296
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Psychiatric Medicine

Readmissions, costs, and duration to subsequent outpatient visit after hospital discharge among Medicaid beneficiaries utilizing oral versus long-acting injectable antipsychotics in bipolar disorder or schizophrenia

ORCID Icon, , , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 1621-1630 | Received 05 Apr 2022, Accepted 11 Jul 2022, Published online: 01 Aug 2022

References

  • Hirschfeld RMA, Bowden CL, Gitlin MJ, et al. American psychiatric association work group on bipolar disorder. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder, Second Edition. APA practice guidelines. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2010.
  • Connolly KR, Thase ME. The clinical management of bipolar disorder: a review of evidence-based guidelines. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(4):PCC.10r01097.
  • Patel KR, Cherian J, Gohil K, et al. Schizophrenia: overview and treatment options. Pharm Ther. 2014;39(9):638–645.
  • Lehman AF, Lieberman JA, Dixon LB, et al. American psychiatric association work group on schizophrenia. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, Second Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2010.
  • Ascher-Svanum H, Zhu B, Faries DE, et al. The cost of relapse and the predictors of relapse in the treatment of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:2.
  • Foster A, Gable J, Buckley J. Homelessness in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012;35(3):717–734.
  • Thoma P, Daum I. Comorbid substance use disorder in schizophrenia: a selective overview of neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;67(6):367–383.
  • Llorca PM, Abbar M, Courtet P, et al. Guidelines for the use and management of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in serious mental illness. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:340–340.
  • Weiden PJ, Schooler NR, Weedon JC, et al. A randomized controlled trial of long-acting injectable risperidone vs continuation on oral atypical antipsychotics for first-episode schizophrenia patients: initial adherence outcome. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(10):1397–1406.
  • Emsley R, Oosthuizen P, Koen L, et al. Oral versus injectable antipsychotic treatment in early psychosis: post hoc comparison of two studies. Clin Ther. 2008;30(12):2378–2386.
  • Rosenheck RA, Krystal JH, Lew R, et al. Long-acting risperidone and oral antipsychotics in unstable schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(9):842–851.
  • Buckley PF, Schooler NR, Goff DC, et al. Comparison of SGA oral medications and a long-acting injectable SGA: the PROACTIVE study. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(2):449–459.
  • Kim B, Lee S-H, Choi TK, et al. Effectiveness of risperidone long-acting injection in first-episode schizophrenia: in naturalistic setting. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(5):1231–1235.
  • Kishimoto T, Nitta M, Borenstein M, et al. Long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mirror-image studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(10):957–965.
  • Tiihonen J, Haukka J, Taylor M, et al. A nationwide cohort study of oral and depot antipsychotics after first hospitalization for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(6):603–609.
  • Offord S, Wong B, Mirski D, et al. Healthcare resource usage of schizophrenia patients initiating long-acting injectable antipsychotics vs. oral. J Med Econ. 2013;16(2):231–239.
  • Lafeuille M-H, Laliberté-Auger F, Lefebvre P, et al. Impact of atypical long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics on rehospitalization rates and emergency room visits among relapsed schizophrenia patients: a retrospective database analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):221.
  • Shah A, Xie L, Kariburyo F, et al. Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization and costs among schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics. Adv Ther. 2018;35(11):1994–2014.
  • Marcus SC, Zummo J, Pettit AR, et al. Antipsychotic adherence and rehospitalization in schizophrenia patients receiving oral versus long-acting injectable antipsychotics following hospital discharge. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2015;21(9):754–769.
  • Cloutier M, Aigbogun MS, Guerin A, et al. The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States in 2013. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(6):764–771.
  • Cloutier M, Greene M, Guerin A, et al. The economic burden of bipolar I disorder in the United States in 2015. J Affect Disord. 2018;226:45–51.
  • Lauriello J, Campbell AR. Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia: long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs; 2021 [updated 2020 Oct 5; cited 2021 Oct 12]. Available from: https://www-uptodate-com/contents/pharmacotherapy-for-schizophrenia-long-acting-injectable-antipsychotic-drugs.
  • Skrepnek GH. Regression methods in the empirical analysis of health care data. J Manag Care Pharm. 2005;11(3):240–251.
  • Skrepnek GH, Olvey EL, Sahai A. Econometric approaches in evaluating costs and outcomes within pharmacoeconomic analyses. Pharm Policy Law. 2012;14(1):105–122.
  • Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45(6):613–619.
  • Zeger SL, Liang KY, Albert PS. Models for longitudinal data: a generalized estimating equation approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(4):1049–1060.
  • Pan W, Connett JE. Selecting the working correlation structure in generalized estimating equations with application to the lung health study. Statistica Sinica. 2002;12:475–490.
  • Huber P. The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates under nonstandard conditions. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. Vol. 1; Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; 1967. p. 221–33.
  • White H. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica. 1980;48(4):817–838.
  • Eicker F. Limit theorems for regression with unequal and dependent errors. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Berkeley; 1967. p. 59–82.
  • Tutzauer F. On the sensible application of familywise alpha adjustment. Human Comm Res. 2003;29(3):455–463.
  • O’Keefe DJ. Searching for a defensible application of alpha-adjustment tools. Human Comm Res. 2003;29(3):464–468.
  • Matsunaga M. Familywise error in multiple comparisons: disentangling a knot through a critique of O’Keefe’s arguments against alpha adjustment. Comm Methods Measures. 2007;1(4):243–265.
  • Rubin M. When to adjust alpha during multiple testing: a consideration of disjunction, conjunction, and individual testing. Synthese. 2021;199(3–4):10969–11000.
  • Broder MS, Greene M, Chang E, et al. Health care resource use, costs, and diagnosis patterns in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: real-world evidence from US claims databases. Clin Ther. 2018;40(10):1670–1682.
  • Tiihonen J, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Majak M, et al. Real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 29,823 patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(7):686–693.
  • Kurdyak P, Vigod SN, Newman A, et al. Impact of physician follow-up care on psychiatric readmission rates in a population-based sample of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2018;69(1):61–68.
  • Okumura Y, Sugiyama N, Noda T. Timely follow-up visits after psychiatric hospitalization and readmission in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Japan. Psychiatry Res. 2018;270:490–495.
  • The National Committee for Quality Assurance. Follow-up after emergency department visit for mental illness (FUM). NCQA website; 2021 [cited 2021 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.ncqa.org/hedis/measures/follow-up-after-emergency-department-visit-for-mental-illness/.
  • The National Committee for Quality Assurance. Follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness (FUH). NCQA website; [cited 2021 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.ncqa.org/hedis/measures/follow-up-after-hospitalization-for-mental-illness/.
  • Marcus SC, Chuang C-C, Ng-Mak DS, et al. Outpatient follow-up care and risk of hospital readmission in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 2017;68(12):1239–1246.
  • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261–276.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.