Pain drawings predict outcome of surgical treatment for degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine

References

• Ransford AO, Cairns D, Mooney V. The pain drawing as an aid to the psychologic evaluation of patients with low-back pain. Spine. 1976;1:127–34.
   Google Scholar
• Udén A, Åström M, Bergenudd H. Pain drawings in chronic back pain. Spine. 1988;13:389–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorhies RM, Jiang X, Thomas N. Predicting outcome in the surgical treatment of lumbar radiculopathy using the Pain drawing score, McGill short form pain questionnaire, and risk factors including psychosocial issues and axial joint pain. Spine J. 2007;7:516–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivik TM, Gustafsson E, Klingberg Olsson K. Differential diagnosis of low-back pain patients. A simple quantification of the pain drawing. Nord J Psychiatry. 1992;46:55–62.
   Google Scholar
• Ohnmeiss DD, Vanharanta H, Ekholm J. Relation between pain location and disc pathology: a study of pain drawings and CT/discography. Clin J Pain. 1999;15:210–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis RB, Tait RC, Krause SJ. A rating system for use with patient pain drawings. Pain. 1986;24:57–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatchel RJ, Mayer TG, Capra P, Diamond P, Barnett J. Quantification of lumbar function. Part 6: the use of psychological measures in guiding physical functional restoration. Spine J. 1986;11:36–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia F, Gorga D, Nagler W. The value of pain drawings in the care of neck and back pain. J Back Musculoskel Rehab. 1997;8:209–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA, Jones PK, Bohlman HH. Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1999;81A:519–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDowall A, Robinson Y, Skeppholm M, Olerud C. Anxiety and depression affect pain drawings in cervical degenerative disc disease. Upsala J Med Sci. 2017;122:99–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeppholm M, Lindgren L, Henriques T, Vavruch L, Lofgren H, Olerud C. The Discover artificial disc replacement versus fusion in cervical radiculopathy – a randomized controlled outcome trial with 2-year follow-up. Spine J. 2015;15:1284–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spangfort E. Textbook of pain. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston; 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Young IA, Cleland JA, Michener LA, Brown C. Reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Neck-Disability Index, patient-specific functional scale, and numeric pain rating scale in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Am J Physical Med Rehab. 2010;89:831–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao M, Sun YL, Cao ZY, Dun RL, Yang L, Zhang BM, et al. A systematic review of cross-cultural adaptation of the neck disability index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40:480–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carreon LY, Glassman SD, Campbell MJ, Andersen PA. Neck disability index, short form-36 physical component summary, and pain scales for neck and arm pain: the minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit after cervical spine fusion. Spine J. 2010;10:469–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker SL, Godil SS, Shau DN, Mendenhall SK, McGirt MJ. Assessment of the minimum clinically important difference in pain, disability, and quality of life after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;18:154–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takata K, Hirotani H. Pain drawing in the evaluation of low back pain. Int Orthopaedics. 1995;19:361–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light RJ. Measures of response agreement for qualitative data: some generalizations and alternatives. Psychol Bull. 1971;76:365–77.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20:37–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter J, Bithell J. Bootstraps confidence intervals: when, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians. Stat Med. 2000;19:1141–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Team C. A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing. Vienna; 2013. Available at: http://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Von Baeyer CL, Bergstrom KJ, Brodwin MG, Brodwing SK. Invalid use of pain drawing in psychological screening of back pain patients. Pain. 1983;16:103–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan CW, Goldman S, Ilstrup DM, Kunselman AR, O’Neill P. The pain drawing and Waddell’s nonorganic physical signs in chronic low-back pain. Spine J. 1993;18:1717–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi K, Arai YC, Morimoto A, Aono S, Yoshimoto T, Nishihara M, et al. Associations between pain drawing and psychological characteristics of different body region pains. Pain Pract. 2015;15:300–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertilson B, Grunnesjö M, Johansson S-E, Strender L-E. Pain drawing in the assessment of neurogenic pain and dysfunction in the neck/shoulder region: inter-examiner reliability and concordance with clinical examination. Am Academy Pain Med. 2007;8:134–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohnmeiss DD. Repeatability of pain drawings in a low back pain population. Spine. 2000;25:980–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann NH, Brown MD, Hertz DB, Enger I, Tompkins J. Initial-impression diagnosis using low-back pain patients pain drawings. Spine. 1993;18:41–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bring J, Taube A, Wikman P. Introduktion till medicinsk statistik [Introduction to medical statistics]. 2015 ed. Lund: Studentlitteratur; 2006.
   Google Scholar