15
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Changes in growth and allocation of growth in young Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies due to competition

&
Pages 213-222 | Published online: 10 Dec 2008

References

  • Albrektsson , A. and Valinger , E. . Crop physiology of forest trees . Proceedings of an international conference on managing forest trees as cultivated plants . Relations between tree height and diameter, productivity and allocation of growth in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sample tree material , Edited by: Tigerstedt , P. M. A. , Puttonen , P. and Koski , V. pp. 95 – 105 . Helsinki, , Finland : University of Helsinki, Department of Plant Breeding .
  • Boojh , R. and Ramakrishnan , P. S. 1982 . Growth strategy of trees related to successional status. I. Architecture and extension growth . For. Ecol. Manage. , 4 : 359 – 374 .
  • Braastad , H. 1978 . Growth and stability in a spacing experiment with P. abies . Medd. Norsk Inst. f. Skogforsk. , 34 : 169 – 215 . (In Norwegian with English summary)
  • Cannell , M. G. R. , Rothery , P. and Ford , E. D. 1984 . Competition within stands of Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta . Ann. Bot. , 53 : 349 – 362 .
  • Ekö , P‐M. and Agestam , E. 1990 . Kvalitetstall på bördig mark . Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift , 2 : 19 – 27 . (In Swedish)
  • Elfving , B. 1975 . Volume and structure in unthinned stands of Scots pine. Royal College of Forestry. Department of Forest Yield Research . Research Notes , 35 : 1 – 128 . (In Swedish with English summary)
  • Eriksson , L. 1976 . Competition models for individual trees after cleaning , Report No. 99 1 – 76 . The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Operational Efficiency .
  • Ford , E. D. 1982 . High productivity in a polestage Sitka spruce stand and its relation to canopy structure . Forestry , 55 : 1 – 17 .
  • Gemmel , P. 1984 . Beskrivning av 6 hjälpplanteringsförsök. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Silviculture . Arbetsrapporter. , 4 : 1 – 8 . (In Swedish)
  • Gemmel , P. 1988 . Beeting Picea. abies (L.) Karst . Scand. J. For Res. , 3 : 201 – 212 .
  • Gemmel , P. and Nilsson , U. 1990 . Competition between originally planted and beeted seedlings in stands of Norway spruce and Scots pine , Reports. 27 1 – 32 . Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Silviculture .
  • Handler , M. and Jakobsen , B. 1986 . Recent Danish spacing experiments with Norway spruce. Det forstlige fors⊘gsvaesen i Danmark . Rapports. Bind XXXX , 4 : 443 – 456 . (In Danish with English Summary.)
  • Hägglund , B. and Lundmark , J‐E. 1977 . Site index estimation by means of site properties. Scots pine and Norway spruce in Sweden . Stud. For. Suec. , 138 : 1 – 33 .
  • Hamilton , G. J. and Christie , J. M. 1974 . Influence of spacing on crop characteristics and yield (U.K.) . Forestry Commission Bulletin , 52 : 1 – 45 .
  • Harper , J. L. 1977 . Population biology of plants , 892 London : Academic Press .
  • Jack , S. B. and Long , J. N. 1991a . Response of leaf area index to density for two contrasting tree species . Can. J. For. Res. , 21 : 1760 – 1764 .
  • Jack , S. B. and Long , J. N. 1991b . Analysis of stand density effects on canopy structure: a conceptual approach . Trees , 5 : 44 – 49 .
  • Johnstone , W. D. and Pollack , J. C. 1990 . The influence of espacement on the growth and development of a lodgepole pine plantation . Can. J. For. Res. , 20 : 1631 – 1639 .
  • Küppers , M. 1985 . Carbon relations and competition between woody species in a Central European hedgerow. IV. Growth form and partitioning . Oecologia (Berlin) , 66 : 343 – 352 .
  • Lanner , R. M. 1985 . On the insensitivity of height growth to spacing . For. Ecol. Manage. , 13 : 143 – 148 .
  • Leverenz , J. W. and Hinckley , T. M. 1990 . Shoot structure, leaf area index and productivity of evergreen conifer stands . Tree Physiol. , 6 : 135 – 149 .
  • Persson , A. 1977 . Quality development in young spacing trials with Scots pine. Royal College of Forestry . Research Notes , 45 : 1 – 152 .
  • Satoo , T. and Madgwick , H.A.I. 1982 . Forest biomass , Forestry Sciences 152 The Hague, Boston, London : Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk publishers .
  • Waring , R. H. 1987 . Characteristics of trees predisposed to die . BioScience. , 37 : 569 – 574 .
  • Weiler , D. E. 1987 . Self‐thinning exponent correlated with allometric measures of plant geometry . Ecology , 68 : 813 – 821 .
  • Werwijst , T. 1989 . Self‐thinning in even‐aged natural stands of Betula pubescens . Oikos , 56 : 246 – 268 .
  • Westoby , M. 1984 . The self‐thinning rule . Adv. in Ecol. Res. , 14 : 167 – 225 .
  • Väisänen , H. , Kellomäki , S. , Oker‐Blom , P. and Valtonen , E. 1989 . Structural development of Pinus sylvestris stands with varying initial density: a preliminary model for quality of sawn timber as affected by silvicultural measures . Scand. J. For. Res. , 4 : 223 – 238 .
  • Väliaho , H. 1971 . The effect of competition on the structure of seedling stands . Commum. Inst. For. Fenn. , 74 : 1 – 22 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.