References
- Aars, J., 2012. Demokrati som policy. Kommunale tiltak for økt politisk deltakelse. Tidsskrift for Samfunnsforskning, 53 (4), 385–404.
- Askim, J., 2004. Performance management and organizational intelligence: adapting the balanced scorecard in Larvik municipality. International Public Management Journal, 7 (3), 415–438.
- Askim, J., 2007. How do politicians use performance information? An analysis of the Norwegian local government experience. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 73 (3), 453–472. doi:10.1177/0020852307081152
- Askim, J., Johnsen, Å., and Christophersen, K.-A., 2008. Factors behind organizational learning from benchmarking: experiences from Norwegian Municipal Benchmarking Networks. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18 (2), 297–320. doi:10.1093/jopart/mum012
- Aucoin, P., 2011. The political-administrative design of NPM. In: T. Christensen and P. Lægreid, eds. The Asgate research companion to New Public Management. Farnham: Ashgate, 33–46.
- Baldersheim, H., 2003. Local government reforms in the Nordic countries. Bringing politics back in? In: N. Kersting and A. Vetter, eds. Reforming local government in Europe: closing the gap between efficiency and democracy. Opladen: Leske and Budrich, 29–38.
- Borge, L.-E., Falch, T., and Tovmo, P., 2008. Public sector efficiency: the roles of political and budgetary institutions, fiscal capacity, and democratic participation. Public Choice, 136 (3–4), 475–495. doi:10.1007/s11127-008-9309-7
- Borge, L.-E. and Sunnevåg, K.J., 2006. Effektivitet og effektivitetsutvikling i kommunesektoren. Bergen: Sluttrapport Trondheim.
- Boston, J., 2011. Basic NPM ideas and their development. In: T. Christensen and P. Lægreid, eds. The Asgate research companion to New Public Management. Farnham: Ashgate, 17–32.
- Bouckaert, G. and Van De Walle, S., 2003. Comparing measures of citizen trust and user satisfaction as indicators of ‘good governance’: difficulties in linking trust and satisfaction indicators. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 69 (3), 329–343.
- Bouckaert, G., Van De Walle, S., and Kampen, J.K., 2005. Potential for comparative public opinion research in public administration. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 71 (2), 229–240. doi:10.1177/0020852305053882
- Bukve, O. and Offerdal, A., eds., 2002. Den nye kommunen. Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget.
- Caulfield, J. and Larsen, H.O., eds., 2002. Local government at the millenium. Opladen: Leske & Budrich.
- Christensen, T. and Lægreid, P., 2003. Trust in government – the significance of attitudes towards democracy, the public sector and public sector reforms. Bergen: Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies.
- Christensen, T. and Lægreid, P., 2005. Trust in government: the relative importance of service satisfaction, political factors, and demography. Public Performance and Management Review, 28 (4), 487–511.
- Christensen, T. and Lægreid, P., eds., 2011. The Ashgate research companion to New Public Management. Farnham: Ashgate.
- Denters, B., 2002. Size and political trust: evidence from Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 20 (6), 793–812. doi:10.1068/c0225
- Denters, B. and Rose, L.E., 2005. Comparing local governance: trends and developments. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Difi, 2010. Innbyggerundersøkelsen Del 2. DIFI-rapport. Oslo: Direktoratet for forvaltning og IKT. Available from: http://www.difi.no/filearchive/difi-rapport-2010-14-innbyggerundersokelsen-del-2.pdf
- Dimaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W., 1991. The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press.
- Dollery, B.E., Garcea, J., and Lesage, E.C.J., eds., 2008. Local government reform. A comparative study of advanced Anglo-American countries. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
- Gilley, B., 2006. The meaning and measure of state legitimacy: results for 72 countries. European Journal of Political Research, 45 (3), 499–525. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00307.x
- Goldsmith, M. and Rose, L., 2002. Size and democracy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 20 (6), 791–792. doi:10.1068/c2006ed
- Gravdahl, H.P. and Hagen, T.P., 1997. Kommunale organisasjonsformer – 1996. NIBR-notat. Oslo: Norsk institutt for by- og regionforskning.
- Gustafsson, K., 2012. Hva forklarer variasjon i utbredelsen av New Public Management? Et kvantitativt studie av norske kommuners reformaktivitet. Master thesis in political science. NTNU.
- Hawdon, J., 2008. Legitimacy, trust, social capital, and policing styles: a theoretical statement. Police Quarterly, 11 (2), 182–201. doi:10.1177/1098611107311852
- Hovik, S. and Stigen, I.M., 2004. Kommmunal organisering 2004. Redegjørelse for Kommunal- og regionaldepartementets organisasjonsdatabase. NIBR-notat. Oslo.
- Hovik, S. and Stigen, I.M., 2008. Kommmunal organisering 2008. Redegjørelse for Kommunal- og regionaldepartementets organisasjonsdatabase. NIBR-notat. Oslo.
- Hovik, S. and Stigen, I.M., 2012. Does institutional modernization matter? A study of the effects of municipal reorganization on fiscal performance and service. EPGA annual conference study group V: regional and local goverment, 5–8 September, Bergen.
- Jacobsen, D.I., 2005. Sand in the machinery? Comparing bureaucrats’ and politicians’ attitudes toward public sector reform. European Journal of Political Research, 44 (6), 767–799. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00247.x
- Jacobsen, D.I., 2012. Local authority bureaucracies: responsible, representative, or divergent? Evidence from small political systems in Norway. Public Administration, 90 (4), 1067–1087. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2012.02042.x
- Johnsen, Å., 2005. What does 25 years of experience tell us about the state of performance measurement in public policy and management? Public Money & Management, 25 (1), 9–17.
- Kersting, N. and Vetter, A., eds., 2003. Reforming local government in Europe: closing the gap between efficiency and democracy. Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
- Kjellberg, F., 1995. The changing values of local government. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 540 (1), 40–50. doi:10.1177/0002716295540000004
- KRD, 2009. Utgiftskorrigerte frie inntekter [Local government revenue adjusted for spending needs] [Online]. KRD [Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development]. Available from: http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/krd/tema/kommuneokonomi/inntektssystemet-/utgiftskorrigerte-frie-inntekter.html?id=547765 [Accessed 20 October 2012].
- KRD, 2010. Rapport fra det tekniske beregningsutvalg for kommunal og fylkeskommunal økonomi [Report from the Norwegian Advisory Commission on Local Government Finances]. Oslo: Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet.
- Kuhlmann, S. and Wollmann, H., 2011. The evaluation of institutional reforms at sub-national government levels: a still neglected research agenda. Local Government Studies, 37 (5), 479–494. doi:10.1080/03003930.2011.604542
- Levi, M., Sacks, A., and Tyler, T., 2009. Conceptualizing legitimacy, measuring legitimating beliefs. American Behavioral Scientist, 53 (3), 354–375. doi:10.1177/0002764209338797
- Monkerud, L.C., Saglie, J., and Vabo, S.I., 2009. Representantroller i et reformert lokaldemokrati. In: J. Saglie, ed. Det nære demokratiet – lokalvalg og lokal deltakelse. Oslo: Abstrakt forlag AS.
- Monkerud, L.C. and Sørensen, R.J., 2010. Smått og godt? Kommunestørrelse, ressurser og tilfredshet med det kommunale tjenestetilbudet. Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 26 (4), 265–295.
- Norris, P., 2011. Democratic deficit: critical citizens revisited. Cambridge University Press.
- Øgård, M., 2002. Forvaltningsinnovasjon i de nordiske regionene/kommunene: i felles takt mot New Public Management? Thesis (PhD). Institutt for statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo.
- Østerud, Ø., Engelstad, F., and Selle, P., 2003. Makten og demokratiet. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk.
- Peters, B.G., 2011. Responses to NPM: from input democracy to output democracy. In: T. Christensen and P. Lægreid, eds. The Asgate research companion to New Public Management. Farnham: Ashgate, 361–373.
- Pollitt, C. and Bouckaert, G., 2011. Public management reform. A comparative analysis: New Public Management, governance and the Neo-Weberian state. Oxford University Press.
- Rose, L.E. and Pettersen, P.A., 2009. Lokaldemokratiets omdømme: Hvordan står det til? In: J. Saglie, ed. Det nære demokratiet – lokalvalg og lokal deltakelse. Oslo: Abstrakt forlag AS.
- Rosenberg Hansen, J., Mols, N.P., and Villadsen, A.R., 2011. Internal or external production and satisfaction with the chosen sourcing in Danish municipalities: different theoretical explanations. Local Government Studies, 37 (6), 621–646. doi:10.1080/03003930.2011.623001
- Rothstein, B., 2009. Creating political legitimacy: electoral democracy versus quality of government. American Behavioral Scientist, 53 (3), 311–330. doi:10.1177/0002764209338795
- Sørensen, R.J., 2007. Omstilling og utvikling i norske kommuner: Mye skrik og lite ull? Forskningsrapport no. 3. Oslo: Handelshøyskolen BI.
- Tiili, M., 2007. Strategic political steering: exploring the qualitative change in the role of ministers after NPM reforms. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 73 (1), 81–94. doi:10.1177/0020852307075691
- Torsteinsen, H., 2012. Why does post-bureaucracy lead to more formalisation? Local Government Studies, 38 (3), 321–344. doi:10.1080/03003930.2011.629194
- Twisk, J.W.R., 2006. Applied multilevel analysis. Cambridge University Press.
- Vabo, S.I., 2000. New organisational solutions in norwegian local councils: leaving a puzzling role for local politicians? Scandinavian Political Studies, 23 (4), 343–372. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00041
- Vabo, S.I., 2003. Nye politiske styringsmodeller i norske kommuner hvorfor er ikke særinteressene kommet på «rett spor»? Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 19 (2), 119–144.
- Vabo, S.I. and Stigen, I.M.S., 2000. Kommunal organisering 2000. Redegjørelse for Kommunal- og regionaldepartementets organisasjonsdatabase. NIBR-notat. Oslo.
- Vabo, S.I. and Stigen, I.M., 2003. Moteslaveri, interesser og behov. En analyse av utberedelsen av ‘moderne’ organisasjonsløsninger i norske kommuner. Nordiske organisasjonsstudier, 6 (1), 48–88.
- Van De Walle, S., 2011. NPM: restorting the public trust through creating distrust? In: T. Christensen and P. Lægreid, eds. The Asgate research companion to New Public Management. Farnham: Ashgate, 309–320.
- Van De Walle, S. and Bouckaert, G., 2003. Public service performance and trust in government: the problem of causality. International Journal of Public Administration, 26 (8–9), 891–913.
- Verhoest, K., et al., 2010. Autonomy and control of state agencies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Vetter, A. and Kersting, N., 2003a. Democracy versus efficiency? Comparing local government reforms across Europe. In: N. Kersting and A. Vetter, eds. Reforming local government in Europe: closing the gap between efficiency and democracy. Opladen: Leske and Budrich, 11–28.
- Vetter, A. and Kersting, N., 2003b. Reforming local government. Heading for efficiency and democracy. In: N. Kersting and A. Vetter, eds. Reforming local government in Europe: closing the gap between efficiency and democracy. Opladen: Leske and Budrich, 333–349.
- Wollmann, H., 2004. Local government reforms in Great Britain, Sweden, Germany and France: between multi-function and single-purpose organisations. Local Government Studies, 30 (4), 639–665. doi:10.1080/0300393042000318030
- Wollmann, H., 2012. Local government reforms in (seven) European countries: between convergent and divergent, conflicting and complementary developments. Local Government Studies, 38 (1), 41–70. doi:10.1080/03003930.2011.638710