References
- American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1033-46
- McCoy RG, Zhang Y, Herrin J, et al. Changing trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment intensification, 2002–2010. Am J Manag Care 2015;21:e288-96
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States, 2014. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2014. Available online at: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/statsreport14/national-diabetes-report-web.pdf. [Last accessed 24 June 2016]
- Geller AI, Shehab N, Lovegrove MC, et al. National estimates of insulin-related hypoglycemia and errors leading to emergency department visits and hospitalizations. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:678-86
- Brod M, Rana A, Barnett AH. Impact of self-treated hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a multinational survey in patients and physicians. Curr Med Res Opin 2012;28:1947-58
- Fidler C, Elmelund Christensen T, Gillard S. Hypoglycemia: an overview of fear of hypoglycemia, quality-of-life, and impact on costs. J Med Econ 2011;14:646-55
- International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Minimizing hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1583-91
- Wild D, von Maltzahn R, Brohan E, et al. A critical review of the literature on fear of hypoglycemia in diabetes: Implications for diabetes management and patient education. Patient Educ Couns 2007;68:10-15
- Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes: maladaptive, adaptive, or both? Diabetes 2015;64:2322-3
- Bullano MF, Fisher MD, Grochulski WD, et al. Hypoglycemic events and glycosylated hemoglobin values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly initiated on insulin glargine or premixed insulin combination products. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:2473-82
- Fabunmi R, Nielsen LL, Quimbo R, et al. Patient characteristics, drug adherence patterns, and hypoglycemia costs for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly initiated on exenatide or insulin glargine. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:777-86
- Ganz M, Wintfeld N, Li Q, et al. Severe hypoglycemia rates and associated costs among type 2 diabetics starting basal insulin therapy in the United States. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;30:1991-2000
- Cariou B, Fontaine P, Eschwege E, et al. Frequency and predictors of confirmed hypoglycaemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a real-life setting: results from the DIALOG study. Diabetes Metab 2015;41:116-25
- Goldstein D, Chodick G, Shalev V, et al. Use of healthcare services following severe hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes: analysis of real-world data. Diabetes Ther 2016;7:295-308
- Heller SR, Frier BM, Herslov ML, et al. Severe hypoglycaemia in adults with insulin-treated diabetes: impact on healthcare resources. Diabet Med 2016;33:471-7
- Elliott L, Fidler C, Ditchfield A, et al. Hypoglycemia event rates: a comparison between real-world data and randomized controlled trial populations in insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2016;7:45-60
- Majumdar SR, Hemmelgarn BR, Lin M, et al. Hypoglycemia associated with hospitalization and adverse events in older people: population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3585-90
- Ginde AA, Blanc PG, Lieberman RM, et al. Validation of ICD-9-CM coding algorithm for improved identification of hypoglycemia visits. BMC Endocr Disord 2008;8:4
- Simeone JC, Quilliam BJ. Predictors of emergency department and outpatient visits for hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of a large US administrative claims database. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46:157-68
- D’Hoore W, Bouckaert A, Tilquin C. Practical considerations on the use of the Charlson comorbidity index with administrative data bases. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:1429-33
- Schneeweiss S, Maclure M. Use of comorbidity scores for control of confounding in studies using administrative databases. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:891-8
- Lipska KJ, Ross JS, Wang Y, et al. National trends in US hospital admissions for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999 to 2011. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1116-24
- Pontiroli AE, Miele L, Morabito A. Metabolic control and risk of hypoglycaemia during the first year of intensive insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obesity Metab 2012;14:433-446
- Jakubczyk M, Rdzanek E, Niewada M, et al. Economic resources consumption structure in severe hypoglycemia episodes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2015;15:813-22
- Veronese G, Marchesini G, Forlani G, et al. Are severe hypoglycemic episodes in diabetes correctly identified by administrative data? Evidence of underreporting from the HYPOTHESIS study. Acta Diabetologica 2016;53:677-80