Rheumatoid arthritis T cells produce Th1 cytokines in response to stimulation with a novel trispecific antibody directed against CD2, CD3, and CD28

Reference

• van Boxel JA, Paget SA. Predominantly T-cell infiltrate in rheumatoid synovial membranes. N Engl J Med 1975;293:517–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas R, Davis LS, Lipsky PE. Rheumatoid synovium is enriched in mature antigen-presenting dendritic cells. J Immunol 1994;152:2613–23.
   Google Scholar
• 011ier W, Venables PJ, Mumford PA, et al. HLA antigen associations with extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens 1984;24: 279–91.
   Google Scholar
• Kitas GD, Salmon M, Farr M, Gaston JSH, Bacon PA. Deficient interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid arthritis: association with active disease and systemic complications. Clin Exp Immunol 1988;73: 242–9.
   Google Scholar
• Seitz M, Deiman W, Gram N, Hunstein W, Gemsa G. Characterisation of blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients. I. depressed lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced prostanoid release from monocytes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1982;25:405–16.
   Google Scholar
• Lotz M, Tsoukas CD, Robinson CA, Dinarello CA, Carson DA, Vaughan JH. Basis for defective responses of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid lymphocytes to anti-CD3 (T3) anti-bodies. J Clin Invest 1986;78:713–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noun i AM, Panayi GS. Cytokines and the chronic inflamma-tion of rheumatic disease. III. Deficient interleukin-2 produc-tion in rheumatoid arthritis is not due to suppressor mechanisms. J Rheumatol 1987;14:902–6.
   Google Scholar
• Howell WM, Warren CJ, Cook NJ, Cawley MI, Smith JL. Detection of IL-2 at mRNA and protein levels in synovial infiltrates from inflammatory arthropathies using biotinylated oligonucleotide probes in situ. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 86:393–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wong WM, Howell WM, Coy SD, Cawley MI, Smith JL. Interleukin-2 is found in the synovium of psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis, not in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25: 239–45.
   Google Scholar
• Zvaifler NJ, Firestein GS. Pannus and pannocytes: alternative models of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:783–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glennie MJ, Tutt AL, Greenman J. Preparation of multi-specific F(ab)2 and F(ab)3 antibody derivatives. In: Gallagher G, Rees RC, Reynolds CW. eds. Tumour immunobiology, a practical approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993:225–44.
   Google Scholar
• Jung T, Schauer U, Heusser C, Neumann C, Rieger C. Detection of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 1993;159:197–207.
   Google Scholar
• Smith MD, Roberts-Thomson PJ. Interleukin 2 and inter-leukin 2 inhibitors in human serum and synovial fluid. II. Mitogenic stimulation, interleukin 2 production and inter-leukin 2 receptor expression in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome. J Rheumatol 1989;16: 897–903.
   Google Scholar
• Hovdenes J, Gaudemack G, Kvien TK, Hovdenes AB, Egeland T. Mitogen-induced interleukin 2 and gamma interferon production by CD4+ and CD8+ cells of patients with inflammatory arthritides. A comparison between cells from synovial fluid and peripheral blood. Scand J Immunol 1989;30: 597–603.
   Google Scholar
• Rivas D, Mozo L, Zamorano J, Gayo A, Torre-Alonso JC, Rodriguez A, et al. Upregulated expression of IL-4 receptors and increased levels of IL-4 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Autoimmun 1995;8: 587–600.
   Google Scholar
• Miltenburg AM, van Laar JM, de Kuiper R, Daha MR, Breedveld FC. T cells cloned from rheumatoid synovial membrane functionally represent the Thl subset. Scand J Immunol 1992;35:603–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miossec P, Naviliat M, Dupuy D'Angeac A, Sany J, Banchereau J. Low levels of interleukin-4 and high levels of transforming growth factor beta in rheumatoid synovitis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33: 1180–7.
   Google Scholar
• Zenmyo M, Hiraoka K, Sasaguri T, Komiya S, Inoue A, Morimatsu M, et al. Interleukin-4 stimulates rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to express matrix metalloproteinase-1 (tissue collagenase) and histamine Hi receptor mRNA. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1996;40:1253–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Roon JA, van Roy JL, Duits A, Lafeber FP, Bijlsma JW. Proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage due to rheumatoid synovial T helper-1 activation is inhibited by interleukin-4. Ann Rheum Dis 1995;54:836–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong KY, Boey ML, Koh WH, Feng PH. Cytokine concentrations in the synovial fluid and plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients: correlation with bony erosions. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1994;12:55–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tebib JG, Boughaba H, Letroublon MC, et al. Serum IL-2 level in rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with joint destruction and disease progression. Eur Cytokine Netw 1991;2:239–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lavelle-Jones M, al-Hadrani A, Spiers EM, Campbell FC, Cuschieri A. Reactivation of rheumatoid arthritis during continuous infusion of interleukin 2: evidence of lymphocytic control of rheumatoid disease. BMJ 1990;301: 97.
   Google Scholar
• Quayle AJ, Chomarat P, Miossec P, Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Form O, Natvig JB. Rheumatoid inflammatory T-cell clones express mostly Thl but also Th2 and mixed (Th0-like) cytokine patterns. Scand J Immunol 1993;38: 75–82.
   Google Scholar
• Dolhain RJ, van der Heiden AN, ter Haar NT, Breedveld FC, Miltenburg AM. Shift toward T lymphocytes with a T helper 1 cytokine-secretion profile in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1961–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon AK, Seipelt E, Sieper J. Divergent T-cell cytokine patterns in inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:8562–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusuba M, Honda J, Fukuda T, Oizumi K. Analysis of type 1 and type 2 T cells in synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25:1466–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Graaf WL, Prins AP, Niers TM, Dijkmans BA, van Lier RA. Quantitation of interferon-gamma- and interleukin-4-producing T cells in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38:214–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morita Y, Yamamura M, Kawashima M, Harada S, Tsuji K, Shibuya K, et al. Flow cytometric single cell analysis of cytokine production by CD4 + T cells in synovial tissue and peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1669–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar