutrition in sub-boreal British Columbia. Scand J For Res. 25:515–533. doi: 10.1080/02827581.2010.519344
  • Boateng JO, Heineman JL, McClarnon J, Bedford L. 2006. Twenty year responses of white spruce to mechanical site preparation and early chemical release in the boreal region of northeastern British Columbia. Can J For Res. 36:2386–2399. doi: 10.1139/x06-197
  • Doi Y, Mori S, Takeda H. 2008. Conifer establishment and root architectural responses to forest floor heterogeneity in an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan. For Ecol Manage. 255:1472–1478. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.001
  • Farmer RE Jr. 1997. Seed ecophysiology of temperate and boreal zone forest trees. Delray Beach (FL): St. Lucie Press. Chapter 9, germination and establishment: temperature, water and light; p. 155–198.
  • Fleming RL, Black TA, Eldridge NR. 1994. Effects of site preparation on root zone soil water regimes in high-elevation forest clearcuts. For Ecol Manage. 68:173–188. doi: 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90044-2
  • Frisque G, Vézina PE. 1977. Reproduction de l’épinette noire (Picea mariana) après coupe à blanc de superficie réduite [Reproduction of black spruce (Picea mariana) after clearcutting of reduced area]. Can J For Res. 7:648–655. French. doi: 10.1139/x77-084
  • Gravelle JA, Ice G, Link TE, Cook DL. 2009. Nutrient concentration dynamics in an inland Pacific Northwest watershed before and after timber harvest. For Ecol Manage. 257:1663–1675. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.017
  • Groot A, Lussier J-M, Mitchell AK, MacIsaac DA. 2005. A silvicultural systems perspective on changing Canadian forestry practices. For Chron. 81:50–55. doi: 10.5558/tfc81050-1
  • Hanssen KH. 2002. Effects of seedbed substrates on regeneration of Picea abies from seeds. Scand J For Res. 17:511–521. doi: 10.1080/02827580260417161
  • Harvey B, Brais S. 2002. Effects of mechanized careful logging on natural regeneration and vegetation competition in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest. Can J For Res. 32:653–666. doi: 10.1139/x02-006
  • Hébert F, Boucher J-F, Walsh D, Tremblay P, Côté D, Lord D. 2014. Black spruce growth and survival in boreal open woodlands 10 years following mechanical site preparation and planting. Forestry. 87:277–286. doi: 10.1093/forestry/cpt052
  • Heiskanen J, Rikala R. 2006. Root growth and nutrient uptake of Norway spruce container seedlings planted in mounded boreal forest soil. For Ecol Manage. 222:410–417. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.047
  • Henneb M, Valeria O, Fenton NJ, Thiffault N, Bergeron Y. 2015. Mechanical site preparation: Key to microsite creation success on Clay Belt paludified sites. For Chron. 91:187–196. doi: 10.5558/tfc2015-030
  • Jeglum JK. 1987. Alternate strip clearcutting in upland black spruce. II. Factors affecting regeneration in first-cut strips. For Chron. 63:439–445. doi: 10.5558/tfc63439-6
  • Johansson K, Langvall O, Bergh J. 2012. Optimization of environmental factors affecting initial growth of Norway spruce seedlings. Silva Fenn. 46:27–38. doi: 10.14214/sf.64
  • Johansson K, Nilsson U, Örlander G. 2013. A comparison of long-term effects of scarification methods on the establishment of Norway spruce. Forestry. 86:91–98. doi: 10.1093/forestry/cps062
  • Johnston WF. 1990. Larix Laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch (tamarack). In: Burns RM, Honkala BH, editors. Silvics of North America. Vol. 1. Conifers. Washington (DC): USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 654; p. 141–151.
  • Lafleur B, Paré D, Fenton NJ, Bergeron Y. 2010. Do harvest methods and soil type impact the regeneration and growth of black spruce stands in northwestern Quebec? Can J For Res. 40:1843–1851. doi: 10.1139/X10-128
  • Lavoie M, Paré D, Bergeron Y. 2007. Relationships between microsite type and the growth and nutrition of young black spruce on post-disturbed lowland black spruce sites in eastern Canada. Can J For Res. 37:62–73. doi: 10.1139/x06-196
  • Lussier J-M, Morin H, Gagnon R. 1992. Comparaison de la croissance de marcottes d’épinette noire (Picea mariana) adultes après coupe à celle d’individus issus de graines après feu [Comparison of growth of adult black spruce (Picea mariana) layers to that of individuals originating from seeds after fire]. Can J For Res. 22:1524–1535. French. doi: 10.1139/x92-203
  • Mallik A, Kravchenko D. 2016. Black spruce (Picea mariana) restoration in Kalmia heath by scarification and microsite mulching. For Ecol Manage. 362:10–19. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.020
  • Man R, Lieffers VJ. 1999. Effects of shelterwood and site preparation on microclimate and establishment of white spruce seedlings in a boreal mixedwood forest. For Chron. 75:837–844. doi: 10.5558/tfc75837-5
  • Metslaid M, Ilisson T, Nikinmaa E, Kusmin J, Jõgiste K. 2005a. Recovery of advance regeneration after disturbances: acclimation of needle characteristics in Picea abies. Scand J For Res. 20:112–121. doi: 10.1080/14004080510043352
  • Metslaid M, Ilisson T, Vicente M, Nikinmaa E, Jõgiste K. 2005b. Growth of advance regeneration of Norway spruce after clear-cutting. Tree Physiol. 25:793–801. doi: 10.1093/treephys/25.7.793
  • Morin H, Gagnon R. 1992. Comparative growth and yield of layer- and seed-origin black spruce (Picea mariana) stands in Quebec. Can J For Res. 22:465–473. doi: 10.1139/x92-061
  • Munson AD, Margolis HA, Brand DG. 1993. Intensive silvicultural treatment: Impacts on soil fertility and planted conifer response. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 57:246–255. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010043x
  • Munson AD, Timmer VR. 1995. Soil nitrogen dynamics and nutrition of pine following silvicultural treatments in boreal and Great Lakes – St. Lawrence plantations. For Ecol Manage. 76:169–179. doi: 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03547-N
  • Örlander G, Gemmel P, Hunt J. 1990. Site preparation: a Swedish overview. For Can and British Columbia Min For. FRDA Rep. 105.
  • Paquin R, Doucet R. 1992. Croissance en hauteur à long terme de la régénération préétablie dans des pessières boréales régénérées par marcottage, au Québec [Long-term height growth of the pre-established regeneration in boreal spruce stands regenerated by layering, in Quebec]. Can J For Res. 22:613–621. French. doi: 10.1139/x92-081
  • Paquin R, Margolis HA, Doucet R. 1998. Nutrient status and growth of black spruce layers and planted seedlings in response to nutrient addition in the boreal forest of Quebec. Can J For Res. 28:729–736. doi: 10.1139/x98-041
  • Paquin R, Margolis HA, Doucet R, Coyea MR. 1999. Comparison of growth and physiology of layers and naturally established seedlings of black spruce in a boreal cutover in Quebec. Can J For Res. 29:1–8. doi: 10.1139/x98-171
  • Pothier D. 2000. Ten-year results of strip clear-cutting in Quebec black spruce stands. Can J For Res. 30:59–66. doi: 10.1139/x99-189
  • Pothier D, Doucet R, Boily J. 1995. The effect of advance regeneration height on future yield of black spruce stands. Can J For Res. 25:536–544. doi: 10.1139/x95-061
  • Prescott CE. 2014. The scientific value of long-term field trials in forest soils and nutrition research: An opportunist’s perspective. Can J Soil Sci. 94:255–262. doi: 10.4141/cjss2013-068
  • Prévost M. 1992. Effets du scarifiage sur les propriétés du sol, la croissance des semis et la compétition : revue des connaissances actuelles et perspectives de recherche au Québec [Effects of scarification on soil properties, seedling growth and competition: review of current knowledge and research perspectives in Quebec]. Ann Sci For. 49:277–296. French. doi: 10.1051/forest:19920306
  • Prévost M. 1996. Effets du scarifiage sur les propriétés du sol et l’ensemencement naturel dans une pessière noire à mousses de la forêt boréale québécoise [Effects of scarification on soil properties and natural seeding in a black spruce–moss stand of the Quebec boreal forest]. Can J For Res. 26:72–86. French. doi: 10.1139/x26-008
  • Prévost M. 1997. Effects of scarification on seedbed coverage and natural regeneration after a group seed-tree cutting in a black spruce stand. For Ecol Manage. 94:219–231. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03955-2
  • Prévost M, Dumais D. 2003. Croissance et statut nutritif de marcottes, de semis naturels et de plants d’épinette noire à la suite du scarifiage: résultats de 10 ans [Growth and nutrient status of black spruce layers, natural seedlings and planted seedlings following scarification: results after 10 years]. Can J For Res. 33:2097–2107. French. doi: 10.1139/x03-130
  • Prévost M, Thiffault N. 2013. La préparation de terrain. In: Larouche C, Guillemette F, Raymond P, Saucier J-P, editor. Le guide sylvicole du Québec. Tome 2. Les concepts et l’application de la sylviculture [site preparation. In: The quebec’s silvicultural guide. Tome 2. Concepts and application of silviculture]. Québec (QC): Les Publications du Québec; p. 134–157. French.
  • Rowe JS. 1972. Les régions forestières du Canada [Forest regions of Canada]. Environnement Canada. Service canadien des forêts, Publ. no. 1300F. French.
  • Rudolph TD, Laidly PR. 1990. Pinus banksiana lamb (jack pine). In: Burns RM, Honkala BH, editors. Silvics of North America. Vol. 1. Conifers. Washington (DC): USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 654; p. 280–293.
  • Saucier J-P, Bergeron J-F, Grondin P, Robitaille A. 1998. Les zones de végétation et les domaines bioclimatiques du Québec (document cartographique) [Vegetation Zones and Bioclimatic Domains in Quebec (Cartographic document)]. Ministère des Ressources naturelles, Forêts Québec, Sainte-Foy (Québec). French.
  • Schupp EW. 1995. Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. Am J Bot. 82:399–409. doi: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12645.x
  • Stanek W. 1961. Natural layering of black spruce in northern Ontario. For Chron. 37:245–258. doi: 10.5558/tfc37245-3
  • St. Martin P, Mallik AU. 2016. Growth release of stunted black spruce (Picea mariana) in Kalmia heath: the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi and near-ground microclimate. Can J For Res. 46:666–673. doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2015-0267
  • Sutherland B, Foreman FF. 2000. Black spruce and vegetation response to chemical and mechanical site preparation on a boreal mixedwood site. Can J For Res. 30:1561–1570. doi: 10.1139/x00-087
  • Thiffault N. 2016. Short-term effects of organic matter scalping on the growth and nutrition of black spruce and jack pine seedlings planted in the boreal forest. For Chron. 92:221–231. doi: 10.5558/tfc2016-041
  • Thiffault N, Hébert F, Jobidon R. 2012. Planted Picea mariana growth and nutrition as influenced by silviculture × nursery interactions on an ericaceous-dominated site. Silva Fenn. 46:667–682. doi: 10.14214/sf.918
  • Thiffault N, Jobidon R. 2006. How to shift unproductive Kalmia angustifolia – Rhododendron groenlandicum heath to productive conifer plantation. Can J For Res. 36:2364–2376. doi: 10.1139/x06-090
  • Thiffault N, Titus BD, Munson AD. 2004. Black spruce seedlings in a Kalmia–Vaccinium association: microsite manipulation to explore interactions in the field. Can J For Res. 34:1657–1668. doi: 10.1139/x04-046
  • Thiffault N, Titus BD, Munson AD. 2005. Silvicultural options to promote seedling establishment on Kalmia–Vaccinium-dominated sites. Scand J For Res. 20:110–121.
  • Weetman GF. 1996. Are European silvicultural systems and precedents useful for British Columbia silviculture prescriptions? Canada – British Columbia Forest Resource Development Agreement Rep. 239.
  • Westfall PH, Tobias RD, Wolfinger RD. 1999. Multiple comparisons and multiple tests using the SAS system. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Wurtz TL, Zasada JC. 2001. An alternative to clear-cutting in the boreal forest of Alaska: a 27-year study of regeneration after shelterwood harvesting. Can J For Res. 31:999–1011. doi: 10.1139/x01-014

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.