161
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Conversion Factors between Energy Imparted to the Patient and Air Collision Kerma Integrated Over Beam Area in Pediatric Radiology

&
Pages 92-98 | Accepted 15 May 1992, Published online: 04 Jan 2010

References

  • Alm Carlsson G., Carlsson C. A. Relations between effective dose equivalent and mean absorbed dose (energy imparted) to patients in diagnostic radiology. Phys. Med. Biol. 1986; 31: 911
  • Alm Carlsson G., Carlsson C. A., Persliden J. Energy imparted to the patient in diagnostic radiology; calculation of conversion factors for determining the energy imparted from measurements of the air collision kerma integrated over beam area. Phys. Med. Biol. 1984; 29: 1329
  • Berger M., Hubbell J. H. XCOM; photon cross sections on a personal computer. National Bureau of Standards. Gaithersburg, MD 1987, Internal Report NBSIR 87–3597
  • Birch R., Marshall M., Adran G. M. Catalogue of spectral data for diagnostic X-rays. Scientific Report Series 30, Health Physics Association, London 1979
  • Carlsson C. Integral absorbed doses in roentgen diagnostic procedures. I. The dosemeter. Acta Radiol. Ther. Phys. Biol. 1965; 3: 310
  • Chen C. S., Doi K., Vyborny C., Chan H.-P., Holje G. Monte Carlo simulation studies of detectors used in the measurements of diagnostic X-ray spectra. Med. Phys. 1980; 7: 627
  • Cristy M., Eckerman K. F. Specific absorbed fractions of energy at various ages from internal photon sources. I. Methods. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 1987, Report ORNL/TM-8381/V17
  • Dance D. R. The Monte Carlo calculation of integral radiation dose in xeromammography. Phys. Med. Biol. 1980; 30: 25
  • Data for use in protection against external radiation. Annals of the ICRP. ICRP publication 51, Pergamon Press. 1987
  • Fendel H., Schneider K., Kohn M. M., Bakowski C. Specific principles for optimization of image quality and patient exposure in paediatric diagnostic imaging, B. M. Moores, et al. The British Institute of Radiology, London 1989; 91, BIR Report 20
  • Hallén S., Martling K., Mattsson S. Radiation dose to children at X-ray examinations of scoliosis. Malmö General Hospital, Lund University 1990, Report MA-RADFYS 90:06
  • Hubbell J. H. Photon mass attenuation and energy-absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV. Int. J. Appl. Rad. Isotopes 1982; 33: 1269
  • Hubbell J. H., Överbö I. Relativistic atomic form factors and photon coherent scattering cross sections. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1979; 8: 69
  • Hubbell J. H., Veigele W. J., Briggs E. A., Brown R. T., Cromer D. T., Howerton R. J. Atomic form factors, incoherent scattering functions, and photon scattering cross sections. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1975; 4: 471
  • Report of the task group on reference man. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1974, ICRP Report 23
  • Jones D. G., Wall B. F. Organ doses from medical X-ray examinations calculated using Monte Carlo techniques. National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton Didcot, Oxon 1986, Report NRPB-R186
  • Kalender W. Monte Carlo calculations of X-ray scatter data for diagnostic radiology. Phys. Med. Biol. 1981; 26: 835
  • Karlberg P., Engström I., Klackenberg G., et al. The development of children in a Swedish urban community. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1969, Suppl. 187: 48
  • Kusoffsky L., Carlsson C. A., Edholm P. Attenuation equalizing filter in diagnostic radiography. Acta Radiol. Ther. Phys. Biol. 1976; 15: 259
  • Persliden J. A Monte Carlo program for photon transport using analogue sampling of scattering angle in coherent and incoherent scattering processes. Comput. Progr. Biomed. 1983; 17: 115
  • Persliden J. Application of the Monte Carlo method to diagnostic radiology. Linköping University Medical Dissertations 220, Linköping 1986
  • Radiation quantities, and units. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), Washington, DC 1980, Report 33
  • Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publ. 60, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1990
  • Reiss K. A., Steinle B. Tabellen zur Röntgendiagnostik, Teil II. Siemens, Erlangen 1973
  • Rosenstein M., Beck T. J., Warner G. G. Handbook of selected organ doses for projections common in paediatric radiology. Federal Food & Drug Administration, US Department of Health, Education & Welfare, Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 1979, HEW 79–8079
  • Sandborg M., Personal communication
  • Shrimpton P. C., Wall B. F. An evaluation of the Diamentor transmission ionisation chamber in indicating exposure-area product (Rcm2) during diagnostic radiological examinations. Phys. Med. Biol. 1982; 27: 871
  • Shrimpton P. C., Wall B. F., Jones D. G., Fisher E. S. The measurement of energy imparted to patients during diagnostic X-ray examinations using the Diamentor exposure-area product meter. Phys. Med. Biol. 1984; 29: 1199
  • Storm E., Israel H. I. Photon cross-sections from 1 keV to 100 MeV for elements Z= 1 to Z= 100. Nuclear Data Tables 1970; 7: 565
  • Veit R., Zankl M., Petoussi N., Mannweiler E., Williams G., Drexler G. Tomographic anthropomorphic models, part 1. Construction techniques and description of models of an 8 week old baby and a 7 year old child. Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung, Neuherberg 1989, GSF-Bericht 3/89
  • Zankl M., Petoussi N., Veit R., Drexler G., Fendel H. Organ doses for a child in diagnostic radiology. Comparison of a realistic and a MIRD-type phantom, B. M. Moores, et al. The British Institute of Radiology, London 1989; 196, BIR Report 20

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.