Prospective evaluation of bowel function and quality of life after colon cancer surgery – is it time for routine screening for late sequelae?

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORDCAN. 2022. [cited 2021 Sep 15]. https://nordcan.iarc.fr/en/dataviz/trends?mode=cancer&group_populations=1&multiple_cancers=1&sexes=1_2&cancers=520&types=0_1.
   Google Scholar
• Araghi M, Arnold M, Rutherford MJ, et al. Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010-2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project). Gut. 2021;70(1):114–126. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers AC, Dixon SW, White P, et al. Demographic trends in the incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Br J Surg. 2020;107(5):595–605. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuik FE, Nieuwenburg SA, Bardou M, et al. Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults in Europe over the last 25 years. Gut. 2019;68(10):1820–1826. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad El Din K, Loree JM, Sayre EC, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of young-onset colorectal cancer: a worldwide systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2020;20(1):288. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-06766-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelsen CA, Neuenschwander AU, Jansen JE, et al. 5-Year outcome after complete mesocolic excision for right-sided Colon cancer: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(11):1556–1565. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30485-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berg I, Coebergh van den Braak RRJ, van Vugt JLA, et al. Actual survival after resection of primary colorectal cancer: results from a prospective multicenter study. World J Surg Oncol. 2021;19(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12957-021-02207-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juul T, Ahlberg M, Biondo S, et al. Low anterior resection syndrome and quality of life: an international multicenter study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(5):585–591. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feddern ML, Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S. Quality of life with or without sphincter preservation for rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2019;21(9):1051–1057. doi: 10.1111/codi.14684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feddern M-L, Jensen TS, Laurberg S. Chronic pain in the pelvic area or lower extremities after rectal cancer treatment and its impact on quality of life: a population-based cross-sectional study. Pain. 2015;156(9):1765–1771. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bregendahl S, Emmertsen KJ, Lindegaard JC, et al. Urinary and sexual dysfunction in women after resection with and without preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a population-based cross-sectional study. Colorectal Dis. 2015;17(1):26–37. doi: 10.1111/codi.12758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun R, Dai Z, Zhang Y, et al. The incidence and risk factors of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after sphincter-preserving surgery of rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(12):7249–7258. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06326-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thyo A, Laurberg S, Emmertsen KJ. Impact of bowel and stoma dysfunction on female sexuality after treatment for rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2020;22(8):894–905. doi: 10.1111/codi.14987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappou EP, Temple LK, Patil S, et al. Quality of life and function after rectal cancer surgery with and without sphincter preservation. Front Oncol. 2022;12:944843. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuijl SJ, Jonker JE, Trzpis M, et al. Functional outcomes of surgery for Colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2021;47(5):960–969. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.11.136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elfeki H, Larsen HM, Emmertsen KJ, et al. Bowel dysfunction after sigmoid resection for cancer and its impact on quality of life. Br J Surg. 2019;106(6):805. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen HM, Elfeki H, Emmertsen KJ, et al. Long-term bowel dysfunction after right-sided hemicolectomy for cancer. Acta Oncol. 2020;59(10):1240–1245. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2020.1772502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchli C, Martling A, Sjovall A. Low anterior resection syndrome after right- and left-sided resections for colonic cancer. BJS Open. 2019;3(3):387–394. doi: 10.1002/bjs5.50128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juul T, Brauner AB, Drewes AM, et al. Systematic screening for late sequelae after colorectal cancer-a feasibility study. Colorectal Dis. 2021;23(2):345–355. doi: 10.1111/codi.15519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DCCG. Danish Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG) National annual report 2020. 2022. [cited 2022 Jun 30]. https://dccg.dk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/DCCG-Aarsrapport-2020-publiceret.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• e-Boks.dk. 2022. [cited 2022 Jun 25]. https://www.e-boks.com/danmark/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Ingeholm P, Gogenur I, Iversen LH. Danish colorectal cancer group database. Clin Epidemiol. 2016;8:465–468. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S99481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein MF, Gogenur I, Ingeholm P, et al. Validation of the Danish colorectal cancer group (dccg.dk) database - on behalf of the Danish colorectal cancer group. Colorectal Dis. 2020;22(12):2057–2067. doi: 10.1111/codi.15352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell LJ, Virjee J, Heaton KW. Detection of pseudodiarrhoea by simple clinical assessment of intestinal transit rate. BMJ. 1990;300(6722):439–440. doi: 10.1136/bmj.300.6722.439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake MR, Raker JM, Whelan K. Validity and reliability of the bristol stool form scale in healthy adults and patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;44(7):693–703. Oct doi: 10.1111/apt.13746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank L, Kleinman L, Farup C, et al. Jr. Psychometric validation of a constipation symptom assessment questionnaire. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1999;34(9):870–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yiannakou Y, Tack J, Piessevaux H, et al. The PAC-SYM questionnaire for chronic constipation: defining the minimal important difference. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(11–12):1103–1111. doi: 10.1111/apt.14349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S. Low anterior resection syndrome score: development and validation of a symptom-based scoring system for bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2012;255(5):922–928. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31824f1c21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaizey CJ, Carapeti E, Cahill JA, et al. Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems. Gut. 1999;44(1):77–80. doi: 10.1136/gut.44.1.77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen MB, Jensen CE, Gudex C, et al. Danish population health measured by the EQ-5D-5L. Scand J Public Health. 2023;51(2):241–249. 14034948211058060. doi: 10.1177/14034948211058060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters SJ, Brazier JE. Comparison of the minimally important difference for two health state utility measures: EQ-5D and SF-6D. Qual Life Res. 2005;14(6):1523–1532. doi: 10.1007/s11136-004-7713-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickard AS, Neary MP, Cella D. Estimation of minimally important differences in EQ-5D utility and VAS scores in cancer. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:70. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen HM, Krogh K, Borre M, et al. Chronic loose stools following right-sided hemicolectomy for Colon cancer and the association with bile acid malabsorption and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Colorectal Dis. 2023;25(4):600–607. doi: 10.1111/codi.16409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese C, Wells CI, O'Grady G, et al. The longitudinal course of low-anterior resection syndrome: an individual patient meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2022;276(1):46–54. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen BS, Sorensen GK, Majgaard M, et al. Coping strategies and considerations regarding low anterior resection syndrome and quality of life among patients with rectal cancer; a qualitative interview study. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1040462. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1040462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope C, Reilly J, Lund J, et al. Systematic review: the effect of right hemicolectomy for cancer on postoperative bowel function. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(10):4549–4559. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05519-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vonk-Klaassen SM, de Vocht HM, den Ouden ME, et al. Ostomy-related problems and their impact on quality of life of colorectal cancer ostomates: a systematic review. Qual Life Res. 2016;25(1):125–133. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-1050-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krogsgaard M, Kristensen HO, Furnee EJB, et al. Life with a stoma across five european countries-a cross-sectional study on long-term rectal cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(11):8969–8979. doi: 10.1007/s00520-022-07293-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen HO, Thyo A, Emmertsen KJ, et al. Surviving rectal cancer at the cost of a colostomy: global survey of long-term health-related quality of life in 10 countries. BJS Open. 2022;6(6):zrac085. doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrac085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawday S, Flamey N, Fowler GE, et al. Quality of life in restorative versus non-restorative resections for rectal cancer: systematic review. BJS Open. 2021;5(6):zrab101. doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieniowski EHA, Nordenvall C, Palmer G, et al. Prevalence of low anterior resection syndrome and impact on quality of life after rectal cancer surgery: population-based study. BJS Open. 2020;4(5):935–942. doi: 10.1002/bjs5.50312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieniowski EHA, Palmer GJ, Juul T, et al. Low anterior resection syndrome and quality of life after Sphincter-Sparing rectal cancer surgery: a long-term longitudinal follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(1):14–20. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen P, Laurberg S, Andersen NT, et al. Differences in work participation between incident Colon and rectal cancer patients-a 10-year follow-up study with matched controls. J Cancer Surviv. 2022;16(1):73–85. doi: 10.1007/s11764-021-01005-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juul T, Laurberg S, Andersen NT, et al. Labor market attachment 2 years after colorectal cancer Surgery - A population-based study. Annals of Surgery Open. 2022;3(1)(1):e134. doi: 10.1097/AS9.0000000000000134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larsen HM, Borre M, Christensen P, et al. Clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic bowel symptoms following cancer in the Colon and pelvic organs. Acta Oncol. 2019;58(5):776–781. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2018.1562211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson A, Lalji A, Kabir M, et al. The efficacy of a low-fat diet to manage the symptoms of bile acid malabsorption - outcomes in patients previously treated for cancer. Clin Med. 2017;17(5):412–418. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-5-412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurberg S, Juul T, Christensen P, et al. Time for a paradigm shift in the follow-up of colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2021;23(2):341–344. doi: 10.1111/codi.15401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yde J, Larsen HM, Laurberg S, et al. Chronic diarrhoea following surgery for Colon cancer-frequency, causes and treatment options. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018;33(6):683–694. doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-2993-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas S, Mikkelsen AH, Kronborg CJS, et al. Management of treatment-related sequelae following colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2023;25(3):458–488. doi: 10.1111/codi.16299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar