Effectiveness of low‐level laser therapy in temporomandibular disorder

References

• Adlam DM. Temporomandibular pain syndrome. In: Klippel JH, Dieppe PA, eds. Rheumatology, ed 2. London: Mosby International, 1998: 4.13.1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Dolwick MF. Temporomandibular disorders. In: Koopman WJ, ed. Arthritis and allied conditions, ed 14. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001: 2019–25.
   Google Scholar
• Okeson JP, de Kanter RJAM. Temporomandibular disorders in the medical practice. J Family Pract 1996;43:347–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celiker R, Gifikce-Kutsal Y, Eryilmaz M. Temporomandibu-lar involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Relationship with disease activity. Scand J Rheumatol 1995;24:22–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stabrun AE, Larheim TA, Hoyeraal HM. Temporomandibu-lar joint involvement in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical diagnostic criteria. Scand J Rheumatol 1989;18:197–204.
   Google Scholar
• Konttinen YT, Tuominen TS, Piirainen HI, Könönen MH, Wolf JE, Hietanen JH, et al. Signs and symptoms in the masticatory system in ten patients with mixed connective tissue disease. Scand J Rheumatol 1990;19:363–73.
   Google Scholar
• Okeson JP, ed. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion, ed 4. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Ren YF, Westesson PL, Isberg A. Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996;81:110–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoller DW, Jacobson RL. The temporomandibular joint. In: Stoller DW, ed. Magnetic resonance imaging in orthopedics and sport medicine, ed 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997:995–1021.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson QN. The current role of magnetic resonance imaging in temporomandibular joint treatment planning. In: Stegenga B, de Bont LGM, eds. Management of temporo-mandibular joint degenerative diseases. Basel, Birkhauser Verlag, 1998:87–97.
   Google Scholar
• Orsini MG, Kuboki T, Terada S, Matsuka Y, Yatani H, Yamashita A. Clinical predictability of temporomandibular joint disc displacement. J Dent Res 1999;78:650–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown CR. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction. In: Windsor RE, Lox DM, eds. Soft tissue injuries: diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, 1998:225–41.
   Google Scholar
• McNeill C. Management of temporomandibular disorders: concepts and controversies. J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:510–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall U. Physical therapy treatment results for 178 patients with temporomandibular joint syndrome. Am J Otology 1984;5:183–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feine JS, Widmer CG, Lund JP. Physical therapy: A critique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:123–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolucci LE, Grey T. Clinical analysis of mid-laser versus placebo treatment of arthralgic TMJ degenerative joints. J Craniomand Pract 1995;13:26–9.
   Google Scholar
• Gray RJM, Quayle AA, Hall CA, Schofield MA. Physio-therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: a comparative study of four treatment methods. Br Dent J 1994;176:257–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolucci LE, Grey T. Clinical comparative study of microcurrent electrical stimulation to mid-laser and placebo treatment in degenerative joint disease of the temporo-mandibular joint. J Craniomand Pract 1995;13:116–20.
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro AL, Cavalcanti ET, Pinheiro TI, Alves MJ, Miranda ER, De Quevedo AS, et al. Low-level laser therapy is an important tool to treat disorders of the maxillofacial region. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1998;16:223–6.
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro AL, Cavalcanti ET, Pinheiro TI, Alves MJ, Manzi CT. Low-level laser therapy in the management of disorders of the maxillofacial region. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1997;15:181–3.
   Google Scholar
• Conti PC. Low level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD): a double-blind pilot study. Cranio 1997;15:144–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson TL. Infrared laser in the treatment of cranio-mandibular disorders, arthrogenous pain. J Prosthet Dent 1989;61:614–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnatz SM. Temporomandibular joint disorders. In: Grabois M, Garrison SJ, Hart KA, Lehmkuhl LD, eds. Medical rehabilitation for diagnostic groups. Malden, Blackwell Science Inc, 2000:1088–100.
   Google Scholar
• dos Santos J. Supportive conservative therapies for temporo-mandibular disorders. Dent Clin North Am 1995;39:459–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tegelberg A, Kopp S. Short-term effect of physical training on temporomandibular joint disorder in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Acta Odontol Scand 1988;46:49–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au AR, Klineberg U. Isokinetic exercise management of temporomandibular joint clicking in young adults. J Prosthet Dent 1993;70:33–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackler LS, Collender SL. Therapeutic uses of light in rehabilitation. In: Michlovitz SL, ed. Thermal agents in rehabilitation, ed 3. Philadelphia, F.A. Davis Company, 1996: 255–77.
   Google Scholar
• Beckerman H, de Bie RA, Bouter LM, De Cuyper HJ, Oostendorp RAB. The efficacy of laser therapy for muskulo-skeletal and skin disorders: a criteria based meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phys Ther 1992;72:483–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gam AN, Thorsen H, Lonnberg F. The effect of low-level laser therapy on musculoskeletal pain: a meta-analysis. Pain 1993;52:63–6.
   Google Scholar
• Nowlin TP, Nowlin JH. Examination and occlusal analysis of the masticatory system. Dent Clin North Am 1995;39:379–401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan AS. Examination and diagnosis. In: Kaplan AS, Assael LA, eds. Temporomandibular disorders: diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1991: 284–311.
   Google Scholar
• Yatani H, Sonoyama W, Kuboki T, Matsuka Y, Orsini MG, Yamashita A. The validity of clinical examination for diagnosing anterior disk displacement with reduction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:647–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchen SS, Partridge CJ. A review of low level laser therapy, part I: background, physiological effects and hazards. Physiotherapy 1991;77:161–8.
   Google Scholar
• Dyson M, Young S. Effect of laser therapy on wound contraction and cellularity in mice. Laser in Medical Science 1986;1:125–30.
   Google Scholar
• Girdler NM. In vitro synthesis and characterization of a cartilaginous meniscus grown from isolated temporo-mandibular chondroprogenitor cells. Scand J Rheumatol 1998;27:446–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar