References
- Harisiadis L, Chang CH. Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1977; 2: 833–41
- Packer RJ, Sutton LN, Elterman R, Lange B, Goldwein J, Nicholson HS, et al. Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin, CCNU, and vincristine chemotherapy. J Neurosurg 1994; 81: 690–8
- Taylor RE, Bailey CC, Robinson K, Weston CL, Ellison D, Ironside J, et al. Results of a randomized study of preradiation chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for nonmetastatic medulloblastoma: The International Society of Paediatric Oncology/United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group PNET-3 Study. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 1581–91
- Gold DG, Neglia JP, Dusenbery KE. Second neoplasms after megavoltage radiation for pediatric tumours. Cancer 2003; 97: 2588–96
- Oeffinger KC, Hudson MM. Long-term complications following childhood and adolescent cancer: foundations for providing risk-based health care for survivors. CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54: 208–36
- Huang E, Teh BS, Strother DR, Davis QG, Chiu JK, Lu HH, et al. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for pediatric medulloblastoma: early report on the reduction of ototoxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 52: 599–605
- St Clair WH, Adams JA, Bues M, Fullerton BC, La Shell S, Kooy HM, et al. Advantage of protons compared to conventional X-ray or IMRT in the treatment of a pediatric patient with medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58: 727–34
- Carlos, AP, Edward, HC. Principles and practice of radiation oncology. 4th ed.,. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Corp.; 2004. p, 2224–9.
- Paulino AC. Hypothyroidism in children with medulloblastoma: a comparison of 3600 and 2340 cGy craniospinal radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 53: 543–7
- Jakacki RI, Feldman H, Jamison C, Boaz JC, Luerssen TG, Timmerman R. A pilot study of preirradiation chemotherapy and 1800 cGy craniospinal irradiation in young children with medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60: 531–6
- Glatstein E. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy: the inverse, the converse, and the perverse. Semin Radiat Oncol 2002; 12: 272–81
- Hall EJ, Wuu CS. Radiation-induced second cancers: the impact of 3D-CRT and IMRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 56: 83–8
- Maor MH, Fields RS, Hogstrom KR, van Eys J. Improving the therapeutic ratio of craniospinal irradiation in medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985; 11: 687–97
- Gaspar LE, Dawson DJ, Tilley-Gulliford SA, Banerjee P. Medulloblastoma: long-term follow-up of patients treated with electron irradiation of the spinal field. Radiology 1991; 180: 867–70
- Goldwein JW, Radcliffe J, Johnson J, Moshang T, Packer RJ, Sutton LN, et al. Updated results of a pilot study of low dose craniospinal irradiation plus chemotherapy for children under five with cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumours (medulloblastoma). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996; 34: 899–904
- Miralbell R, Lomax A, Russo M. Potential role of proton therapy in the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma/primitive neuro-ectodermal tumours: spinal theca irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 38: 805–11
- Endicott TJ, Fisher BJ, Wong E, Paterson NA, Gaspar LE, Bauman M. Pulmonary sequelae after electron spinal irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2001; 60: 267–72
- Ma CM, Pawlicki T, Lee MC, et al. Energy- and intensity-modulated electron beams for radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2000; 45: 2293–311
- Mu X, Olofsson L, Karlsson M, Sjögren R, Zackrisson B. Can photon IMRT be improved by combination with mixed electron and photon techniques?. Acta Oncol 2004; 43: 727–35
- Olofsson L, Mu X, Nill S, Oelfke U, Zackrisson B, Karlsson M. Intensity modulated radiation therapy with electrons using algorithm based energy/range selection methods. Radiother Oncol 2004; 73: 223–31
- Karlsson M, Nyström H, Svensson H. Electron beam characteristics of the 50-MeV racetrack microtron. Med Phys 1992; 19: 307–15
- Karlsson MG, Karlsson M, Ma CM. Treatment head design for multileaf collimated high-energy electrons. Med Phys 1999; 26: 2161–7
- Suit H, Goldberg S, Niemierko A, Trofimov A, Adams J, Paganetti H, et al. Proton beams to replace photon beams in radical dose treatments. Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 800–8
- Miralbell R, Lomax A, Cella L, Schneider U. Potential reduction of the incidence of radiation-induced second cancers by using proton beams in the treatment of pediatric tumours. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 54: 824–9
- Carrie C, Hoffstetter S, Gomez F, Moncho V, Doz F, Alapetite C, et al. Impact of targeting deviations on outcome in medulloblastoma: study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 45: 435–9
- Coles CE, Hoole AC, Harden SV, Burnet NG, Twyman N, Taylor RE, et al. Quantitative assessment of inter-clinician variability of target volume delineation for medulloblastoma: quality assurance for the SIOP PNET 4 trial protocol. Radiother Oncol 2003; 69: 189–94
- ICRU. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Prescribing, recording, and reporting photon beam therapy. ICRU Report 50. 1993.
- Nill S, Bortfeld T, Oelfke U. Inverse planning of intensity modulated proton therapy. Z Med Phys 2004; 14: 35–40
- Källman P, Ågren A, Brahme A. Tumour and normal tissue responses to fractionated non-uniform dose delivery. Int J Radiat Biol 1992; 62: 249–62
- Lyman JT. Complication probability as assessed from dose-volume histograms. Radiat Res Suppl 1985; 8: S13–9
- Kutcher GJ, Burman C. Calculation of complication probability factors for non-uniform normal tissue irradiation: the effective volume method. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989; 16: 1623–30
- Burman C, Kutcher GJ, Emami B, Goitein M. Fitting of normal tissue tolerance data to an analytic function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 21: 123–35
- Sanchez-Nieto B, Nahum AE. BIOPLAN: software for the biological evaluation of. Radiotherapy treatment plans. Med Dosim 2000; 25: 71–6
- Gagliardi, G. Modeling heart and lung complication data in radiation therapy of the breast. Ph D Thesis; Stockholm University: 1998. p. 63–71.
- Dawson LA, Normolle D, Balter JM, McGinn CJ, Lawrence TS, Ten Haken RK. Analysis of radiation-induced liver disease using the Lyman NTCP model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 53: 810–21
- Gagliardi G, Lax I, Ottolenghi A, Rutqvist LE. Long-term cardiac mortality after radiotherapy of breast cancer–application of the relative seriality model. Br J Radiol 1996; 69: 839–46
- Mavroidis P, Laurell G, Kraepelien T, Fernberg JO, Lind BK, Brahme A. Determination and clinical verification of dose-response parameters for esophageal stricture from head and neck radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 865–81
- Wheldon TE, Deehan C, Wheldon EG, Barrett A. The linear-quadratic transformation of dose-volume histograms in fractionated radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 1998; 46: 285–95
- Steel, GG. Basic clinical radiobiology. 3rd ed. London: Arnold; 2002.
- ICRP (1990). Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP. Publication 60. Ann ICRP 1990;21(1–3).
- ICRP (2003). Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP. Publication 92. Ann ICRP 2003;33(4).
- Schneider U, Agosteo S, Pedroni E, Besserer J. Secondary neutron dose during proton therapy using spot scanning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 53: 244–51
- Neglia JP, Friedman DL, Yasui Y, Mertens AC, Hammond S, Stovall M, et al. Second malignant neoplasms in five-year survivors of childhood cancer: childhood cancer survivor study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 618–29
- Garwicz S, Anderson H, Olsen JH, Dollner H, Hertz H, Jonmundsson G, et al. Second malignant neoplasms after cancer in childhood and adolescence: a population-based case-control study in the 5 Nordic countries. The Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. The Association of the Nordic Cancer Registries. Int J Cancer 2000; 88: 672–8
- Eifel PJ, Donaldson SS, Thomas PR. Response of growing bone to irradiation: a proposed late effects scoring system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 31: 1301–7
- Neuhauser EB, Wittenborg MH, Berman CZ, Cohen J. Irradiation effects of roentgen therapy on the growing spine. Radiology 1952; 59: 637–50
- Bloom HJ, Wallace EN, Henk JM. The treatment and prognosis of medulloblastoma in children. A study of 82 verified cases. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1969; 105: 43–62
- Goldstein AM, Yuen J, Tucker MA. Second cancers after medulloblastoma: population-based results from the United States and Sweden. Cancer Causes Control 1997; 8: 865–71