Effects of intergovernmental revenue on local government draw on fiscal reserves: evidence from COVID-19 fiscal stress

References

• Aldag, A. M., Y. Kim, and M. E. Warner. 2019. “Austerity Urbanism or Pragmatic Municipalism? Local Government Responses to Fiscal Stress in New York State.” Environment & Planning A: Economy & Space 51 (6): 1287–1305. doi:10.1177/0308518X19844794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arapis, T., and V. Reitano. 2016. “A Glimmer of Optimism in Government Savings Accumulation? An Empirical Examination of Municipal Unassigned Fund Balance in Florida.” Public Finance Review 46 (3): 1–32. doi:10.1177/1091142116643386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluestone, P., and R. Buschman 2020. Pandemic-Driven Industry Cutbacks and Closures: Georgia Sales Tax Revenue Impacts. Georgia State University, Fiscal Research Center. Retrieved May 29, 2021 from https://frc.gsu.edu/download/covid-19-impact-report/?wpdmdl=5505&refresh=5e964506a370e1586906374
   Google Scholar
• Cepiku, D., R. Mussari, and F. Giordano. 2016. “Local Governments Managing Austerity: Approaches, Determinants and Impact.” Public Administration 94 (1): 223–243. doi:10.1111/padm.12222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, G. 2020. ““Assessing the Financial Impact of Natural Disasters on Local Governments.” Public Budgeting & Finance 40 (1): 22–44. doi:10.1111/pbaf.12245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifton, J. 2014. “Beyond Hollowing Out: Straitjacketing the State.” The Political Quarterly 85 (4): 437–444. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deryugina, T. 2017. “The Fiscal Cost of Hurricanes: Disaster Aid versus Social Insurance.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9 (3): 168–198. doi:10.1257/pol.20140296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Descant, S. 2020. County Leaders Warn of Epic Revenue Losses from COVID-19. Governing https://www.governing.com/now/County-Leaders-Warn-of-Epic-Revenue-Losses-from-COVID-19.html Retried May 2019, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Dougherty, J., K. A. Klase, and S. G. Song. 2003. “Managerial Necessity and the Art of Creating Surpluses: The Budget-Execution Process in West Virginia Cities.” Public Administration Review 63 (4): 484–497. doi:10.1111/1540-6210.00310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianakis, G., and D. Snow. 2007. “The Implementation and Utilization of Stabilization Funds by Local Governments in Massachusetts.” Public Budgeting & Finance 27 (1): 86–103. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5850.2007.00870.x.
   Google Scholar
• Gore, A. K. 2009. “Why Do Cities Hoard Cash? Determinants and Implications of Municipal Cash Holdings.” The Accounting Review 84 (1): 183–207. doi:10.2308/accr.2009.84.1.183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, M., and A. Barford. 2018. “The Depths of the Cuts: The Uneven Geography of Local Government Austerity.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society 11 (3): 541–563. doi:10.1093/cjres/rsy019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrick, R. 2006. “The Role of Slack in Local Government Finances.” Public Budgeting & Finance 26 (1): 14–46. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5850.2006.00837.x.
   Google Scholar
• Hildreth, B. W. 2009. “The Financial Logistics of Disaster: The Case of Hurricane Katrina.” Public Performance & Management Review 32 (3): 400–436. doi:10.2753/PMR1530-9576320303.
   Google Scholar
• Hochrainer, S. 2009. “Assessing the Macroeconomic Impacts of Natural Disasters – are There Any?” Policy Research Working Paper No. 4968. The World Bank, Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Hornbeck, R. 2012. “The Enduring Impact of the American Dust Bowl: Short- and Long- Run Adjustments to Environmental Catastrophe.” The American Economic Review 102 (4): 1477–1507. doi:10.1257/aer.102.4.1477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerlinger, F. N. 1986. Foundations of Behavioral Research. 3rd ed. New York: CBS.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. 2018. “Limits of Fiscal Federalism: How Narratives of Local Government Inefficiency Facilitate Scalar Dumping in New York State.” Environment & Planning A: Economy & Space 51 (3): 636–653. doi:10.1177/0308518X18796511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., and M. E. Warner. 2016. “Pragmatic Municipalism: Local Government Service Delivery After the Great Recession.” Public Administration 94 (3): 789–805. doi:10.1111/padm.12267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kioko, S. N. 2015. “Impact of Tax and Expenditure Limitations on Local Government Savings.” In Local Government Budget Stabilization: Explorations and Evidence, edited by Y. Hou, 141–170. New York: Springer.Please correct accordingly.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, C. H., I. S. Rubin, and G. G. Wolohojian. 1981. The Politics of Retrenchment: How Local Governments Manage Fiscal Stress. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Lobao, L., L. Adua, and G. Hooks. 2014. “Privatization, Business Attraction, and Social Services Across the United States: Local Governments’ Use of Market-Oriented, Neoliberal Policies in the Post-2000 Period.” Social Problems 61 (4): 644–672. doi:10.1525/sp.2014.12180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowndes, V., and A. Gardner. 2016. “Local Governance Under the Conservatives: Super Austerity, Devolution and the ‘Smarter State’.” Local Government Studies 42 (3): 357–375. doi:10.1080/03003930.2016.1150837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlowe, J. 2004. “The Local Fund Balance: Explanations and Implications.” Unpublished PhD dissertation., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
   Google Scholar
• Marlowe, J. 2005. “Fiscal Slack and Counter-Cyclical Expenditure Stabilization: A First Look at the Local Level.” Public Budgeting & Finance 25 (3): 48–72. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5850.2005.00367.x.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, B., and S. Larson. 2020. “Implications of the Coronavirus on Sales Tax Revenue and Local Government Fiscal Health.” SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3571827.
   Google Scholar
• McFarland, C., and M. A. Pagano. 2015. City Fiscal Conditions 2015. Washington, DC: National League of Cities.
   Google Scholar
• Miao, Q., Y. Hou, and M. Abrigo. 2018. “Measuring the Financial Shocks of Natural Disasters: A Panel Study of U.S. States.” National Tax Journal 71 (1): 11–44. doi:10.17310/ntj.2018.1.01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NACo (National Association of Counties). 2016. Doing More with Less. State Revenue Limitations & Mandates on County Finances. from. http://www.naco.org/resources/doing-more-with-less-state-revenue-limitations-and-mandates-on-county-finances Retrieved October 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• NLC (National League of Cities). 2018. “City Rights in an Era of Preemption: A State-By-State Analysis.” Retrieved October 24, 2022 from https://www.nle.org/resource/city-rights-in-an-era-of-preemption-a-state-by-state-analysis
   Google Scholar
• Raddatz, C. 2007. “Are External Shocks Responsible for the Instability of Output in Low Income Countries?” Journal of Development Economics 84 (1): 155–187. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez‐tejedo, I. 2012. “The Determinants of the Structure of Rainy Day Funds.” Public Administration Review 72 (3): 376–386. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02523.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, S., and D. L. Smith. 2012. “Budget Slack, Institutions, and Transparency.” Public Administration Review 72 (2): 187–195. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02491.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, L. M. 2009. “Examining Factors That Impact Mississippi Counties’ Unreserved Fund Balance During Relative Resource Abundance and Relative Resource Scarcity.” Public Budgeting & Finance 29 (4): 45–73. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5850.2009.00942.x.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, L., and M. Shonda. 2009. “Examining Factors That Impact Mississippi Counties’ Unreserved Fund Balance During Relative Resource Abundance and Relative Resource Scarcity.” Public Budgeting & Finance 29 (4): 45–73. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5850.2009.00942.x.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, L., M. Shonda, J. N. Phillips, and S. Modlin. 2013. “An Evaluation of the Connection Between Economic Volatility and Governmental Savings Levels for Illinois, North Carolina, and Mississippi Counties.” Public Finance and Management 13 (4): 361–382.
   Google Scholar
• Strobl, E. 2011. “The Economic Growth Impact of Hurricane Strikes: Evidence from US Coastal Counties.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 93 (2): 575–589. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylves, R., and Z. Búzás. 2007. “Presidential Disaster Declaration Decisions, 1953‐2003: What Influences Odds of Approval?” State & Local Government Review 39 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1177/0160323X0703900102.
   Google Scholar
• Tyer, C. B. 1993. “‘Local Government Reserve Funds: Policy Alternatives and Political Strategies.” Public Budgeting & Finance 13 (2): 75–84. doi:10.1111/1540-5850.00976.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, G. A., and R. S. Sobel. 2006. “State Budget Stabilization Fund Adoption: Preparing for the Next Recession or Circumventing Fiscal Constraints?” Public Choice 126 (1–2): 177–199. doi:10.1007/s11127-006-7752-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., and Y. Hou. 2012. “Do Local Governments Save and Spend Across Budget Cycles? Evidence from North Carolina.” The American Review of Public Administration 42 (2): 152–169. doi:10.1177/0275074011398387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, M. E., A. M. Aldag, and Y. Kim. 2020. “Pragmatic Municipalism: U. S. Local Government Responses to Fiscal Stress.” Public Administration Review 83 (3): 389–398.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, C. J. R., and P. Bywaters. 2018. “Austerity, Rationing and Inequity: Trends in Children’s and Young Peoples’ Services Expenditure in England Between 2010 and 2015.” Local Government Studies 44 (3): 391–415. doi:10.1080/03003930.2018.1430028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker, S. D. 2020. “How Much Help Do State and Local Government Need? Updated Estimates of Revenue Losses from Pandemic Mitication.” Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Retrieved April6, 2022 from Clevelandfed.org/publications/cleveland/-fed-district-data-brief/2020/cfddb-20200629-updated-estimates-of-revenue-losses--from-pandemic-mitigation.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., and Y. Shi. 2018. “How Does Intergovernmental Fiscal Environment Affect General Fund Balances of Major American Cities?” Local Government Studies 44 (6): 745–765. doi:10.1080/03003930.2018.1501365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar