Frequency of overwintered Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) colonies in scrubland‐pasture habitat and their impact on prey

References

• Akre , R. D. , Myhre , E. A. and Chen , Yi . 1993 . A huge nest of the common yellowjacket, Paravespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera; Vespidae), in California . Entomological news , 104 : 123 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer , M. E. 1985 . Population dynamics of the social wasps Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica in England . Journal of animal ecology , 54 : 473 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow , N. D. , Moller , H. and Beggs , J. R. in press . A model for the biological control of wasps (Vespula vulgaris) by Sphecophaga vesparum vesparum in New Zealand . Journal of applied ecology. ,
   Google Scholar
• Chiappa , E. T. , Jopia , H. R. , Morales , C. L. and Cook , J. L. 1987 . Overwintering nests of Vespula germanica (F.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in central Chile . Ada entomologia Chilena , 14 : 171 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , C. D. 1939 . A contribution to the biology of the North American vespine wasps . Stanford University publications in biological science , 8 : 1 – 272 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , R. 1980 . Social wasps their biology and control , 398 East Grinstead : Rentokil Library .
   Google Scholar
• Green , A. 1991 . “ Dolichovespula and Vespula ” . In The social biology of wasps , Edited by: Ross , K. G. and Matthews , R. W. 253 – 265 . New York : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , R. J. 1991 . The diet of the wasps Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica in honeydew beech forest of the South Island, New Zealand . New Zealand journal of zoology , 18 : 159 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , R. J. and Oliver , E. H. 1993 . Prey diets and population densities of the wasps Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica in scrubland‐pasture . New Zealand journal of ecology , 17 : 5 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malham , J. P. , Rees , J. S. , Alspach , P. A. , Beggs , J. R. and Moller , H. 1991 . Traffic rate as an index of colony size in Vespula wasps . New Zealand journal of zoology , 18 : 105 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuura , M. and Yamane , S. 1984 . Biology of the Vespinae wasps , Berlin : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Plunkett , G. M. , Moller , H. , Hamilton , C. , Clapperton , B. K. and Thomas , C. D. 1989 . Overwintering colonies of German (Vespula germanica) and common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand . New Zealand journal of zoology , 16 : 345 – 353 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratnieks , F. L. W. and Miller , D. G. 1992 . Two polygyne overwintered nests of Vespula vulgaris from California . Psyche , 100 : 43 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Ratnieks , F. L. W. , Vetter , R. S. and Visscher , P. K. in press . A large overwintered, polygynous nest of the western yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica from southern California . Psyche ,
   Google Scholar
• Spradbery , J. P. 1973 . Wasps: an account of the biology and natural history of solitary and social wasps , 408 London : Sidgwick & Jackson .
   Google Scholar
• Spradbery , J. P. 1991 . “ Evolution of queen number and queen control ” . In The social biology of wasps , Edited by: Ross , K. G. and Matthews , R. W. 336 – 388 . New York : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , C. R. 1960 . The European wasp (Vespula germanica Fab.) in New Zealand , New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research information series 27 74 Auckland
   Google Scholar