Localization of human glucocorticoid receptor in rheumatoid synovial tissue of the knee joint

References

• Muller M., Renkawitz R. The glucocorticoid receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1088: 171–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oshima H. Mechanisms of the molecular action of glucocorticoids. Jpn J Rheumatol 1997; 7: 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Eggert M., Schulz M., Neeck G. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 77: 185–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaaf M. J., Cidlowski J. A. Molecular determinants of glucocorticoid receptor mobility in living cells: the importance of ligand affinity. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23: 1922–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castagnetta L., Cutolo M., Granata O. M., Falco M. D., Ballavia V., Carruba G. Endocrine end‐points in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 876: 180–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaghecke R., Beuscher D., Kornely E., Specker C. Effects of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 1127–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schottelius A., Wedel S., Weltrich R., Rohde W., Buttgereit F., Schreiber S. Higher expression of glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral mononuclear cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 1994–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreae J., Tripmacher R., Weltrich R., Rohde W., Keitzer R., Wahn U., et al. Effect of glucocorticoid receptors in children with autoimmune disease. Pediatr Res 2001; 49: 130–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handel M. L., McMorrow L. B., Gravallese E. M. Nuclear factor‐κB in rheumatoid synovium. Localization of p50 and p65. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 1762–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theocharis S., Kouraklis G., Margeli A., Agopitos E., Ninos S., Karatza G., et al. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunohistochemical expression is correlated with cell cycle‐related molecules in human colon cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 49: 1745–50
   Google Scholar
• Handa K., Yamakawa M., Takeda H., Kimura S., Takahashi T. Expression of cell cycle markers in colorectal carcinoma: superiority of cyclin A as an indicator of poor prognosis. Int J Cancer 1999; 84: 225–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggert M., Kluter A., Rusch D., Schmidt K. L., Dotzlow H., Schulz M., et al. Expression analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor and the nuclear factor‐κB subunit p50 in lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 2500–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutolo M., Accardo S., Villagio B., Barone A., Sulli A., Coviello D. A., et al. Androgen and estrogen receptors are present in primary cultures of human synovial macrophages. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 820–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster J. C., Oakley R. H., Jewell C. M., Cidlowski J. A. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative β isoform: a mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 6865–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neeck G., Kluter A., Dotzlaw H., Eggert M. Involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 966: 491–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huisman A. M., Siewertsz van Everdingen A. A., Wenting M. J., Lafeber F., van Reesema, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor up‐regulation in early rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose prednisone or placebo. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21: 217–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Everdingen A. A., Huisman A. M., Wenting M. J., Lafeber F. P., van Reesema D. R., Jacobs J. W., et al. Down regulation of glucocorticoid receptors in early‐diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20: 463–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huisman A. M., Van Everdingen A. A., Wenting M. J., Siewertsz Van Reesema D. R., Lafeber F. P., et al. Glucocorticoid receptor downregulation in early diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 966: 64–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier J. P., Di Battista J. A., Zhang M., Fernandes J., Alaaeddine N., Martel‐Pelletier J. Effect of nimesulide on glucocorticoid receptor activity in human synovial fibroblast. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38 Suppl 1: 11–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuchacovich M., Tchernitchin M. N., Gatica H., Wurgraft R., Contreras L., Tchernitchin A. N. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis: study of the correlation between density of glucocorticoid receptors in synovial cells and clinical response to steroidal treatment. Rev Med Chil 1996; 124: 160–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga Y., Matsuzaki A., Suminoe A., Hattori H., Kanemitsu S., Hara T. Differential mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta is associated with glucocorticoid sensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45: 121–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmandari E., Chrousos G. P., Ichijo T., Bhattacharyya N., Vottero A., Souvatzoglou E., et al. The human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) beta isoform suppresses the transcriptional activity of hGRalpha by interfering with formation of active coactivator complexes. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19: 52–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pederson K. B., Geng C. D., Vedeckis W. V. Three mechanisms are involved in glucocorticoid receptor autoregulation in human T‐lymphoblast cell line. Biochemistry 2004; 31: 10851–8
   Google Scholar
• Lu N. Z., Cidlowski J. A. The origin and functions of multiple human glucocorticoid receptor isoforms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1024: 102–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yudt M. R., Jewell C. M., Bienstock R. J., Cidlowski J. A. Molecular origins of the dominant negative function of human glucocorticoid receptor beta. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23: 4319–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chikanza I. C. Mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 966: 39–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagliardo R., Vignola A. M., Mathieu M. Is there a role for glucocorticoid receptor beta in asthma?. Respir Res 2001; 2: 1–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRijk R. H., Schaaf M., Stam F. J., de Jong I. E., Swaab D. F., Ravid R., et al. Very low levels of the glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform in the human hippocampus as shown by Taqman RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2003; 19: 17–26
   Google Scholar
• Spica I., Hammer S., Kleuser B., Korting H. C., Schafer‐Korting M. Transcriptional activity of potent glucocorticoids: relevance of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms and drug metabolites. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2003; 16: 143–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huisman A. M., van Everdingen A. A., Wenting M. J., Lafeber F. P., van Reesema D. R., Jacobs J. W., et al. Glucocorticoid receptor up‐regulation in early rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose prednisolone or placebo. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21: 217–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell I. K., Gerondakis S., O'Donnell K., Wicks I. P. Distinct roles for the NF‐κB1 (p50) and c‐Rel transcription factors in inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 1799–806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marok R., Winyard P. G., Coumbe A., Kus M. L., Gafnney K., Blades S., et al. Activation of the transcriptional factor nuclear‐κB in human inflamed synovial tissue. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 583–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boss B., Neeck G. Correlation of IL‐6 the classical humoral activity parameters ESR and CRP and with serum cortisol, reflecting the activity of the HPA axis in active rheumatoid arthritis. Z Rheumatol 2000; 59: 62–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen R. M., Yamamoto K. R. The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NF‐κB by interfering with serine‐2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy‐terminal domain. Genes Dev 2000; 14: 2314–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucas V., Shi Y., Miyamoto S., West A., Verma I., Evans R. M. Cytoplasmic catalytic subunit of protein kinase A mediates cross‐repression by NF‐κB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 11893–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichardt H. M., Tuckermann J. P., Bauer A., Schütz G. Molecular genetic dissection of glucocorticoid receptor function in vivo. Z Rheumatol 2000; 59 Suppl 2: 1–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migita K., Tanaka H., Okamoto K., Yoshikawa N., Ichinose Y., Urayama S., et al. FK506 augments glucocorticoid‐mediated cyclooxygenase‐2 down‐regulation in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Lab Invest 2000; 80: 135–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalkhali‐Ellis Z., Handa R. H., Price R. H., Adams B. D., Callaghan J. J., Hendrix M. J. C. Androgen receptors in human synoviocytes and androgen regulation of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) induced IL‐6 production: a link between hyperandrogenicity and rheumatoid arthritis?. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 1834–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar