Political budget cycles at the municipal level in Slovakia: between structural dependence and electoral exhibitionism

References

• Aaskoven, L. 2018. “Polity Age and Political Budget Cycles: Evidence from a Danish Municipal Reform.” European Journal of Political Economy 52: 75–84. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Accettura, C., and P. Profeta. 2021. “Gender Differences in Political Budget Cycles.” Paper presented at the 4th IZA Workshop on Gender and Family Economics: “Women in Leadership”, on-line, September 17-18. https://conference.iza.org/conference_files/Gender_2021/accettura_c31444.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Alesina, A., and M. Paradisi. 2017. “Political Budget Cycles: Evidence from Italian Cities.” Economics & Politics 29 (2): 157–177. doi:10.1111/ecpo.12091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastida, F., A. Beyaert, and B. Benito. 2013. “Electoral Cycles and Local Government Debt Management.” Local Government Studies 39 (1): 107–132. doi:10.1080/03003930.2012.683861.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benito, B., F. Albaladejo, and C. Vicente. 2012. “Political Budget Cycles in Local Governments.” Lex Localis 4 (4): 341–361. doi:10.4335/10.4.341-361(2012).
   Google Scholar
• Benito, B., M.-D. Guillamón, and A.-M. Ríos. 2021. “Political Budget Cycles in Public Revenues: Evidence from Fines.” SAGE Open 11 (4): 215824402110591. doi:10.1177/21582440211059169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billeri, M., M. Limosani, E. Millemaci, and F. Monteforte. 2019. “Political Budget Cycle at the Intermediate Governance Level: Evidence from Italian Regions.” Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3488310.
   Google Scholar
• Bohn, F. 2019. “Political Budget Cycles, Incumbency Advantage and Propaganda.” Economics & Politics 31 (1): 43–70. doi:10.1111/ecpo.12122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohn, F., and J. E. Sturm. 2021. “Do Expected Downturns Kill Political Budget Cycles?” The Review of International Organizations 16: 817–841. doi:10.1007/s11558-020-09379-w.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohn, F., and F. J. Veiga. 2019a. “Political Opportunism and Countercyclical Fiscal Policy in Election-Year Recessions.” Economic Inquiry 57 (4): 2058–2081. doi:10.1111/ecin.12813.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohn, F., and F. J. Veiga. 2019b. “Elections, Recession Expectations and Excessive Debt: An Unholy Trinity.” Public Choice 180: 429–449. doi:10.1007/s11127-019-00647-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohn, F., and F. J. Veiga. 2021. “Political Forecast Cycles.” European Journal of Political Economy 66: 101934. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, V., and R. Martins. 2016. “Are There Political Cycles Hidden Inside Government Expenditures?” Applied Economics Letters 23: 34–37. doi:10.1080/13504851.2015.1047084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, V., and R. Martins. 2018. “Politically Driven Cycles in Fiscal Policy: In Depth Analysis of the Functional Components of Government Expenditures.” European Journal of Political Economy 55: 44–64. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, V., and R. Martins. 2019. “Budgets, Expenditure Composition and Political Manipulation.” International Review of Applied Economics 33 (2): 172–187. doi:10.1080/02692171.2017.1379474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chortareas, G., V. E. Logothetisb, and A. A. Papandreou. 2016. “Political Budget Cycles and Reelection Prospects in Greece’s Municipalities.” European Journal of Political Economy 43: 1–13. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chortareas, G., V. E. Logothetisb, and A. A. Papandreou. 2017. “Political Cycles in Greece’s Municipal Employment.” Journal of Economic Policy Reform 20 (4): 321–342. doi:10.1080/17487870.2016.1180251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chortareas, G., V. E. Logothetisb, and A. A. Papandreou. 2018. “Elections and Opportunistic Budgetary Policies in Greece.” Managerial and Decision Economics 39 (8): 854–862. doi:10.1002/mde.2973.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho, C., F. J. Veiga, and L. G. Veiga. 2006. “Political Business Cycles in Local Employment: Evidence from Portugal.” Economics Letters 93 (1): 82–87. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2006.03.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Higuera-Molina, E. J., A. M. Plata-Díaz, A. M. López-Hernández, and J. L. Zafra-Gómez. 2018. “Dynamic-Opportunistic Behaviour in Local Government Contracting-Out Decisions During the Electoral Cycle.” Local Government Studies 45 (2): 175–195. doi:10.1080/03003930.2018.1533819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drazen, A. 2000. “The Political Business Cycle After 25 Years.” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 15: 75–117. doi:10.2307/3585387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efthyvoulou, G. 2012. “Political Budget Cycles in the European Union and the Impact of Political Pressures.” Public Choice 153: 295–327. doi:10.1007/s11127-011-9795-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraresi, M. 2021. “Political Budget Cycle, Tax Collection, and Yardstick Competition.” The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 21 (3): 1149–1161. doi:10.1515/bejeap-2020-0380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foremny, D., and N. Riedel. 2014. “Business Taxes and the Electoral Cycle.” Journal of Public Economics 115: 48–61. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M., T. Madies, and S. Paty. 2008. “Public Spending Interactions and Local Politics. Empirical Evidence from French Municipalities.” Public Choice 137 (1/2): 57–80. doi:10.1007/s11127-008-9312-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furdas, M. D., K. Homolkova, and K. Kis-Katos. 2015. “Local Political Budget Cycles in a Federation: Evidence from West German Cities.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 8798. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2564931.
   Google Scholar
• Galli, E., and S. P. S. Rossi. 2002. “Political Budget Cycles: The Case of the Western German Länder.” Public Choice 110 (3/4): 283–303. doi:10.1023/A:1013089504557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbs, D. 1977. “Political Parties and Macroeconomic Policy.” The American Political Science Review 7 (4): 1467–1487. doi:10.2307/1961490.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, F. A. 2010. “Reelection Incentives and Political Budget Cycle: Evidence from Brazil.” Revista de Administração Pública 44 (2): 283–337. doi:10.1590/S0034-76122010000200006.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, F. A., and S. N. Sakurai. 2015. “Term Limits and Political Budget Cycles at the Local Level: Evidence from a Young Democracy.” European Journal of Political Economy 37: 21–36. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.10.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köppl Turyna, M., G. Kula, A. Balmas, and K. Waclawska. 2016. “The Effects of Fiscal Decentralisation on the Strength of Political Budget Cycles in Local Expenditure.” Local Government Studies 42 (5): 785–820. doi:10.1080/03003930.2016.1181620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labonne, J. 2016. “Local Political Business Cycles: Evidence from Philippine Municipalities.” Journal of Development Economics 121 (C): 56–62. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.03.004.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, C., and J. L. Mikesell. 2014. “The Impact of Public Officials’ Corruption on the Size and Allocation of US State Spending.” Public Administration Review 74 (3): 346–359. doi:10.1111/puar.12212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maličká, L. 2019. “Political Expenditure Cycle at the Municipal Government Level in Slovakia.” Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67 (2): 503–513. doi:10.11118/actaun201967020503.
   Google Scholar
• Meloni, O. 2016. “Electoral Opportunism and Vertical Fiscal Imbalance.” Journal of Applied Economics 19 (1): 145–167. doi:10.1016/S1514-0326(16)30006-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MF SR (Ministry of Finance of Slovak Republic). 2021. Revenues and Expenditures of Municipalities in Slovakia According to the Economic Classification (2005–2019). Bratislava: Ministry of Finance of Slovak Republic.
   Google Scholar
• Nordhaus, W. 1975. “The Political Business Cycle.” The Review of Economic Studies 42 (2): 169–190. doi:10.2307/2296528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogoff, K. 1990. “Equilibrium Political Budget Cycles.” The American Economic Review 80 (1): 21–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogoff, K., and A. Sibert. 1988. “Elections and Macroeconomic Policy Cycles.” The Review of Economic Studies 55 (1): 1–16. doi:10.2307/2297526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roodman, D. (2007). A Short Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments. Center for Global Development Working Paper. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/37952/2007_08_13.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sakurai, S. N., and A. N. Menezes-Filho. 2008. “Fiscal Policy and Reelection in Brazilian Municipalities.” Public Choice 137 (1): 301–314. doi:10.1007/s11127-008-9329-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai, S. N., and A. N. Menezes-Filho. 2011. “Opportunistic and Partisan Election Cycles in Brazil: New Evidence at the Municipal Level.” Public Choice 148 (1): 233–247. doi:10.1007/s11127-010-9654-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanjuán, J., P. Rausell, V. Coll, and R. Abeledo. 2020. ”Mayors, Using Cultural Expenditure in an Opportunistic Way Improves the Chances of Re-Election, but Do Not Do It: Revisiting Political Budget Cycles.” Sustainability 12 (21): 9095. doi:10.3390/su12219095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, M., and J. Svensson. 2003. “Political Budget Cycles: A Review of Recent Developments.” Nordic Journal of Political Economy 29: 67–76.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, M., and J. Svensson. 2006. “Political Budget Cycles: Do They Differ Across Countries and Why?” Journal of Public Economics 90 (8–9): 1367–1389. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SO SR (Statistical Office of Slovak Republic). 2021a. Datacube. Statistical Office of Slovak Republic. Accessed 4 June 2021. http://datacube.statistics.sk/.
   Google Scholar
• SO SR (Statistical Office of Slovak Republic). 2021b. Results of elections to the municipality self-government bodies 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. Statistical Office of Slovak Republic. Accessed 5 August 2021. https://volby.statistics.sk/.
   Google Scholar
• Šťastná, L. 2015. “Electoral Cycles in Public Expenditures: Evidence from Czech Local Governments.” IES Working Paper 28/2015. IES FSV. Prague: Charles University.
   Google Scholar
• Vavrek, R., V. Papcunová, and J. Tej. 2020. “Evaluation of Financial Management of Towns in Relation to Political Cycles Using CV-TOPSIS.” Lex Localis 18 (2): 231–252. doi:10.4335/18.2.231-252(2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veiga, L. G., and F. J. Veiga. 2004. Political Business Cycles at the Municipal Level, NIPE Working Paper, WP-4/2004, 1–26. http://www.eeg.uminho.pt/economia/nipe/WP/WP_NIPE_4_04.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Veiga, L. G., and F. J. Veiga. 2007. “Political Business Cycles at the Municipal Level.” Public Choice 131 (1/2): 45–64. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-9104-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vortherms, S. A. 2019. “Disaggregating China’s Local Political Budget Cycles: “Righting” the U.” World Development 114: 95–109. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.09.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar