100
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Distribution of parental effort between nestlings of European starlings: Runting and a spoilt‐brat strategy

&
Pages 331-338 | Received 15 Aug 1994, Accepted 09 Jan 1995, Published online: 30 Mar 2010

References

  • Adams , J. 1989 . Natural selection of parental ability to vary resource partitioning among offspring? . Oikos , 56 : 135 – 137 .
  • Armstrong , E. A. 1949 . Bird life , 152 London : Lindsay Drummond .
  • Beecher , M. D. 1982 . Signature systems and kin recognition . American zoologist , 22 : 477 – 490 .
  • Bryant , D. M. 1978 . Establishment of weight hierarchies in the broods of house martins Delichon urbica . Ibis , 120 : 16 – 26 .
  • Clark , A. B. and Wilson , D. S. 1981 . Avian breeding adaptations: hatching asynchrony, brood reduction, and nest failure . Quarterly review of biology , 56 : 253 – 277 .
  • Coulson , J. C. 1960 . A study of the mortality of the starling based on ringing recoveries . Journal of animal ecology , 29 : 251 – 272 .
  • Delvingt , W. 1962 . Die Beziehungen zwichen Brutgrösze und Jungengewicht beirn Star . Journal für Ornithologie , 103 : 260 – 265 .
  • Dobush , C. R. , Ankney , C. D. and Krementz , D. G. 1985 . The effects of apparatus, extraction time, and solvent type on lipid extractions of snow geese . Canadian journal of zoology , 63 : 1917 – 1920 .
  • Dunnet , G. M. 1955 . The breeding of the starling Sturnus vulgaris in relation to its food supply . Ibis , 97 : 619 – 662 .
  • van Elsacker , L. , Pinxten , R. and Verheyen , R. F. 1988 . Timing of offspring recognition in adult starlings . Behaviour , 107 : 122 – 130 .
  • Falls , J. B. 1982 . “ Individual recognition by sounds in birds ” . In Acoustic communication in birds , Edited by: Kroodsma , D. E. , Miller , E. H. and Ouellet , H. Vol. II , 237 – 278 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Feare , C. 1984 . The starling , 315 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Flux , J. E. C. 1971 . Validity of the kidney fat index for estimating the condition of hares: a discussion . New Zealand journal of science , 14 : 238 – 244 .
  • Flux , J. E. C. and Flux , M. M. 1981 . Population dynamics and age structure of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in New Zealand . New Zealand journal of ecology , 4 : 65 – 72 .
  • Flux , J. E. C. and Flux , M. M. 1982 . Artificial selection and gene flow in wild starlings, Sturnus vulgaris . Naturwissenschaften , 69 : 96 – 97 .
  • Garnett , M. C. 1981 . Body size, its heritability and influence on juvenile survival among great tits, Parus major . Ibis , 123 : 31 – 41 .
  • Gottlander , K. 1987 . Parental behaviour and sibling competition in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca . Ornis scandinavica , 18 : 269 – 276 .
  • Gowaty , P. A. and Droge , D. L. 1991 . Sex ratio conflict and the evaluation of sex‐biased provisioning in birds . Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici , 2 : 932 – 945 .
  • Greig‐Smith , P. W. 1985 . Weight differences, brood reduction, and sibling competition among nestling stonechats Saxicola torquata (Aves: Turdidae) . Journal of zoology London , 205 : 453 – 465 .
  • Haig , D. 1990 . Brood reduction and optimal parental investment when offspring differ in quality . American naturalist , 136 : 550 – 556 .
  • Helms , C. W. and Smythe , R. B. 1969 . Variation in major body components of the tree sparrow (Spizella arborea) sampled within the winter range . Wilson bulletin , 81 : 280 – 292 .
  • Kaplan , R. H. and Cooper , W. S. 1988 . On the evolution of coin‐flipping plasticity: a response to McGinley, Temme, and Geber . American naturalist , 132 : 753 – 755 .
  • Lack , D. 1948 . Natural selection and family size in the starling . Evolution , 2 : 95 – 110 .
  • Lack , D. 1954 . The natural regulation of animal numbers , 343 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Lack , D. 1968 . Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds , 409 London : Methuen .
  • Lehikoinen , E. 1986 . Is fat fit?—a field study of survival and fatness in the great tit, Parus major L . Ornis fennica , 63 : 112 – 119 .
  • Lima , S. L. 1986 . Predation risk and unpredictable feeding conditions: determinants of body mass in birds . Ecology , 67 : 377 – 385 .
  • Linden , M. , Gustafsson , L. and Part , T. 1992 . Selection on fledging mass in the collared flycatcher and the great tit . Ecology , 73 : 336 – 343 .
  • Lloyd , D. G. 1987 . Selection of offspring size at independence and other size‐versus‐number strategies . American naturalist , 129 : 800 – 817 .
  • McClure , P. A. 1981 . Sex‐biased litter reduction in food‐restricted wood rats . Science , 211 : 1058 – 1060 .
  • McNamara , J. M. and Houston , A. I. 1990 . The value of fat reserves and the tradeoff between starvation and predation . Acta biotheoretica , 38 : 37 – 61 .
  • Magrath , R. D. 1990 . Hatching asynchrony in altricial birds . Biological reviews , 65 : 587 – 622 .
  • Nolan , V. and Ketterson , E. D. 1983 . An analysis of body mass, wing length, and visible fat deposits of dark‐eyed juncos wintering at different latitudes . Wilson bulletin , 95 : 603 – 620 .
  • O'Connor , R. J. 1976 . Weight and body composition in nestling blue tits Parus caeruleus . Ibis , 118 : 108 – 112 .
  • O'Connor , R. J. 1978 . Brood reduction in birds: selection for fratricide, infanticide and suicide? . Animal behaviour , 26 : 76 – 96 .
  • O'Connor , R. J. 1984 . The growth and development of birds , 315 New York : Wiley .
  • Perrins , C. M. 1965 . Population fluctuations and clutch‐size in the great tit, Parus major L . Journal of animal ecology , 34 : 601 – 647 .
  • Petrie , M. 1983 . Female moorhens compete for small fat males . Science , 220 : 413 – 415 .
  • Reed , J. R. 1981 . Song sparrow “rules” for feeding nestlings . Auk , 98 : 828 – 831 .
  • Ricklefs , R. E. 1973 . Ecology , 861 London : Nelson .
  • Rogers , C. M. 1987 . Predation risk and fasting capacity: do wintering birds maintain optimal body mass? . Ecology , 68 : 1051 – 1061 .
  • Rogers , C. M. and Smith , J. N. M. 1993 . Life‐history theory in the nonbreeding period: trade‐offs in avian fat reserves? . Ecology , 74 : 419 – 426 .
  • Stamps , J. , Clark , A. , Kus , B. and Arrowood , P. 1987 . The effect of parent and offspring gender on food allocation in budgerigars . Behaviour , 101 : 177 – 199 .
  • Svensson , S. 1964 . Weight variations in young starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) . Var fagelvärld , 23 : 43 – 56 .
  • Thompson , C. F. and Flux , J. E. C. 1988 . Body mass and lipid content at nest‐leaving of European starlings in New Zealand . Ornis scandinavica , 19 : 1 – 6 .
  • Thompson , C. F. and Flux , J. E. C. 1991 . Body mass, composition and survival of nestling and fledgling starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at Belmont, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of ecology , 15 : 41 – 47 .
  • Thompson , C. F. , Flux , J. E. C. and Tetzlaff , V. T. 1993 . The heaviest nestlings are not necessarily the fattest nestlings . Journal of field ornithology , 64 : 426 – 432 .
  • Trombulak , S. C. 1989 . Running speed and body mass in Belding's ground squirrels . Journal of mammalogy , 70 : 194 – 197 .
  • Waldman , B. 1988 . The ecology of kin recognition . Annual review of ecology and systematics , 19 : 543 – 571 .
  • Westerterp , K. 1973 . The energy budget of the nestling starling Sturnus vulgaris, a field study . Ardea , 61 : 137 – 158 .
  • Wright , S. L. , Crawford , C. B. and Anderson , J. L. 1988 . Allocation of reproductive effort in Mus domesticus: responses of offspring sex ratio and quality to social density and food availability . Behaviour, ecology and sociobiology , 23 : 357 – 365 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.