Stimulating civic behavior? The paradoxes of incentivising self-organization

References

• Alford, J. 2002. “Why Do Public-Sector Clients Coproduce? Toward a Contingency Theory.” Administration & Society 34 (1): 32–56. doi:10.1177/0095399702034001004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alford, J. 2014. “The Multiple Facets of Co-Production: Building on the Work of Elinor Ostrom.” Public Management Review 16 (3): 299–316. doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.806578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, J., B. Denters, M. Oude Vrielink, and J. Klok. 2012. ““Citizens’ Initiatives: How Local Governments Fill Their Facilitative Role.” Local Government Studies 38 (4): 395–414. doi:10.1080/03003930.2012.698240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatter, J., and M. Haverland. 2012. Designing Case Studies: Explanatory Approaches in Small-N Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Boonstra, B., and L. Boelens. 2011. “Self-Organization in Urban Development: Towards a New Perspective on Spatial Planning.” Urban Research & Practice 4 (2): 99–122. doi:10.1080/17535069.2011.579767.
   Google Scholar
• Bowles, S. 1998. “Endogenous Preferences: The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions.” Journal of Economic Literature 36 (1): 75–111. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles, S. 2008. “Policies Designed for Self-Interested Citizens May Undermine” the Moral Sentiments“: Evidence from Economic Experiments.” Science 320 (5883): 1605–1609. doi:10.1126/science.1152110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles, S., and S. Polania-Reyes. 2012. “Economic Incentives and Social Preferences: Substitutes or Complements?” Journal of Economic Literature 50 (2): 368–425. doi:10.1257/jel.50.2.368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles, S. 2016. The Moral Economy: Why Good Incentives are No Substitute for Good Citizens. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brandsen, T., W. Trommel, and B. Verschuere. 2017. “The State and the Reconstruction of Civil Society.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 83 (4): 676–693. doi:10.1177/0020852315592467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas, J. C., J. Stranlund, and C. Willis. 2000. “Local Environmental Control and Institutional Crowding-Out.” World Development 28 (10): 1719–1733. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00055-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas, J. C., and E. Ostrom. 2004. “What Do People Bring into the Game? Experiments in the Field About Cooperation in the Commons.” Agricultural Systems 82 (3): 307–326. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2004.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelenbos, J., I. van Meerkerk, and T. Schenk. 2018. “The Evolution of Community Self-Organization in Interaction with Government Institutions: Cross-Case Insights from Three Countries.” The American Review of Public Administration 48 (1): 52–66. doi:10.1177/0275074016651142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, M. 2009. Civil Society. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Falk, A., E. Fehr, and U. Fischbacher. 2002. “Appropriating the Commons: A Theoretical Explanation.” Working Paper No. 55. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-004373615.
   Google Scholar
• Fischbacher, U., S. Gächter, and E. Fehr. 2001. “Are People Conditionally Cooperative? Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment.” Economics Letters 71 (3): 397–404. doi:10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00394-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey, B. S. 1997. “A Constitution for Knaves Crowds Out Civic Virtues.” The Economic Journal 107 (443): 1043–1053. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.1997.tb00006.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey, B. S., and F. Oberholzer-Gee. 1997. “The Cost of Price Incentives: An Empirical Analysis of Motivation Crowding-Out.” The American Economic Review 87 (4): 746–755. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2951373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey, B. S., and R. Jegen. 2001. “Motivation Crowding Theory.” Journal of Economic Surveys 15 (5): 589–611. doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabrielian, V., K. Yang, and S. Spice. 2007. “Qualitative Research Methods.” In Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, edited by G. J. Miller and K. Yang, 141–168. Londen: CRC press.
   Google Scholar
• Gerring, J. 2006. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
   Google Scholar
• Gneezy, U., and A. Rustichini. 2000. “A Fine is a Price.” The Journal of Legal Studies 29 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1086/468061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healey. 2015. “Citizen-Generated Local Development Initiative: Recent English Experience.” International Journal of Urban Sciences 19 (2): 109–118. doi:10.1080/12265934.2014.989892.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurenkamp, M., E. Tonkens, and J. W. Duyvendak. 2006. Wat burgers bezielt: een onderzoek naar burgerinitiatieven. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam/NICIS Kenniscentrum Grote steden.
   Google Scholar
• Igalla, M., J. Edelenbos, and I. van Meerkerk. 2019. “Citizens in Action, What Do They Accomplish? A Systematic Literature Review of Citizen Initiatives, Their Main Characteristics, Outcomes, and Factors.” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 30 (5): 1176–1194. doi:10.1007/s11266-019-00129-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijkrelaties.2018. “Kamerbrief plan van aanpak voor versterking lokale democratie en bestuur.” https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2018/07/05/kamerbrief-plan-van-aanpak-voor-versterking-lokale-democratie-en-bestuur
   Google Scholar
• Nederhand, J., V. Bekkers, and W. Voorberg. 2016. “Self-Organization and the Role of Government: How and Why Does Self-Organization Evolve in the Shadow of Hierarchy?” Public Management Review 18 (7): 1063–1084. doi:10.1080/14719037.2015.1066417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom, E. 2000. “Crowding Out Citizenship.” Scandinavian Political Studies 23 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom, E. 2005. “Policies That Crowd Out Reciprocity and Collective Action.” In Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life, edited by H. Gintis, S. Bowles, R. T. Boyd, and E. Fehr, 253–275. Cambridge: MIT press.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. 2000a. “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 25 (1): 54–67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. 2000b. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” The American Psychologist 55 (1): 68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streeck, W., and C. Schmitter. 1985. “Community, Market, State-And Associations? the Prospective Contribution of Interest Governance to Social Order.” European Sociological Review 1 (2): 119–138. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036381.
   Google Scholar
• Thomsen, M. K., M. Bækgaard, and U. T. Jensen. 2020. “The Psychological Costs of Citizen Coproduction.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30 (4): 656–673. doi:10.1093/jopart/muaa001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titmuss, R. 1970. The Gift relationshiFrom Human Blood to Social Policy. London: George Alien & Unwin Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Tonkens, E. H. 2006. De bal bij de burger: Burgerschap en publieke moraal in een pluriforme, dynamische samenleving. Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA. https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.290752.
   Google Scholar
• Van Buuren, M. W. 2017. Vormgeven aan uitnodigend bestuur. Pleidooi voor een ontwerpgerichte bestuurskunde. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dam, R., M. Duineveld, and R. During. 2015. “Delineating Active Citizenship: The Subjectification of Citizens’ Initiatives.” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 17 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1080/1523908X.2014.918502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Wijdeven, T. 2012. Doe-Democratie: Over Actief Burgerschap in Stadswijken. Delft: Eburon Uitgeverij BV.
   Google Scholar
• Van Straalen, F. M., P. Witte, and E. Buitelaar. 2017. “Self‐organisation in Oosterwold, Almere: Challenges with Public Goods and Externalities.” Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 108 (4): 503–511. doi:10.1111/tesg.12267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollan, B. 2008. “Socio-Ecological Explanations for Crowding-Out Effects from Economic Field Experiments in Southern Africa.” Ecological Economics 67 (4): 560–573. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.01.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar