Association between menopausal hormone therapy use and mortality risk: a Swedish population-based matched cohort study

References

• Politi MC, Schleinitz MD, Col NF. Revisiting the duration of vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(9):1507–1513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindh-Åstrand L, Hoffmann M, Hammar M, et al. Hot flushes, hormone therapy and alternative treatments: 30 years of experience from Sweden. Climacteric. 2015;18(1):53–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Järvstråt L, Spetz Holm AC, Lindh-Åstrand L, et al. Use of hormone therapy in Swedish women aged 80 years or older. Menopause. 2015;22(3):275–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA. 2004;291(1):47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the women's health initiative randomized trials. JAMA. 2013;310(13):1353–1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanaya AM, Herrington D, Vittinghoff E, et al. Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ. 2020;371:m3873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson JR, Lacey JV, Jr., Lazovich D, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(1):196–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ. 2019;364:k4810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green J, Czanner G, Reeves G, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: nested case-control study within a prospective cohort, and Meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2012;130(10):2387–2396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greiser CM, Greiser EM, Dören M. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11(6):561–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beral V, Gaitskell K, Hermon C, et al. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies. Lancet. 2015;385(9980):1835–1842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagergren K, Lagergren J, Brusselaers N. Hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(9):2183–2190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkola TS, Tuomikoski P, Lyytinen H, et al. Estradiol-based postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Menopause. 2015;22(9):976–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simin J, Tamimi R, Lagergren J, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and cancer risk: an overestimated risk? Eur J Cancer. 2017;84:60–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomikoski P, Mikkola TS. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease in early postmenopausal women. Ann Med. 2014;46(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nudy M, Chinchilli VM, Foy AJ. A systematic review and Meta-regression analysis to examine the 'timing hypothesis' of hormone replacement therapy on mortality, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2019;22:123–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudhune GH, Armour M, McBride KA. Safety of menopausal hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors older than fifty at diagnosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Breast. 2019;47:43–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Greyber E, et al. Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(7):791–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek AM, Vladutiu CJ, Meyer ML, et al. The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status. Prev Med Rep. 2019;15:100955.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holm M, Olsen A, Au Yeung SL, et al. Pattern of mortality after menopausal hormone therapy: long-term follow up in a population-based cohort. BJOG. 2019;126(1):55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women: US preventive services task force recommendation Statement. Jama. 2017;318(22):2224–2233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SFfOo G, Endokrinologi A-O. Preliminär SFOG-råd för menopausal hormonbehandling 2019, bakgrundsdokument. SFOG-Råd För Menopausal Hormonbehandling. 2019;37.
   Google Scholar
• Gynekologi SFfOo, endokrinologi A-orf. Preliminära SFOG-råd för menopausal hormonbehandling 2019. 2019. [cited 2020 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.sfog.se/media/336474/mht-sfog-raad-preliminar-hemsida.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Brusselaers N, Tamimi RM, Konings P, et al. Different menopausal hormone regimens and risk of breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(8):1771–1776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brusselaers N, Maret-Ouda J, Konings P, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer. Int J Cancer. 2017;140(7):1693–1699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S. Debelius Fall Sadr-Azodi Engstrand Williams, Brusselaers Different menopausal hormone therapies and risk of colorectal cancer: a Swedish matched-cohort study. Under review 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Kilander C, Lagergren J, Konings P, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and biliary tract cancer: a population-based matched cohort study in Sweden. Acta Oncol. 2019;58(3):290–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadr-Azodi O, Konings P, Brusselaers N. Menopausal hormone therapy and pancreatic cancer risk in women: a population-based matched cohort study. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017;5(8):1123–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simin J, Rulla MT, Callens S, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy treatment options and ovarian cancer risk: a Swedish prospective population-based matched-cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(1):33–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simin J, Liu Q, Wang X, et al. Prediagnostic use of oestrogen-only therapy is associated with improved colorectal cancer survival in menopausal women: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Acta Oncologica. 2021;60(7):881–887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wettermark B, Hammar N, Fored CM, et al. The new swedish prescribed drug register–opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(7):726–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, et al. The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(11):659–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, et al. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause M, Wheeler TL, 2nd, Richter HE, et al. Systemic effects of vaginally administered estrogen therapy: a review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2010;16(3):188–195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Socialstyrelsen. Statistik om dödsorsaker. In: Socialstyrelsen, editor. Hälso- och sjukvård, publiceringsår. Sweden: Socialstyrelsen; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (ST ROBE): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):e297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow L, Westergren K, Holmberg L, et al. The completeness of the Swedish cancer register: a sample survey for year 1998. Acta Oncol. 2009;48(1):27–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji JG, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Use of hormone replacement therapy improves the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer: a population-based study in Sweden. Int J Cancer. 2018;142(10):2003–2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindh I, Skjeldestad FE, Gemzell-Danielsson K, et al. Contraceptive use in the Nordic countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(1):19–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence. Lancet. 2019;394(10204):1159–1168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simin J, Tamimi RM, Callens S, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy treatment options and ovarian cancer risk: a Swedish prospective population-based matched-cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(1):33–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falconer H, Yin L, Grönberg H, et al. Ovarian cancer risk after salpingectomy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107(2):dju410–dju410.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the women's health initiative randomized trials. Jama. 2017;318(10):927–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbroucke JP. The HRT controversy: observational studies and RCTs fall in line. Lancet. 2009;373(9671):1233–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, et al. Estrogen-mediated protection against coronary heart disease: the role of the notch pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;189:87–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randolph JF Jr, Sowers M, Bondarenko I, et al. The relationship of longitudinal change in reproductive hormones and vasomotor symptoms during the menopausal transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(11):6106–6112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar